Cited by 768Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stressUbiquitin and proteasome pathwaysRedox biology and oxidative stress

SCF/β-TrCP promotes glycogen synthase kinase 3-dependent degradation of the Nrf2 transcription factor in a Keap1-independent manner

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Rada, Patricia, Rojo, Ana I., Chowdhry, Sudhir, McMahon, Michael, Hayes, John D., Cuadrado, Antonio·2011·Molecular and Cellular Biology

Abstract

Regulation of transcription factor Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) involves redox-sensitive proteasomal degradation via the E3 ubiquitin ligase Keap1/Cul3. However, Nrf2 is controlled by other mechanisms that have not yet been elucidated. We now show that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) phosphorylates a group of Ser residues in the Neh6 domain of mouse Nrf2 that overlap with an SCF/β-TrCP destruction motif (DSGIS, residues 334 to 338) and promotes its degradation in a Keap1-independent manner. Nrf2 was stabilized by GSK-3 inhibitors in Keap1-null mouse embryo fibroblasts. Similarly, an Nrf2(ΔETGE) mutant, which cannot be degraded via Keap1, accumulated when GSK-3 activity was blocked. Phosphorylation of a Ser cluster in the Neh6 domain of Nrf2 stimulated its degradation because a mutant Nrf2(ΔETGE 6S/6A) protein, lacking these Ser residues, exhibited a longer half-life than Nrf2(ΔETGE). Moreover, Nrf2(ΔETGE 6S/6A) was insensitive to β-TrCP regulation and exhibited lower levels of ubiquitination than Nrf2(ΔETGE). GSK-3β enhanced ubiquitination of Nrf2(ΔETGE) but not that of Nrf2(ΔETGE 6S/6A). The Nrf2(ΔETGE) protein but not Nrf2(ΔETGE 6S/6A) coimmunoprecipitated with β-TrCP, and this association was enhanced by GSK-3β. Our results show for the first time that Nrf2 is targeted by GSK-3 for SCF/β-TrCP-dependent degradation. We propose a "dual degradation" model to describe the regulation of Nrf2 under different pathophysiological conditions.

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Crossref · 10.1128/mcb.01204-10

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  • The Neh6 domain is a redox-insensitive degron that provides Keap1-independent negative Nrf2 regulation and contains DSGIS and DSAPGS motifs to which βTrCP binds, with the DSGIS motif containing a GSK3 phosphorylation site that enhances βTrCP activity.

    “The Neh6 domain is a redox-insensitive degron that provides Keap1-independent negative Nrf2 regulation. Similar to Neh2, Neh6 contains two highly conserved 334DSGIS338 and 373DSAPGS378 motifs to which the β-transducin repeat-containing protein (βTrCP) binds, and within the DSGIS motif, a phosphorylation site for glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) that enhances βTrCP activity upon GSK3-mediated ph”

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Authors
Rada, P., Rojo, A. I., Chowdhry, S., McMahon, M., Hayes, J. D., & Cuadrado, A.
Affiliations
  • Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (ES)
  • University of Dundee (GB)
Corresponding author
Cuadrado, Antonio
Venue
Molecular and Cellular Biology
Published
2011-03-01
Volume
31
Issue
6
Pages
1121-1133
ISSN
  • 0270-7306 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-5549
OpenAlex
W2118394016
Cited by
759
References
55
Citations by year
2026: 40 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 21
FWCI
11.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Molecular and Cellular Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (publishedVersion)
  • DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
Keywords
Nrf2, glycogen synthase kinase-3, β-TrCP, protein degradation, serine phosphorylation, ubiquitination, transcription factor regulation, redox signaling
MeSH terms
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta, Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Cell Line, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Phosphorylation, Serine, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, beta-Transducin Repeat-Containing Proteins, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, NF-E2-Related Factor 2, Mice, Ubiquitination

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