Attentional modulation of visual processing
Abstract
Single-unit recording studies in the macaque have carefully documented the modulatory effects of attention on the response properties of visual cortical neurons. Attention produces qualitatively different effects on firing rate, depending on whether a stimulus appears alone or accompanied by distracters. Studies of contrast gain control in anesthetized mammals have found parallel patterns of results when the luminance contrast of a stimulus increases. This finding suggests that attention has co-opted the circuits that mediate contrast gain control and that it operates by increasing the effective contrast of the attended stimulus. Consistent with this idea, microstimulation of the frontal eye fields, one of several areas that control the allocation of spatial attention, induces spatially local increases in sensitivity both at the behavioral level and among neurons in area V4, where endogenously generated attention increases contrast sensitivity. Studies in the slice have begun to explain how modulatory signals might cause such increases in sensitivity.
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Attention is object based: selection of one feature of a perceptual object in one brain region causes co-selection of other features of the same object in different brain regions.
“Attention is object based, which means that the attentional selection of one feature of a perceptual object, represented in one brain region, causes the co-selection of other features of the same object, represented in different brain regions (Duncan et al., 1997; O’Craven et al., 1999; Reynolds and Chelazzi, 2004; Roelfsema, 2006; Roelfsema and Houtkamp, 2011; Zylberberg et al., 2011).”
From Conscious Processing and the Global Neuronal Workspace Hypothesis (2020) · cites this paper as Reynolds and Chelazzi, 2004
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Reynolds, J. H., & Chelazzi, L.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- University of Verona (IT)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2004-07-21
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 611-647
- ISSN
- 0147-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4126
- OpenAlex
- W2143994941
- Cited by
- 1,158
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 75
- FWCI
- 3.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- attention, visual processing, contrast gain control, spatial attention, frontal eye field, area V4, contrast sensitivity, distractors, macaque visual cortex, microstimulation, neuronal firing rate
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Attention, Eye Movements, Humans, Models, Neurological, Neurons, Orientation, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Contrast Sensitivity
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