Mechanisms of Bactericidal Action of Cinnamaldehyde against Listeria monocytogenes and of Eugenol against L. monocytogenes and Lactobacillus sakei
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The spice oil components eugenol and cinnamaldehyde possess activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but the mechanisms of action remain obscure. In broth media at 20 degrees C, 5 mM eugenol or 30 mM cinnamaldehyde was bactericidal (>1-log reduction in the number of CFU per milliliter in 1 h) to Listeria monocytogenes. At a concentration of 6 mM eugenol was bactericidal to Lactobacillus sakei, but treatment with 0.5 M cinnamaldehyde had no significant effect. To investigate the role of interference with energy generation in the mechanism of action, the cellular and extracellular ATP levels of cells in HEPES buffer at 20 degrees C were measured. Treatment of nonenergized L. monocytogenes with 5 mM eugenol, 40 mM cinnamaldehyde, or 10 microM carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) for 5 min prevented an increase in the cellular ATP concentration upon addition of glucose. Treatment of energized L. monocytogenes with 40 mM cinnamaldehyde or 10 microM CCCP caused a rapid decline in cellular ATP levels, but 5 mM eugenol had no effect on cellular ATP. Treatment of L. sakei with 10 mM eugenol prevented ATP generation by nonenergized cells and had no effect on the cellular ATP of energized cells. CCCP at a concentration of 100 microM had no significant effect on the cellular ATP of L. sakei. No significant changes in extracellular ATP were observed. Due to their rapidity, effects on energy generation clearly play a major role in the activity of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde at bactericidal concentrations. The possible mechanisms of inhibition of energy generation are inhibition of glucose uptake or utilization of glucose and effects on membrane permeability.
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Analysis of intracellular and extracellular ATP levels of cells treated with eugenol, cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol suggested that these compounds might inhibit the ATPase activity of bacterial cells.
“An analysis of the intracellular and extracellular ATP levels of cells treated with eugenol, cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol suggested that these compounds might inhibit the ATPase activity of bacterial cells.”
From Effect of essential oils on pathogenic bacteria (2013) · cites this paper as [45]
Some components of essential oils, such as eugenol, carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde, are capable of inhibiting the membrane-bound ATPase activity of E. coli and L. monocytogenes.
“Some components of the EOs, such as eugenol, carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde, are capable of inhibiting the membrane-bound ATPase activity of E. coli and L. monocytogenes.”
From Effect of essential oils on pathogenic bacteria (2013) · cites this paper as [45]
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- Authors
- Gill, A. O., & Holley, R. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Manitoba (CA)
- Venue
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2004-10
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 5750-5755
- ISSN
- 0099-2240 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5336
- PMC
- PMC522076
- OpenAlex
- W2135642891
- Cited by
- 439
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 9.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Antimicrobial agents and applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
- Keywords
- cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, Listeria monocytogenes, Lactobacillus sakei, bactericidal mechanism, intracellular ATP, extracellular ATP, CCCP, glucose uptake, membrane permeability
- MeSH terms
- Acrolein, Adenosine Triphosphate, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Energy Metabolism, Eugenol, Flavoring Agents, Food Microbiology, Glucose, Lactobacillus, Listeria monocytogenes, Plant Oils
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