Branched-chain amino acids, mitochondrial biogenesis, and healthspan: an evolutionary perspective
Open accessAbstract
Malnutrition is common among older persons, with important consequences increasing frailty and morbidity and reducing health expectancy. On the contrary, calorie restriction (CR, a low-calorie dietary regimen with adequate nutrition) slows the progression of age-related diseases and extends the lifespan of many species. Identification of strategies mimicking key CR mechanisms - increased mitochondrial respiration and reduced production of oxygen radicals - is a hot topic in gerontology. Dietary supplementation with essential and/or branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) exerts a variety of beneficial effects in experimental animals and humans and has been recently demonstrated to support cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, prevent oxidative damage, and enhance physical endurance in middle-aged mice, resulting in prolonged survival. Here we review recent studies addressing the possible role of BCAAs in energy metabolism and in the longevity of species ranging from unicellular organisms to mammals. We also summarize observations from human studies supporting the exciting hypothesis that dietary BCAA enriched mixture supplementation might be a health-promoting strategy in aged patients at risk.
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Essential and/or branched chain amino acids support cardiac and skeletal muscle through increased mitochondrial biogenesis and function in both mice and humans.
“More recently, essential and/or branched chain amino acids have been shown to support cardiac and skeletal muscle through increased mitochondrial biogenesis and function in both mice and humans (D’Antona et al., 2010; Tatpati et al., 2010; Valerio et al., 2011).”
From Mitochondrial (Dys)function and Insulin Resistance: From Pathophysiological Molecular Mechanisms to the Impact of Diet (2019) · cites this paper as Valerio et al., 2011
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“Moreover, in fruit flies, maximal H2S production capacity was observed in whole-body extracts of flies subjected to varying levels of DR andMetR [54], which are correlated with the maximal lifespan extension [55].”
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- Authors
- Valerio, A., D'Antona, G., & Nisoli, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Brescia (IT)
- Department of Physiology, Human Physiology Unit and Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Pavia University, Pavia 27100, Italy
- University of Milan (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Nisoli, Enzo
- Venue
- Aging
- Publisher
- Impact Journals, LLC
- Published
- 2011-04-30
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 464-478
- ISSN
- 1945-4589 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3156598
- OpenAlex
- W1598035363
- Cited by
- 196
- References
- 124
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 1.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Aging (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Brescia) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Keywords
- branched-chain amino acids, mitochondrial biogenesis, healthspan, caloric restriction, longevity, malnutrition in older adults, frailty, mitochondrial respiration, oxidative stress, dietary supplementation, energy metabolism, gerontology
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acids, Branched-Chain, Animals, Diet, Energy Metabolism, Biological Evolution, Humans, Longevity, Mitochondria, Nutritional Status, Dietary Supplements, Caloric Restriction
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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