The effect of branched-chain amino acid on muscle damage markers and performance following strenuous exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis determined whether the ergogenic effects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) ameliorated markers of muscle damage and performance following strenuous exercise. In total, 25 studies were included, consisting of 479 participants (age 24.3 ± 8.3 years, height 1.73 ± 0.06 m, body mass 70.8 ± 9.5 kg, females 26.3%). These studies were rated as fair to excellent following the PEDro scale. The outcome measures were compared between the BCAA and placebo conditions at 24 and 48 hours following muscle-damaging exercises, using standardised mean differences and associated p-values via forest plots. Our meta-analysis demonstrated significantly lower levels of indirect muscle damage markers (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and myoglobin) at 48 hours post-exercise (standardised mean difference [SMD] = −0.41; p < 0.05) for the BCAA than placebo conditions, whilst muscle soreness was significant at 24 hours post-exercise (SMD = −0.28 ≤ d ≤ −0.61; p < 0.05) and 48 hours post-exercise (SMD = −0.41 ≤ d≤ −0.92; p < 0.01). However, no significant differences were identified between the BCAA and placebo conditions for muscle performance at 24 or 48 hours post-exercise (SMD = 0.08 ≤ d ≤ 0.21; p > 0.05). Overall, BCAA reduced the level of muscle damage biomarkers and muscle soreness following muscle-damaging exercises. However, the potential benefits of BCAA for muscle performance recovery is questionable and warrants further investigation to determine the practicality of BCAA for ameliorating muscle damage symptoms in diverse populations. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020191248. Novelty: BCAA reduces the level of creatine kinase and muscle soreness following strenuous exercise with a dose–response relationship. BCAA does not accelerate recovery for muscle performance.
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A recent meta-analysis found that BCAAs had no significant effect on lactate dehydrogenase.
“A recent meta-analysis found that BCAAs had no significant effect on lactate dehydrogenase, while lower levels of creatine kinase were reported post-exercise in the BCAA group (<24 h; 24 h and 48 h).”
From Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acids Supplementation in Athletes: A Systematic Review (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
Delayed onset muscle soreness was lower for the BCAA group than the placebo trial.
“Likewise, delayed onset muscle soreness was lower for the BCAA group than the placebo trial [10].”
From Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acids Supplementation in Athletes: A Systematic Review (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
A significant heterogeneity between studies (75%) was observed 24 and 48 hours post-exercise.
“A significant heterogeneity between studies (75%) was observed 24- and 48-h post-exercise [10].”
From Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acids Supplementation in Athletes: A Systematic Review (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
Lower levels of creatine kinase were reported post-exercise in the BCAA group at <24 h, 24 h and 48 h.
“A recent meta-analysis found that BCAAs had no significant effect on lactate dehydrogenase, while lower levels of creatine kinase were reported post-exercise in the BCAA group (<24 h; 24 h and 48 h).”
From Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acids Supplementation in Athletes: A Systematic Review (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Doma, K., Singh, U., Boullosa, D., & Connor, J. D.
- Affiliations
- James Cook University (AU)
- Sports Dynamix Private Limited, Chennai, Nadu, India.
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (BR)
- Venue
- Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism
- Publisher
- Canadian Science Publishing
- Published
- 2021-11
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1303-1313
- ISSN
- 1715-5312 (ISSN-L)
- 1715-5320
- OpenAlex
- W3202599262
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5
- FWCI
- 0.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ResearchOnline - JCU (James Cook University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- branched-chain amino acids, muscle damage, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, myoglobin, delayed onset muscle soreness, post-exercise recovery, muscle performance, ergogenic aids, strenuous exercise
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acids, Branched-Chain, Creatine, Humans, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, Myoglobin, Physical Endurance, Biomarkers, Dietary Supplements, Performance-Enhancing Substances, Myalgia
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