The DOI matches its Crossref record; 122 of the 122 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 164 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence
Open accessAbstract
Chronic illnesses and medical conditions present millions of children and adolescents with significant stress that is associated with risk for emotional and behavioral problems and interferes with adherence to treatment regimens. We review research on the role of child and adolescent coping with stress as an important feature of the process of adaptation to illness. Recent findings support a control-based model of coping that includes primary control or active coping (efforts to act on the source of stress or one's emotions), secondary control or accommodative coping (efforts to adapt to the source of stress), and disengagement or passive coping (efforts to avoid or deny the stressor). Evidence suggests the efficacy of secondary control coping in successful adaptation to chronic illness in children and adolescents, disengagement coping is associated with poorer adjustment, and findings for primary control coping are mixed. Avenues for future research are highlighted.
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124 Not checked yet · 30 Own interpretation · 6 No basis given · 3 Own result
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“adequate validity data have been provided for only a subset of measures that are used to study children’s coping with chronic illness.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Directions of Future Research and Application > Enhancing methodological rigor
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Recent findings support a control-based model of coping that includes primary control or active coping (efforts to act on the source of stress or one’s emotions), secondary control or accommodative coping (efforts to adapt to the source of stress), and disengagement or passive coping (efforts to avoid or deny the stressor).”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The empirical studies reviewed provide valid and reliable evidence about the relationships between coping and adjustment in children and adolescents with chronic illness.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“disengagement coping is associated with poorer adjustment”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The empirical studies reviewed provide valid and reliable evidence about the relationships between coping and adjustment in children and adolescents with chronic illness.
- Rests on an assumption: Findings from studies of specific chronic illnesses (e.g., cancer, diabetes, recurrent abdominal pain) generalize to children and adolescents with chronic illness more broadly.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“findings for primary control coping are mixed”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The empirical studies reviewed provide valid and reliable evidence about the relationships between coping and adjustment in children and adolescents with chronic illness.
- Rests on an assumption: Findings from studies of specific chronic illnesses (e.g., cancer, diabetes, recurrent abdominal pain) generalize to children and adolescents with chronic illness more broadly.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Evidence suggests the efficacy of secondary control coping in successful adaptation to chronic illness in children and adolescents”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Abstract
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The empirical studies reviewed provide valid and reliable evidence about the relationships between coping and adjustment in children and adolescents with chronic illness.
- Rests on an assumption: Findings from studies of specific chronic illnesses (e.g., cancer, diabetes, recurrent abdominal pain) generalize to children and adolescents with chronic illness more broadly.
In the paper
“Blount et al. (2008) presented convergent and predictive validity data for six self-report general coping measures and three self-report pain coping measures.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness: Fundamental Issues > Measurement of coping with pediatric illness and health conditions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Blount et al. (2008)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Extensive evidence suggests that coping responses are not universally effective or ineffective (e.g., Taylor & Stanton 2008). Rather the degree to which a coping strategy leads to better or worse emotional and behavioral adjustment depends in part on the match between the demands of the stressor and the goals and nature of the coping response.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness: Fundamental Issues > The central role of controllability
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Taylor & Stanton 2008
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Further, children, mothers and fathers all rated daily role functioning as more stressful than cancer uncertainty for children.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Stress and Chronic Illness in Young People > Coping with what?
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rodriguez et al. 2011, in press
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“However, little or no data have been reported that directly address this issue.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness: Fundamental Issues > Measurement of coping with pediatric illness and health conditions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Blount et al. (2008)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These correlations suggest that coping with these stressors may have important implications for children’s emotional distress.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Stress and Chronic Illness in Young People > Coping with what?
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The empirical studies reviewed provide valid and reliable evidence about the relationships between coping and adjustment in children and adolescents with chronic illness.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 51
- Probably not a substantial claim. 16
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Five studies out of 17 found evidence that primary control/active coping was related to better adjustment, three found it was related to poorer adjustment, and five found no relation with adjustment.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with cancer
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fourteen of the studies presented in Table 1 measured disengagement/passive coping and 11 found it was related to poorer adjustment, 4 found no association with adjustment, and no studies found this type of coping was related to better adjustment.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with cancer
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the 16 studies summarized in Table 1 that measured secondary control/accommodative coping, 10 found this form of coping was related to better adjustment, 5 found no association with adjustment, and only one found an association with poorer adjustment.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with cancer
plaincorrelationaln = 16- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The majority of research on children’s coping with chronic illness has been limited to cross-sectional studies that rely solely on children or parents as sources of information on coping and its correlates.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Directions of Future Research and Application > Enhancing methodological rigor
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“relatively little research has examined age and developmental patterns in children’s coping with chronic illness.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Directions of Future Research and Application > Understanding developmental differences in coping with chronic illness
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Chronic illnesses and medical conditions present millions of children and adolescents with significant stress that is associated with risk for emotional and behavioral problems and interferes with adherence to treatment regimens.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
“These illnesses and their treatment present children, adolescents and their parents with significant sources of chronic stress that can contribute to emotional and behavioral problems and can compromise adherence to treatment regimens.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The empirical studies reviewed provide valid and reliable evidence about the relationships between coping and adjustment in children and adolescents with chronic illness.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Chronic illnesses in childhood and adolescence are both causes of significant stress and are affected by stress in other life domains.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Stress and Chronic Illness in Young People
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It is noteworthy that three of these systems were developed and tested with children and adolescents (Ayers et al. 1996; Connor-Smith et al. 2000; Walker et al. 1997) and two have been applied to child/adolescent coping with illness and chronic illness (Connor-Smith et al. 2000; Walker et al. 1997).”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness: Fundamental Issues > Dimensions, categories and the structure of coping
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Skinner et al. 2003
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“No convergent validity data were reported for six of these nine measures and the convergent validity that was presented was limited to correlations with other self-report measures of coping.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness: Fundamental Issues > Measurement of coping with pediatric illness and health conditions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Blount et al. (2008)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The RSQ has been used recently to study coping with diabetes, chronic pain, and cancer (see below).”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness: Fundamental Issues > Measurement of coping with pediatric illness and health conditions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“A scholarly review of evidence-based measures of coping in pediatric psychology was recently presented by Blount et al. (2008).”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness: Fundamental Issues > Measurement of coping with pediatric illness and health conditions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Blount et al. 2008
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Based on both children’s and parents’ reports, all three types of stress were experienced as moderately to highly stressful and with relatively high frequency for children (Rodriguez et al. 2011, in press).”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Stress and Chronic Illness in Young People > Coping with what?
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rodriguez et al. 2011, in press
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Current perspectives on coping during childhood and adolescence emphasize the distinction between controlled and automatic processes (Compas et al. 2001; Eisenberg et al. 1997; Skinner et al. 2003; see Rudolph et al. 1995, for an earlier discussion of this distinction).”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness: Fundamental Issues > Defining and conceptualizing coping
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Compas et al. 2001
- Not checked yetcites Eisenberg et al. 1997
- Not checked yetcites Skinner et al. 2003
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, chronic illnesses present children, adolescents and their parents with the acute stress of a diagnosis followed by long-term chronic stress.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Stress and Chronic Illness in Young People
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The empirical studies reviewed provide valid and reliable evidence about the relationships between coping and adjustment in children and adolescents with chronic illness.
In the paper
“Blount et al. included general self-report measures of coping (e.g., the Kidcope; Spirito et al. 1988), self-report measures of coping with pain (e.g., the Pediatric Pain Coping Inventory; Varni et al. 1996), and observational measures of coping with pain (e.g., the Child Adult Medical Procedure Interaction Scale; Blount et al. 1989).”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness: Fundamental Issues > Measurement of coping with pediatric illness and health conditions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Blount et al. 2008
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The PRI is a pain-specific measure of coping that was guided by a three-factor model that includes active, accommodative, and passive coping (Walker et al. 1997).”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness: Fundamental Issues > Measurement of coping with pediatric illness and health conditions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Walker et al. 1997
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In a seminal review of children’s coping with medical stressors, Rudolph, Dennig and Weisz (1995) presented a multidimensional model of control and coping that remains central to understanding successful adaptation to chronic illness in childhood and adolescence.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness: Fundamental Issues > The central role of controllability
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rudolph et al. 1995
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“On the other hand, the PRI and RSQ differ in their focus, as the RSQ is designed to be adapted to specific stressors or domains of stress whereas the PRI is intended exclusively to assess coping with pain.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness: Fundamental Issues > Measurement of coping with pediatric illness and health conditions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Connor-Smith et al. 2000
- Not checked yetcites Walker et al. 1997
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Coping responses, in contrast, are controlled and volitional in nature—the things that children and adolescents purposefully do to manage and adapt to stress.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness: Fundamental Issues > Defining and conceptualizing coping
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Compas et al. 2001
- Not checked yetcites Eisenberg et al. 1997
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In addition, the results of several confirmatory factor analyses with the RSQ yielded three independent coping factors with no subscales that cross-loaded (e.g., Connor-Smith et al. 2000; Yao et al. 2010), while the PRI includes four subscales of passive coping that cross-load on active and accommodative coping (Walker et al. 1997).”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness: Fundamental Issues > Measurement of coping with pediatric illness and health conditions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Connor-Smith et al. 2000
- Not checked yetcites Yao et al. 2010
- Not checked yetcites Walker et al. 1997
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The RSQ was developed to assess primary control engagement coping, secondary control engagement coping, and disengagement coping, as well as automatic engagement and disengagement stress responses that do not reflect coping (Connor-Smith et al. 2000).”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness: Fundamental Issues > Measurement of coping with pediatric illness and health conditions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Connor-Smith et al. 2000
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“For example, in diabetes research, the gold standard physiological outcome is glycated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1C), which provides objective criteria of metabolic control over the most recent 8–12 weeks and is routinely measured quarterly in patients with T1D (DCCT Research Group 1986).”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness: Fundamental Issues > Important correlates of coping: Emotional and behavioral problems, adherence, disease course
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites DCCT Research Group 1986
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In their sample, the use of primary control coping strategies was related to better self- and parent-reported social competence, better QOL, and lower HbA1c values.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with Diabetes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jaser & White (2011)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The use of secondary control coping was also related to better parent-reported social competence and QOL, but it was not related to HbA1c.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with Diabetes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jaser & White 2011
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Adolescents who perceived their mothers as uninvolved had poorer adherence and poorer metabolic control, but those who perceived their mothers as collaborative had better adherence and metabolic control (Wiebe et al. 2003).”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with Diabetes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wiebe et al. 2003
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, Hanson et al. (1994) found that a coping factor labeled “utilizing personal and interpersonal resources” was not associated with adherence or levels of HbA1c, while “ventilation/avoidance” coping was related to poorer adherence but not to HbA1c levels.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with Diabetes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hanson et al. (1994)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“They found that the use of cognitive restructuring, a type of secondary control coping, was associated with less depression and greater positive well-being.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with Diabetes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Edgar & Skinner 2003
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“On the other hand, disengagement coping was related to lower self-reported social competence and higher HbA1c values (Jaser & White 2011).”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with Diabetes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jaser & White 2011
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Walker et al. (1997) found that accommodative coping was related to lower levels of pain, whereas four studies found no association between this scale and indicators of adjustment in children and adolescents with RAP (Kaczynski et al. 2011; Shirkey et al. 2011; Walker et al. 2005, 2007) and one study found that accommodative coping was related to higher levels of somatic symptoms (Simons et al. 2”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with chronic pain
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Walker et al. (1997)
- Not checked yetcites Kaczynski et al. 2011
- Not checked yetcites Simons et al. 2008
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Early studies of coping in youth with T1D relied primarily on approach-avoidance and problem- and emotion-focused models of coping. These studies often failed to find a relationship between approach/avoidance coping and metabolic control (e.g., Hanson et al. 1989; Reid et al. 1994).”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with Diabetes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hanson et al. 1989
- Not checked yetcites Reid et al. 1994
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In these studies, it is likely that adolescents were reporting on how they coped with both the controllable and uncontrollable aspects of the illness, and therefore, both primary and secondary control coping strategies may be adaptive.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with Diabetes
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Reid et al. used a measure of coping that was divided into two factors: approach and avoidance. They found that higher levels of approach and lower levels of avoidance coping were associated with better adherence to the diabetes treatment regimen, but that neither approach or avoidance coping was related to elevated HbA1c levels.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with Diabetes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Reid et al.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Active coping on the PRI was related to poorer adjustment in two studies (Simons et al. 2008; Walker et al. 1997) and not related to adjustment in four studies (Kaczynski et al. 2011; Shirkey et al. 2011; Walker et al. 2005, 2007).”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with chronic pain
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Simons et al. 2008
- Not checked yetcites Walker et al. 1997
- Not checked yetcites Kaczynski et al. 2011
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Thomsen et al. (2002) found that primary control was related to lower symptoms of anxiety and depression but higher levels of pain, while three studies found no association between primary control coping and adjustment in children with RAP (Compas et al. 2006; Dufton et al. 2011; Hocking et al. 2011).”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with chronic pain
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Thomsen et al. (2002)
- Not checked yetcites Compas et al. 2006
- Not checked yetcites Dufton et al. 2011
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Disengagement coping (e.g., denial, avoidance, wishful thinking) has been associated with higher levels of somatic complaints and anxiety/depression in two studies (Compas et al. 2006; Thomsen et al. 2002) but unrelated to measures of adjustment in two other studies (Dufton et al. 2011; Hocking et al. 2011).”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with chronic pain
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Compas et al. 2006
- Not checked yetcites Thomsen et al. 2002
- Not checked yetcites Dufton et al. 2011
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Only one of the 24 effect sizes was statistically significant; i.e., there was a significant association of emotion-focused coping and lower symptoms of depression. Thus, 23 of 24 effect sizes for these four types of coping were non-significant.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Aldridge & Roesch 2007
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The self-report measures of coping used in the reviewed studies accurately reflect children's and adolescents' actual coping efforts.
- Rests on an assumption: The different coping measures used across the reviewed studies assess sufficiently comparable constructs to allow synthesis of their findings.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“For example, based on some work suggesting that children with pediatric cancer show similar or lower levels of depression and higher levels of denial coping and “repressive” personality style than healthy controls (e.g., Canning et al. 1992; Worchel et al. 1987), Phipps & Srivastava (1997) examined self-reported coping, personality style, and depressive symptoms in a sample of 107 children ages 7–”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Canning et al. 1992
- Not checked yetcites Worchel et al. 1987
- Not checked yetcites Phipps & Srivastava 1997
hedgedcorrelationaln = 107- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The results indicated that children with cancer reported lower levels of depression and trait anxiety than controls, and higher levels of avoidant coping than controls.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Phipps & Srivastava (1997)
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The relatively inconsistent pattern of findings may be due to limitations in the use of the problem vs. emotion-focused and approach vs. avoidance distinctions.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with cancer
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“At 6 months to a year after diagnosis, problem-focused coping was associated with poorer adjustment, and emotion focused coping was associated with better adjustment at 2–3 years and 3–4 years after diagnosis.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Aldridge & Roesch 2007
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, at 6 months to 1 year after diagnosis, approach coping was associated with poorer adjustment, but at 4–5 years post-diagnosis this type of coping was associated with better adjustment.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Aldridge & Roesch 2007
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The identification of coping profiles may provide a more nuanced approach to understanding complex patterns of children’s coping.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with chronic pain
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Primary and secondary control coping were negatively correlated with more emotional and behavioral problems in survivors, while higher levels of disengagement coping were positively correlated with more emotional and behavioral problems.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Campbell et al. (2009)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The results of Miller et al. (2009) support findings with other populations that primary and secondary control coping are related to fewer symptoms of psychological distress.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Miller et al. (2009)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“children and adolescents’ reports of behavioral control coping strategies were significantly related to more self-reported depressive symptoms and somatic complaints and nurses’ reports of poorer adjustment.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Worchel et al. (1987)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Primary and secondary control coping were significantly negatively related to anxiety, depression, and negative affectivity, while disengagement coping was not.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Miller et al. (2009)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“primary and secondary control coping each mediated the association between negative affectivity and depression”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Miller et al. (2009)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“These results suggest that secondary control coping is an important predictor of emotional and behavioral problems in survivors, and that poorer executive functioning may affect survivors’ ability to use secondary control coping, putting them at greater risk for emotional and behavioral problems”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Campbell et al. (2009)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Decisional control strategies, however, were significantly related to nurses’ reports of better adjustment and to parents’ reports of fewer internalizing and externalizing symptoms.”
- Also stated in: § Coping with cancer · boosted
“Decisional control strategies were consistently related to better adjustment”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Worchel et al. (1987)
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Coping with cancer · boosted
In the paper
“It has been shown to have positive effects on both quality of life and metabolic control (Grey et al. 2000).”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Directions of Future Research and Application > Interventions to enhance coping skills
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Grey et al. 2000
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The use of avoidance, denial, and wishful thinking do not facilitate effective regulation of emotional distress and further may disrupt or derail engagement coping strategies aimed at adjusting to uncontrollable stress.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with cancer
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The PASCET-PI group showed significantly greater improvement in children’s depressive symptoms (based on child and parent report), children’s global functioning, and increased perceptions of control at posttreatment than the comparison group.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Directions of Future Research and Application > Interventions to enhance coping skills
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Szigethy et al. (2007)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“recent meta-analyses have documented significant cognitive impairment in survivors of leukemia (Campbell et al. 2007), brain and CNS tumors (Robinson et al. 2010), type 1 diabetes (Naguib et al. 2009), congenital heart disease (Karsorp et al. 2007), and sickle cell disease (Schatz et al. 2002).”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Directions of Future Research and Application > Coping and cognitive function
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Campbell et al. 2007
- Not checked yetcites Robinson et al. 2010
- Not checked yetcites Naguib et al. 2009
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“in a study of children with leukemia, Campbell et al. (2009) found that higher levels of primary and secondary control coping, as measured by composite self- and parent-report on the RSQ, were correlated with better executive functioning (e.g., working memory, cognitive flexibility, and self-monitoring), while disengagement coping was correlated with poorer executive functioning.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Directions of Future Research and Application > Coping and cognitive function
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Campbell et al. (2009)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The ability of children to use some of the complex coping strategies, such as cognitive reappraisal and acceptance, may depend on the healthy development of regions of the prefrontal cortex and these brain regions may be vulnerable to disease and treatment processes (Compas, 2006).”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Directions of Future Research and Application > Coping and cognitive function
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Compas, 2006
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is possible that active or primary control strategies such as problem solving represent a good fit for some sources of stress, such as problems related to missing school or changes in treatment regimen, and a poor fit to others, such as feeling different from peers.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with cancer
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Hocking and colleagues (2011) measured executive function and attention regulation in youth with RAP and found that children’s ability to use selective attention made them more likely to use secondary control coping strategies to cope with abdominal pain, thereby reducing anxiety.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Directions of Future Research and Application > Coping and cognitive function
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hocking and colleagues (2011)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“impairments in brain development that impede the development of effective coping skills could further compound their risk for emotional and behavioral problems.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Directions of Future Research and Application > Coping and cognitive function
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Findings from recent studies with preventive interventions have provided promising evidence that interventions can improve children’s coping skills and that these changes are important mediators of mental health outcomes in high-risk populations (Compas et al. 2010; Tein et al. 2004, 2006).”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Directions of Future Research and Application > Interventions to enhance coping skills
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Compas et al. 2010
- Not checked yetcites Tein et al. 2004, 2006
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“some studies have suggested that adolescents may use more cognitive control coping strategies (Worchel et al., 1987) and secondary control coping (Weisz et al., 1994), which may be due to the cognitive resources needed to employ these types of coping strategies.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Directions of Future Research and Application > Understanding developmental differences in coping with chronic illness
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Worchel et al., 1987
- Not checked yetcites Weisz et al., 1994
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“greater secondary control coping at baseline was related to greater increases in peak expiratory flow rate, an important marker of pulmonary function, and a greater likelihood of physician contact over the following year.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Directions of Future Research and Application > Enhancing methodological rigor
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Schreier & Chen (2008)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The empirical studies reviewed provide valid and reliable evidence about the relationships between coping and adjustment in children and adolescents with chronic illness.
“Recent findings support a control-based model of coping that includes primary control or active coping (efforts to act on the source of stress or one’s emotions), secondary control or accommodative coping (efforts to adapt to the source of stress), and disengagement or passive coping (efforts to avoid or deny the stressor).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Findings from studies of specific chronic illnesses (e.g., cancer, diabetes, recurrent abdominal pain) generalize to children and adolescents with chronic illness more broadly.
“Evidence suggests the efficacy of secondary control coping in successful adaptation to chronic illness in children and adolescents”
The paper relies on this without support.
The self-report measures of coping used in the reviewed studies accurately reflect children's and adolescents' actual coping efforts.
“However, little or no data have been reported that directly address this issue.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The different coping measures used across the reviewed studies assess sufficiently comparable constructs to allow synthesis of their findings.
“Four studies using the RSQ have shown that secondary control coping (e.g., acceptance, cognitive reappraisal, distraction) is associated with lower levels of somatic complaints and symptoms of anxiety and depression (Compas et al. 2006; Dufton et al. 2011; Hocking et al. 2011; Thomsen et al. 2002).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Childhood chronic illnesses are a significant source of stress for the ill child, siblings, and parents.
“Childhood illnesses represent significant stress for affected children, their siblings and their parents.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Chronic illnesses affect people continuously across development from early childhood through adolescence.
“Chronic illnesses affect individuals over the course of development from early childhood through adolescence.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Engaged coping (e.g., problem solving, cognitive restructuring) is proven to be more effective for good psychosocial adjustment, including anxiety and depression, than disengaged or passive coping (e.g., self-criticism, social withdrawal; Compas et al., 2012; Edgar & Skinner, 2003).”
From Online psychosocial group intervention for parents: Positive effects on anxiety and depression. (2021) · cites this paper as Compas et al., 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This way of coping with adversity is more and more acknowledged to be related to a good adjustment to chronic illness [17-22].”
From Cognitive behavior therapy in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: The role of illness acceptance and neuroticism. (2013) · cites this paper as [17]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“cross-sectional studies indicate that acceptance plays a role in adjustment to chronic illnesses, amongst which CFS and that acceptance has been found to be associated with a better mental health-related quality of life (MQoL) [17, 27, 29-31].”
From Cognitive behavior therapy in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: The role of illness acceptance and neuroticism. (2013) · cites this paper as [17]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“The continued expression of strong emotions or feelings, like anger, love through closeness and sexual intimacy was identified as important (1, 7, 13, 16, 20).”
From Patients experiences of maintaining mental well-being and hope within motor neuron disease: a thematic synthesis (2015) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Much of these strategies could be considered within secondary control or accommodative coping which includes adapting to stress by reappraisal, acceptance, distraction and positive thinking and, to a lesser extent, passive or disengagement coping which includes ways to avoid stress (Compas et al., 2012).”
From Patients experiences of maintaining mental well-being and hope within motor neuron disease: a thematic synthesis (2015) · cites this paper as Compas et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“Importantly research has recognized the perceived controllability of a stressor as a crucial dimension which influences a patient's coping response (Compas et al., 2012).”
From Patients experiences of maintaining mental well-being and hope within motor neuron disease: a thematic synthesis (2015) · cites this paper as Compas et al., 2012
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
“Fourteen of the studies presented in Table 1 measured disengagement/passive coping and 11 found it was related to poorer adjustment, 4 found no association with adjustment, and no studies found this type of coping was related to better adjustment.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with cancer
Reported 14 · recomputed 15
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
“Five studies out of 17 found evidence that primary control/active coping was related to better adjustment, three found it was related to poorer adjustment, and five found no relation with adjustment.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with cancer
Reported 17 · recomputed 13
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Five studies out of 17 found evidence that primary control/active coping was related to better adjustment, three found it was related to poorer adjustment, and five found no relation with adjustment.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with cancer
Reported 17 · recomputed 13
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Fourteen of the studies presented in Table 1 measured disengagement/passive coping and 11 found it was related to poorer adjustment, 4 found no association with adjustment, and no studies found this type of coping was related to better adjustment.”
§ Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence > Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence: Empirical Findings > Coping with cancer
Reported 14 · recomputed 15
Citations
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“For example, Hocking and colleagues (2011) measured executive function and attention regulation in youth with RAP and found that children's ability to use selective attention made them more likely to use secondary control coping strategies to cope with abdominal pain, thereby reducing anxiety.”
InfluentialReflections on Coping and Development across the Lifespan
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Metadata
- Authors
- Compas, B. E., Jaser, S. S., Dunn, M. J., & Rodriguez, E. M.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37203;
- Venue
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2012-04-27
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 455-480
- ISSN
- 1548-5943 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-5951
- PMC
- PMC3319320
- OpenAlex
- W2118491250
- Semantic Scholar
- 31ae5538d20b310e981b7e9e0e7daf4097d736ee
- Cited by
- 723
- References
- 121
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 80 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 14
- FWCI
- 14.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (F31MH087059)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA118332, F31CA136284)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K23DK088454, K23 DK88454)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Support in Illness
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare
- Keywords
- chronic disease, children, adolescents, coping, stress, adaptation to illness, primary control, secondary control, disengagement, emotional and behavioral problems, medication adherence, psychological adjustment
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Child, Chronic Disease, Emotions, Humans, Stress, Psychological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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