Composite versus single transportable carbohydrate solution enhances race and laboratory cycling performance

Rowlands, David S.; Swift, Marilla; Ros, Marjolein; Green, Jackson G.

doi:10.1139/h2012-013

Cited by 70Muscle metabolism and nutritionSports Performance and TrainingThermoregulation and physiological responses

Composite versus single transportable carbohydrate solution enhances race and laboratory cycling performance

Rowlands, David S., Swift, Marilla, Ros, Marjolein, Green, Jackson G.·2012·Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism

DOI 10.1139/h2012-013

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Abstract

When ingested at high rates (1.8–2.4 g·min–1) in concentrated solutions, carbohydrates absorbed by multiple (e.g., fructose and glucose) vs. single intestinal transporters can increase exogenous carbohydrate oxidation and endurance performance, but their effect when ingested at lower, more realistic, rates during intermittent high-intensity endurance competition and trials is unknown. Trained cyclists participated in two independent randomized crossover investigations comprising mountain-bike races (average 141 min; n = 10) and laboratory trials (94-min high-intensity intervals followed by 10 maximal sprints; n = 16). Solutions ingested during exercise contained electrolytes and fructose + maltodextrin or glucose + maltodextrin in 1:2 ratio ingested, on average, at 1.2 g carbohydrate·kg–1·h–1. Exertion, muscle fatigue, and gastrointestinal discomfort were recorded. Data were analysed using mixed models with gastrointestinal discomfort as a mechanism covariate; inferences were made against substantiveness thresholds (1.2% for performance) and standardized difference. The fructose–maltodextrin solution substantially reduced race time (–1.8%; 90% confidence interval = ±1.8%) and abdominal cramps (–8.1 on a 0–100 scale; ±6.6). After accounting for gastrointestinal discomfort, the effect of the fructose–maltodextrin solution on lap time was reduced (–1.1%; ±2.4%), suggesting that gastrointestinal discomfort explained part of the effect of fructose–maltodextrin on performance. In the laboratory, mean sprint power was enhanced (1.4%; ±0.8%) with fructose–maltodextrin, but the effect on peak power was unclear (0.7%; ±1.5%). Adjusting out gastrointestinal discomfort augmented the fructose–maltodextrin effect on mean (2.6%; ±1.9%) and peak (2.5%; ±3.0%) power. Ingestion of multiple transportable vs. single transportable carbohydrates enhanced mountain-bike race and high-intensity laboratory cycling performance, with inconsistent but not irreconcilable effects of gut discomfort as a possible mediating mechanism.

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Evidence in females supports CHO ingestion rates of 30-60 g/h as an appropriate target for sports of longer duration (≥60 min).
“evidence in females also supports CHO ingestion rates of 30–60 g · h−1 of as an appropriate target for sports of longer duration (≥60 min) [210].”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [210]

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Authors: Rowlands, D. S., Swift, M., Ros, M., & Green, J. G.
Affiliations: Massey University (NZ)
ORCID: Rowlands, David S.
Venue: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Published: 2012-06
Volume: 37
Issue: 3
Pages: 425-436
ISSN: 1715-5312 (ISSN-L)
1715-5320
DOI: 10.1139/h2012-013
OpenAlex: W2009238455
Cited by: 70
References: 41
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 4.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining (tdm)
Locations: Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Wellington City Council
Massey University
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
Keywords: carbohydrate intake, gastrointestinal discomfort, abdominal cramps, mountain bike racing, high-intensity cycling, sprint power, endurance performance, carbohydrate oxidation, muscle fatigue
MeSH terms: Adult, Bicycling, Biological Transport, Colic, Diarrhea, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Electrolytes, Energy Metabolism, Female, Fructose, Humans, Male, Nausea, Physical Endurance, Polysaccharides, Cross-Over Studies, Muscle Fatigue, Athletic Performance

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Composite versus single transportable carbohydrate solution enhances race and laboratory cycling performance

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