Oculomotor abnormalities parallel cerebellar histopathology in autism
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate cerebellar function in autism by measuring visually guided saccades. METHODS: A visually guided saccade task was performed by 46 high-functioning individuals with autism with and without delayed language acquisition, and 104 age and IQ matched healthy individuals. RESULTS: Individuals with autism had increased variability in saccade accuracy, and only those without delayed language development showed a mild saccadic hypometria. Neither autistic group showed a disturbance in peak saccade velocity or latency. CONCLUSIONS: The observed saccadic abnormalities suggest a functional disturbance in the cerebellar vermis or its output through the fastigial nuclei, consistent with reported cerebellar histopathology in autism. The pattern of mild hypometria and variable saccade accuracy is consistent with chronic rather than acute effects of cerebellar vermis lesions reported in clinical and non-human primate studies, as might be expected in a neurodevelopmental disorder. The different patterns of oculomotor deficits in individuals with autism with and without delayed language development suggest that pathophysiology at the level of the cerebellum may differ depending on an individual's history of language development.
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Gaze linked to cerebellar function is characteristically atypical in individuals with autistic disorder, and subtle oculomotor alterations suggest abnormalities in cortico-cerebellar connectivity.
“Gaze linked to cerebellar function [23] is characteristically atypical in individuals with AD and the observation of subtle oculomotor alterations suggests abnormalities in cortico-cerebellar connectivity [24, 25].”
From Consensus Paper: Pathological Role of the Cerebellum in Autism (2012) · cites this paper as [24]
Findings of reduced smooth pursuit velocity, hypometric saccades, and increased trial-to-trial variability of saccade amplitude implicate vermal dysfunction in AD.
“Findings of reduced smooth pursuit velocity [202], hypometric saccades, and increased trial-to-trial variability of saccade amplitude [24] implicate vermal dysfunction in AD.”
From Consensus Paper: Pathological Role of the Cerebellum in Autism (2012) · cites this paper as [24]
Takarae et al. (2004) found the ASD group had increased variability in saccade accuracy, together with mild saccadic hypometria in those without delayed language development.
“The ASD group was found to have increased variability in saccade accuracy, together with mild saccadic hypometria in those without delayed language development.”
From Vision in autism spectrum disorders (2009) · cites this paper as Takarae et al. (2004)
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- Authors
- Takarae, Y.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Takarae, Y
- ORCID
- Takarae, Y
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2004-09-01
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1359-1361
- ISSN
- 0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1739220
- OpenAlex
- W2073701500
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (HD35469)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH01433, K02MH001433)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS33355)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01HD035469, HD35469)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, cerebellum, eye movement disorders, saccades, cerebellar vermis, language delay, cerebellar histopathology, neurodevelopmental disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Autistic Disorder, Cerebellum, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Reaction Time, Saccades, Task Performance and Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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