Cited by 292Liver physiology and pathologyTissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineCongenital heart defects research

Liver homeostasis is maintained by midlobular zone 2 hepatocytes

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Wei, Yonglong, Wang, Yunguan G., Jia, Yuemeng, Li, Lin, Yoon, Jung, Zhang, Shuyuan, Wang, Zixi, Zhang, Yu +9 more·2021·Science

Abstract

Zoning in on liver growth: For organ homeostasis or regrowth after injury or disease, one or more stem cell populations is needed to rebuild lost tissue. There is considerable debate about the source of new cells in the liver. Two groups now identify the source of new hepatocytes (see the Perspective by Andersson). Although the liver may seem to lack major variation across its structure, its lobule is organized into concentric zones where hepatocytes express different metabolic enzymes. Wei et al. sought to systematically define the source of new liver cells by comparing 14 fate-mapping mice that label different liver cell types. They found that different regions of the liver lobule exhibit differences in hepatocyte turnover, with zone 2 representing a primary source of new hepatocytes during homeostasis and regeneration. Similarly, He et al. designed a genetic approach to record cell proliferation in vivo with high spatial and temporal resolution to enable continuous recording of proliferative events of any specific cell type at the whole-cell population level. Using this method, they identified zone 2 as having the highest proliferative activity and contributing the most to liver regrowth. These findings have implications for the cellular basis of chronic disease pathogenesis, cancer development, and regenerative medicine strategies. Science , this issue p. eabb1625 , p. eabc4346 ; see also p. 887

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Crossref · 10.1126/science.abb1625

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  • Clusters were annotated by zone and cell type using known marker genes, including markers for hepatic zones, bile duct cells, Kupffer cells, endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, and lymphocytes.

    “To annotate clusters by zone and cell type, known marker genes were used (18), including markers for hepatic zones (zone-specific genes), bile duct cells, Kupffer cells, endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, and lymphocytes.”

    From The origin of hepatocellular carcinoma depends on metabolic zonation (2026) · cites this paper as [18]

    In “Zone 2 proliferation is driven by the IGFBP2-mTOR-CCND1 axis” (page unavailable), the paper describes clustering hepatocytes by zone and identifies zone-specific genes. The available passages do not describe using marker genes to annotate clusters of bile duct, Kupffer, endothelial, hepatic stellate, or lymphocyte cells. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Knocking CreERT2 into the endogenous Axin2 locus increases proliferation of hepatocytes due to heterozygous Axin2 deletion.

    “Instead, EdU incorporation suggested that knocking CreERT2 into the endogenous Axin2 locus increases proliferation of hepatocytes due to heterozygous Axin2 deletion.86”

    From Distinct hepatocyte identities in liver homeostasis and regeneration (2023) · cites this paper as [86]

    In “Zone 3 cells near the CV do not repopulate during normal homeostasis” (page unavailable), EdU labeling shows that Axin2-CreER mice had the highest relative proliferation rate in zone 3, unlike the comparison strains. The passage does not establish that hepatocyte proliferation increased overall or that heterozygous Axin2 deletion caused the difference. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Sparsely labelled hepatocytes, marked by novel Cre-expressing transgenes from the Hamp2 and Mup3 promoters, also expanded during homeostasis, demonstrating that proliferation is not limited to the high telomerase-expressing population.

    “Additionally, sparsely labelled hepatocytes, marked by novel Cre-expressing transgenes from the Hamp2 and Mup3 promoters, also expanded during homeostasis, demonstrating that proliferation is not limited to the high telomerase-expressing population.86”

    From Distinct hepatocyte identities in liver homeostasis and regeneration (2023) · cites this paper as [86]

    The sections on Hamp2-positive clones and Mup3-CreER tracing report that sparsely labeled hepatocyte clones expanded during homeostasis. However, the section on hepatocytes marked in other ways says Tert-positive cells may overlap with the Hamp2 and Mup3 populations, so these results do not establish that proliferation occurs outside the high-telomerase-expressing population. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Injury to zone 1 by allyl alcohol injection or DDC diet was compensated by proliferation of hepatocytes in zones 2 and 3.

    “Additionally, injury to zone 1 by allyl alcohol injection or 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet was compensated by proliferation of hepatocytes in zones 2 and 3.85,86,88”

    From Distinct hepatocyte identities in liver homeostasis and regeneration (2023) · cites this paper as [86]

    In “Midlobular cells contribute to regeneration after chronic biliary and centrilobular injuries” (Fig. 5), the paper reports that zone 1 cell populations contracted during DDC treatment while zone 2 and 3 populations expanded. It does not report an allyl alcohol injection experiment, so that part of the attributed claim is unsupported by this source. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Zone 2 hepatocytes labelled by AAV8-TBG-Cre or CreERT2 expressed from the Hamp2 or Mup3 promoters proliferated and clonally expanded.

    “Zone 2 hepatocytes labelled by AAV8-TBG-Cre or CreERT2 expressed from the Hamp2 or Mup3 promoters also proliferated and clonally expanded.86,88”

    From Distinct hepatocyte identities in liver homeostasis and regeneration (2023) · cites this paper as [86]

    The sections on Hamp2-positive clones and Mup3-CreER tracing report proliferation and clonal expansion, and the section on other labeling methods reports that expanded AAV-TBG-Cre-labeled clones were predominantly in zone 2. Our copy calls the viral method AAV-TBG-Cre, not AAV8-TBG-Cre, so it does not verify the specified AAV8 serotype. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Wei, Y., Wang, Y. G., Jia, Y., Li, L., Yoon, J., Zhang, S., Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhu, M., Sharma, T., Lin, Y.-H., Hsieh, M.-H., Albrecht, J. H., Le, P. T., Rosen, C. J., Wang, T., & Zhu, H.
Affiliations
  • The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
  • University of Minnesota (US)
  • Maine Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Zhu, Hao
Venue
Science
Published
2021-02-26
Volume
371
Issue
6532
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
OpenAlex
W3132549301
Cited by
292
References
43
Citations by year
2026: 37 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 73 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 30
FWCI
27.13
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Cancer Institute (R01 CA251928)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK111588)
  • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R03ES026397-01)
  • Burroughs Wellcome Fund
  • Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RP150596, RP190208)
  • Stand Up To Cancer (SU2C-AACR-IRG 10-16)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Congenital heart defects research
Keywords
liver homeostasis, hepatocyte proliferation, liver regeneration, hepatocyte turnover, fate mapping, cell proliferation imaging, liver stem cells
MeSH terms
Animals, Biliary Tract, Biliary Tract Diseases, Homeostasis, Liver, Liver Regeneration, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2, Cyclin D1, Hepatocytes, Cell Proliferation, Mice, Gene Knock-In Techniques, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

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