Cited by 590Gut microbiota and healthGastrointestinal motility and disordersMicrobial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology

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Dietary emulsifiers directly alter human microbiota composition and gene expression ex vivo potentiating intestinal inflammation

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Chassaing, Benoit, Van de Wiele, Tom, De Bodt, Jana, Marzorati, Massimo, Gewirtz, Andrew T·2017·Gut

DOI 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313099PMC PMC5940336

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Abstract

Objective: The intestinal microbiota plays a central role in the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases including IBD and metabolic syndrome. Administration of substances that alter microbiota composition, including the synthetic dietary emulsifiers polysorbate 80 (P80) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), can promote such inflammatory disorders. However, that inflammation itself impacts microbiota composition has obfuscated defining the extent to which these compounds or other substances act directly upon the microbiota versus acting on host parameters that promote inflammation, which subsequently reshapes the microbiota. Design: We examined the direct impact of CMC and P80 on the microbiota using the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model that maintains a complex stable human microbiota in the absence of a live host. Results: This approach revealed that both P80 and CMC acted directly upon human microbiota to increase its proinflammatory potential, as revealed by increased levels of bioactive flagellin. The CMC-induced increase in flagellin was rapid (1 day) and driven by altered microbiota gene expression. In contrast, the P80-induced flagellin increase occurred more slowly and was closely associated with altered species composition. Transfer of both emulsifier-treated M-SHIME microbiotas to germ-free recipient mice recapitulated many of the host and microbial alterations observed in mice directly treated with emulsifiers. Conclusions: These results demonstrate a novel paradigm of deconstructing host–microbiota interactions and indicate that the microbiota can be directly impacted by these commonly used food additives, in a manner that subsequently drives intestinal inflammation.

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Authors: Chassaing, B., Van de Wiele, T., De Bodt, J., Marzorati, M., & Gewirtz, A. T.
Affiliations: Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Ghent University (BE)
Georgia State University (US)
ORCID: Marzorati, Massimo
Gewirtz, Andrew T
Venue: Gut
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 2017-03-21
Volume: 66
Issue: 8
Pages: 1414-1427
ISSN: 0017-5749 (ISSN-L)
1468-3288
DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313099
PMC: PMC5940336
OpenAlex: W2603041755
Cited by: 590
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 63 · 2025: 78 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 18
FWCI: 19.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: addendum (2018-02-13)
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Gut (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders: Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America (DK083890, DK099071)
Crohn's and Colitis Foundation (276509)
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Universiteit Gent
Vlaamse regering
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK099071, R01DK083890)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
Keywords: food emulsifiers, Tween 80, carboxymethyl cellulose, gut microbiota, flagellin, intestinal inflammation, food additives, germ-free mice, host-microbiota interactions, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic syndrome
MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium, Diet, Enteritis, Female, Flagellin, Food Additives, Germ-Free Life, Humans, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Models, Biological, Polysorbates, Gene Expression, Emulsifying Agents, Mice

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Dietary emulsifiers directly alter human microbiota composition and gene expression ex vivo potentiating intestinal inflammation

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