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Cited by 283Marine Plankton and BiogeochemistryOceanographic and Atmospheric ProcessesPaleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils

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Manifestation, Drivers, and Emergence of Open Ocean Deoxygenation

Levin, Lisa A.·2018·Annual Review of Marine Science
DOI 10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063359
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Abstract

Oxygen loss in the ocean, termed deoxygenation, is a major consequence of climate change and is exacerbated by other aspects of global change. An average global loss of 2% or more has been recorded in the open ocean over the past 50-100 years, but with greater oxygen declines in intermediate waters (100-600 m) of the North Pacific, the East Pacific, tropical waters, and the Southern Ocean. Although ocean warming contributions to oxygen declines through a reduction in oxygen solubility and stratification effects on ventilation are reasonably well understood, it has been a major challenge to identify drivers and modifying factors that explain different regional patterns, especially in the tropical oceans. Changes in respiration, circulation (including upwelling), nutrient inputs, and possibly methane release contribute to oxygen loss, often indirectly through stimulation of biological production and biological consumption. Microbes mediate many feedbacks in oxygen minimum zones that can either exacerbate or ameliorate deoxygenation via interacting nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon cycles. The paleo-record reflects drivers of and feedbacks to deoxygenation that have played out through the Phanerozoic on centennial, millennial, and hundred-million-year timescales. Natural oxygen variability has made it difficult to detect the emergence of a climate-forced signal of oxygen loss, but new modeling efforts now project emergence to occur in many areas in 15-25 years. Continued global deoxy…

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Metadata

Authors
Levin, L. A.
Affiliations
Scripps Institution of Oceanography (US)
Corresponding author
Levin, Lisa A.
ORCID
Levin, Lisa A.
Venue
Annual Review of Marine Science
Publisher
Annual Reviews
Published
2018-01-03
Volume
10
Issue
1
Pages
229-260
ISSN
  • 1941-0611 (ISSN-L)
  • 1941-1405
DOI
10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063359
OpenAlex
W2620825114
Cited by
283
References
13
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 12
FWCI
1.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Annual Review of Marine Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) (acceptedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Plankton and Biogeochemistry
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Keywords
ocean deoxygenation, oxygen minimum zone, ocean warming, oxygen solubility, ocean stratification, upwelling, respiration, nutrient inputs, methane emissions, nitrogen cycling, sulfur cycling, carbon cycle, climate change projections, tropical oceans
MeSH terms
Atlantic Ocean, Oxygen, Pacific Ocean, Seawater, Indian Ocean, Climate Change, Aquatic Organisms

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