Cited by 997Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stressRedox biology and oxidative stressGlutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms

Molecular basis of the Keap1–Nrf2 system

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Suzuki, Takafumi, Yamamoto, Masayuki·2015·Free Radical Biology and Medicine

Abstract

Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) is a master regulator of cellular responses against environmental stresses. Nrf2 induces the expression of detoxification and antioxidant enzymes, and Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1), an adaptor subunit of Cullin 3-based E3 ubiquitin ligase, regulates Nrf2 activity. Keap1 also acts as a sensor for oxidative and electrophilic stresses. Keap1 retains multiple sensor cysteine residues that detect various stress stimuli. Increasing attention has been paid to the roles that Nrf2 plays in the protection of our bodies against drug toxicity and stress-induced diseases. On the other hand, Nrf2 is found to promote both oncogenesis and cancer cell resistance against chemotherapeutic drugs. Thus, although Nrf2 acts to protect our body from deleterious stresses, cancer cells hijack the Nrf2 activity to support their malignant growth. Nrf2 has emerged as a new therapeutic target, and both inducers and inhibitors of Nrf2 are awaited. Studies challenging the molecular basis of the Keap1-Nrf2 system functions are now critically important to improve translational studies of the system. Indeed, recent studies identified cross talk between Nrf2 and other signaling pathways, which provides new insights into the mechanisms by which the Keap1-Nrf2 system serves as a potent regulator of our health and disease.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.006

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  • The transcription factor Nrf2 is a redox switch regulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes, GSH-synthesizing enzymes, and detoxifying Phase 2 enzymes.

    “The transcription factor Nrf2 is considered as a redox switch regulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes, GSH-synthesizing enzymes, and detoxifying Phase 2 enzymes (175), while the specific selenocysteine tRNA is needed for the synthesis of selenoproteins such as GPx or Trx reductase, which reduces oxidized Trx (133) (Fig. 2).”

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Authors
Suzuki, T., & Yamamoto, M.
Affiliations
Tohoku University (JP)
Corresponding author
Yamamoto, Masayuki
Venue
Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-11
Volume
88
Issue
Pt B
Pages
93-100
ISSN
0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W952491933
Cited by
995
References
84
Citations by year
2026: 62 · 2025: 89 · 2024: 83 · 2023: 102 · 2022: 116 · 2021: 104 · 2020: 118 · 2019: 88 · 2018: 78 · 2017: 82 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 10
FWCI
7.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Free Radical Biology and Medicine (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
  • Japan Science and Technology Agency
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (26460354, 2611010, 24249015, 25112502)
  • Takeda Science Foundation
  • Naito Foundation
  • Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms
Keywords
Keap1, Nrf2, oxidative stress sensing, electrophilic stress, chemoresistance, carcinogenesis, Nrf2 inhibitors, Nrf2 inducers, therapeutic target
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Signal Transduction, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, NF-E2-Related Factor 2

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