Cited by 161Sports Performance and TrainingCardiovascular and exercise physiologyMuscle metabolism and nutrition

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Fatigue is not a necessary stimulus for strength gains during resistance training

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Folland, J P, Irish, C S, Roberts, J C, Tarr, J E, Jones, D A·2002·British Journal of Sports Medicine

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Abstract

Background: High resistance training enhances muscular strength, and recent work has suggested an important role for metabolite accumulation in this process. Objective: To investigate the role of fatigue and metabolite accumulation in strength gains by comparing highly fatiguing and non-fatiguing isotonic training protocols. Methods: Twenty three healthy adults (18–29 years of age; eight women) were assigned to either a high fatigue protocol (HF: four sets of 10 repetitions with 30 seconds rest between sets) to maximise metabolic stress or a low fatigue protocol (LF: 40 repetitions with 30 seconds between each repetition) to minimise changes. Subjects lifted on average 73% of their 1 repetition maximum through the full range of knee extension with both legs, three times a week. Quadriceps isometric strength of each leg was measured at a knee joint angle of 1.57 rad (90°), and a Cybex 340 isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure the angle-torque and torque-velocity relations of the non-dominant leg. Results: At the mid-point of the training, the HF group had 50% greater gains in isometric strength, although this was not significant (4.5 weeks: HF, 13.3 (4.4)%; LF, 8.9 (3.6)%). This rate of increase was not sustained by the HF group, and after nine weeks of training all the strength measurements showed similar improvements for both groups (isometric strength: HF, 18.2 (3.9)%; LF, 14.5 (4.0)%). The strength gains were limited to the longer muscle lengths despite training over the full range of movement. Conclusions: Fatigue and metabolite accumulation do not appear to be critical stimuli for strength gain, and resistance training can be effective without the severe discomfort and acute physical effort associated with fatiguing contractions.

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Authors: Folland, J. P., Irish, C. S., Roberts, J. C., Tarr, J. E., & Jones, D. A.
Affiliations: University of Brighton (GB)
University of Birmingham (GB)
Corresponding author: Folland, J P
ORCID: Folland, J P
Jones, D A
Venue: British Journal of Sports Medicine
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 2002-10
Volume: 36
Issue: 5
Pages: 370-373
ISSN: 0306-3674 (ISSN-L)
1473-0480
DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.36.5.370
PMC: PMC1724546
OpenAlex: W2097151115
Cited by: 161
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 2.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: British Journal of Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University) (submittedVersion)
University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords: resistance training, training fatigue, metabolite accumulation, metabolic stress, knee extension, quadriceps strength, isometric strength, torque-velocity relationship, training stimulus
MeSH terms: Adult, Female, Humans, Isometric Contraction, Male, Physical Education and Training, Physical Endurance, Weight Lifting, Program Evaluation, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fatigue

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Fatigue is not a necessary stimulus for strength gains during resistance training

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