Cited by 1,878T-cell and B-cell ImmunologyLymphoma Diagnosis and TreatmentImmune Response and Inflammation

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Germinal Centers

Victora, Gabriel D., Nussenzweig, Michel C.·2012·Annual Review of Immunology

DOI 10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075032

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Abstract

Germinal centers (GCs) were described more than 125 years ago as compartments within secondary lymphoid organs that contained mitotic cells. Since then, it has become clear that this structure is the site of B cell clonal expansion, somatic hypermutation, and affinity-based selection, the combination of which results in the production of high-affinity antibodies. Decades of anatomical and functional studies have led to an overall model of how the GC reaction and affinity-based selection operate. More recently, the introduction of intravital imaging into the GC field has opened the door to direct investigation of certain key dynamic features of this microanatomic structure, sparking renewed interest in the relationship between cell movement and affinity maturation. We review these and other recent advances in our understanding of GCs, focusing on cellular dynamics and on the mechanism of selection of high-affinity B cells.

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Authors: Victora, G. D., & Nussenzweig, M. C.
Affiliations: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research (US)
Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
ORCID: Victora, Gabriel D.
Nussenzweig, Michel C.
Venue: Annual Review of Immunology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2012-04-23
Volume: 30
Issue: 1
Pages: 429-457
ISSN: 0732-0582 (ISSN-L)
1545-3278
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075032
OpenAlex: W4246504300
Cited by: 1,878
References: 232
Citations by year: 2026: 107 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 110 · 2022: 178 · 2021: 207 · 2020: 183 · 2019: 155 · 2018: 142 · 2017: 150 · 2016: 141 · 2015: 139 · 2014: 106 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 9.85
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Immunology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Keywords: germinal center, B cell clonal expansion, somatic hypermutation, affinity maturation, high-affinity antibodies, intravital imaging, secondary lymphoid organs, B cell microenvironment
MeSH terms: Animals, B-Lymphocytes, Humans, Self Tolerance, Germinal Center

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