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Cited by 741

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Gender differences in Parkinson's disease

Open access
Haaxma, C. A, Bloem, B. R, Borm, G. F, Oyen, W. J G, Leenders, K. L, Eshuis, S., Booij, J., Dluzen, D. E, Horstink, M. W I M·2007·Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
DOI 10.1136/jnnp.2006.103788
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate gender differences in basic disease characteristics, motor deterioration and nigrostriatal degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS: We studied 253 consecutive PD patients who were not receiving levodopa or dopamine agonists (disease duration < or = 10 years). We investigated the influence of gender and oestrogen status on: (1) age at onset, (2) presenting symptom, (3) severity and progression of motor symptoms (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS-III) scores) and (4) amount and progression of nigrostriatal degeneration ([123I]FP-CIT single photon emission computed tomography measurements). RESULTS: Age at onset was 2.1 years later in women (53.4 years) than in men (51.3 years). In women, age at onset correlated positively with parity, age at menopause and fertile life span. Women more often presented with tremor (67%) than men (48%). Overall, patients presenting with tremor had a 3.6 year higher age at onset and a 38% slower UPDRS-III deterioration. Mean UPDRS-III scores at disease onset were equal for both genders, as was the rate of deterioration. Women had a 16% higher striatal [123I]FP-CIT binding than men at symptom onset and throughout the course of PD. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that, in women, the development of symptomatic PD may be delayed by higher physiological striatal dopamine levels, possibly due to the activity of oestrogens. This could explain the epidemiological observations of a lower incidence and higher age at onset in women. Women also presented more often with tremor which, in turn, is associated with milder motor deterioration and striatal degeneration. Taken together, these findings suggest a more benign phenotype in women with PD.

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Metadata

Authors
Haaxma, C. A., Bloem, B. R., Borm, G. F., Oyen, W. J. G., Leenders, K. L., Eshuis, S., Booij, J., Dluzen, D. E., & Horstink, M. W. I. M.
Venue
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
Publisher
BMJ
Published
2007-08-01
Volume
78
Issue
8
Pages
819-824
ISSN
0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1136/jnnp.2006.103788
OpenAlex
W2101345641
Cited by
741
References
1
FWCI
6.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
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