Cited by 1,201Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalitiesGenome Rearrangement AlgorithmsGenomics and Rare Diseases

Structural Variation in the Human Genome and its Role in Disease

Stankiewicz, Paweł, Lupski, James R.·2010·Annual Review of Medicine

Abstract

During the last quarter of the twentieth century, our knowledge about human genetic variation was limited mainly to the heterochromatin polymorphisms, large enough to be visible in the light microscope, and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified by traditional PCR-based DNA sequencing. In the past five years, the rapid development and expanded use of microarray technologies, including oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization and SNP genotyping arrays, as well as next-generation sequencing with “paired-end” methods, has enabled a whole-genome analysis with essentially unlimited resolution. The discovery of submicroscopic copy-number variations (CNVs) present in our genomes has changed dramatically our perspective on DNA structural variation and disease. It is now thought that CNVs encompass more total nucleotides and arise more frequently than SNPs. CNVs, to a larger extent than SNPs, have been shown to be responsible for human evolution, genetic diversity between individuals, and a rapidly increasing number of traits or susceptibility to traits; such conditions have been referred to as genomic disorders. In addition to well-known sporadic chromosomal microdeletion syndromes and Mendelian diseases, many common complex traits including autism and schizophrenia can result from CNVs. Both recombination- and replication-based mechanisms for CNV formation have been described.

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Crossref · 10.1146/annurev-med-100708-204735

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  • Locus-specific studies suggest that diverse mechanisms form structural variants de novo, with some mechanisms involving complex rearrangements and multiple chromosomal breakpoints.

    “locus-specific studies suggest that diverse mechanisms may form SVs de novo, with some mechanisms involving complex rearrangements resulting in multiple chromosomal breakpoints8,9.”
  • The study focused on characterizing deletions, which are often associated with disease.

    “Our study focused on characterizing deletions, which are often associated with disease9.”

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Authors
Stankiewicz, P., & Lupski, J. R.
Affiliations
  • Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Houston, Texas 77030
  • Baylor College of Medicine (US)
Venue
Annual Review of Medicine
Published
2010-02-01
Volume
61
Issue
1
Pages
437-455
ISSN
  • 0066-4219 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-326X
OpenAlex
W2162212014
Cited by
1,201
References
133
Citations by year
2026: 27 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 70 · 2016: 73 · 2015: 115 · 2014: 101 · 2013: 133 · 2012: 103
FWCI
12.83
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Annual Review of Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genome Rearrangement Algorithms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomics and Rare Diseases
Keywords
structural variants, copy number variation, single nucleotide polymorphisms, genomic disorders, chromosomal microdeletion syndrome, monogenic disorders, complex traits, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, disease susceptibility, human evolution, genetic diversity, recombination, replication
MeSH terms
Humans, Mutation, Phenotype, Genome, Human, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genomic Structural Variation

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