The DOI matches its Crossref record; 203 of the 203 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 130 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective
Open accessAbstract
Sleep has a critical role in promoting health. Research over the past decade has documented that sleep disturbance has a powerful influence on the risk of infectious disease, the occurrence and progression of several major medical illnesses including cardiovascular disease and cancer, and the incidence of depression. Increasingly, the field has focused on identifying the biological mechanisms underlying these effects. This review highlights the impact of sleep on adaptive and innate immunity, with consideration of the dynamics of sleep disturbance, sleep restriction, and insomnia on (a) antiviral immune responses with consequences for vaccine responses and infectious disease risk and (b) proinflammatory immune responses with implications for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and depression. This review also discusses the neuroendocrine and autonomic neural underpinnings linking sleep disturbance and immunity and the reciprocal links between sleep and inflammatory biology. Finally, interventions are discussed as effective strategies to improve sleep, and potential opportunities are identified to promote sleep health for therapeutic control of chronic infectious, inflammatory, and neuropsychiatric diseases.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This review argues that sleep disturbance impairs adaptive immunity and increases inflammation through HPA-axis and sympathetic pathways, linking sleep to infectious disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and depression. It synthesizes evidence that behavioral sleep treatments may reduce inflammatory markers, though mediation by inflammation remains unproven.
Key findings
- Insomnia complaints occur in nearly 25% of the US population, nearly 10% meet diagnostic criteria for chronic insomnia, and insomnia persists for as long as three years in nearly 50% of patients.
- Experimental sleep loss reduces T-cell IL-2 production, shifts Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2, reduces monocyte IL-12, and increases IL-10; partial sleep loss reduced influenza A vaccine response by over 50%, and shorter sleep duration (<6 h) was linked to decreased hepatitis B vaccine protection in 125 midlife adults.
- Sleep loss and short sleep increase inflammatory markers including CRP, IL-6, TNF, IL-1β, and IL-17 via NF-κB and TLR-4 signaling; insomnia with short sleep duration (≤5 h) was associated with a fivefold greater risk of hypertension and a fourfold increased risk of incident hypertension, while persistent insomnia conferred a 14-fold greater risk of depression in the following year.
- Behavioral treatments may reduce inflammation: cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia was associated with 50% lower CRP one year after treatment among those with insomnia remission, and tai chi improved insomnia complaints, augmented herpes zoster vaccine responses, and reduced IL-6.
Methods
- Narrative review of psychoneuroimmunology literature; no primary data collection. It synthesizes human and animal experimental sleep deprivation, naturalistic sleep disturbance, epidemiologic cohorts, vaccine response studies, and behavioral intervention trials.
- Main analysis is a conceptual integration of sleep effects on adaptive and innate immunity, HPA-axis and sympathetic nervous system pathways, inflammatory signaling, and disease outcomes; no formal systematic search or meta-analysis is described.
Limitations
- Stated: no prospective study has systematically evaluated whether elevated inflammation mediates associations between sleep disturbance and cardiovascular disease or cancer, and the prospective role of sleep disturbance in driving inflammation that mediates depression is not known.
- Stated: epidemiologic findings on insomnia and CRP are mixed; no systematic studies have evaluated sedative hypnotics on markers of inflammation, and no randomized controlled trials have assessed whether inflammation is altered with pharmacotherapy of insomnia.
- Evident: as a narrative review, it lacks systematic search, quality appraisal, and quantitative synthesis; heterogeneity in sleep measures, populations, and study designs limits causal inference.
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Claims the paper makes
96 Not checked yet · 22 Own interpretation · 1 No basis given
In the paper
“the nocturnal increase of natural killer (NK) cell activity, a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system, is dependent in part on sleep”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES > Nocturnal Profile of Innate Immunity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kronfol et al. 1997
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sleep has a critical role in promoting health.”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > Abstract
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“activation of the HPA axis releases cortisol that suppresses proinflammatory and antiviral immune responses by three mechanisms”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Psychoneuroimmunologic Pathways of Immune Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Irwin & Cole 2011
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“sleep disturbance has a powerful influence on the risk of infectious disease”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > Abstract
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“compelling evidence that disturbances of sleep including insomnia complaints and extremes of sleep duration adversely influence risk of infectious and inflammatory disease”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dew et al. 2003
- Not checked yetcites Kripke et al. 2002
- Not checked yetcites Mallon et al. 2002
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“sleep plays an important role in the regulation of the adaptive and innate immune responses”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Innate Immunity
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“evidence indicates that sleep disturbance induces a downregulation of adaptive immunity, as indexed by an impaired response to infectious challenge”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Innate Immunity
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
In the paper
“During sleep, blood levels of cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine drop”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Psychoneuroimmunologic Pathways of Immune Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Besedovsky et al. 2012
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Nocturnal sleep also enhances the production of IL-12 by precursor dendritic cells as well as by monocytes”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES > Nocturnal Profile of Adaptive Immunity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lange et al. 2006b
- Not checked yetcites Lange et al. 2010
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“total night sleep deprivation diminishes the increase in IL-6 by about half”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES > Nocturnal Profile of Innate Immunity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vgontzas et al. 1999
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
- Probably not a substantial claim. 1
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sleep influences the two primary effector systems, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which in turn regulate adaptive and innate immune responses.”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Psychoneuroimmunologic Pathways of Immune Regulation
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Substantial evidence shows that behavioral treatments have robust efficacy, with remission of insomnia sustained in the long term”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Irwin et al. 2006a
- Not checked yetcites Morin et al. 2006a
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“GH and prolactin are well known to enhance the proliferation and differentiation of T cells as well as to promote type 1 cytokine activity”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES > Nocturnal Profile of Innate Immunity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lange et al. 2006a
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“certain aspects of immunity are mainly influenced by circadian processes, whereas other immune measures are primarily steered by sleep”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in the aftermath of sleep disruption, such adrenergic signaling is thought to steer inflammatory gene expression and lead to increases in daytime levels of markers of innate immunity and inflammation”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suggest the possibility that short sleep duration might increase infectious disease risk by increasing susceptibility to viral pathogens or expression of symptoms, or both”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE RISK > Sleep Disturbance and Vaccine Responses
hedgedconditionaln = 125- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the effects of sleep loss were persistent for up to one year, with a reduced frequency of antigen-specific Th cells as well reduced levels of antigen Ag-specific immunoglobulin G1”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE RISK > Sleep Disturbance and Vaccine Responses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lange et al. 2011
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Both partial- and total-night sleep deprivation reduce T cell production of IL-2, and this effect is independent of the total number of circulating T cells”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE RISK > Experimental Sleep Loss and Adaptive Immunity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Born et al. 1997 source
- Not checked yetcites Irwin et al. 1996
- Not checked yetcites Irwin et al. 1999
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nocturnal sleep, as described above, serves to prime the immune system to infectious challenge and to induce nocturnal activation of inflammatory signaling.”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In experimental studies in which healthy adults are inoculated with a rhinovirus that produces symptoms of the common cold, poor sleep efficiency was associated with increased susceptibility to the common cold and greater symptom reporting”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE RISK > Sleep Disturbance and Infectious Disease
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cohen et al. 2009
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Yet, in a vulnerable population of individuals who report chronic sleep disturbance, a single night of sleep loss triggers an activation of inflammation with increases in IL-6 and TNF, which is not found in those who have no underlying sleep problems (Irwin et al. 2004).”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS > Experimental Sleep Loss, Innate Immunity, and Inflammation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Irwin et al. 2004
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Patel et al. (2009) found that each additional hour of sleep duration resulted in an increase in CRP and an increase in IL-6, whereas a shorter sleep duration was associated with an increase in TNF.”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS > Naturalistic Sleep Disturbance and Inflammation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Patel et al. 2009
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“with recent findings indicating that sleep disturbance has a critical role in mediating the association between depressive symptoms and hypertension incidence (Gangwisch et al. 2010) as well as all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality (Azevedo Da Silva et al. 2014)”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS > Sleep Disturbance, Sleep Duration, and Cardiovascular Disease
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gangwisch et al. 2010
- Not checked yetcites Azevedo Da Silva et al. 2014
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Suarez (2008) found that overall poor sleep quality was associated with increases inflammatory biomarkers, but only for women”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS > Naturalistic Sleep Disturbance and Inflammation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Suarez 2008
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“During NREM or SWS, sympathetic activity is decreased; during REM sleep, SNS outflow is higher, similar to daytime levels (Somers et al. 1993).”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS > Sympathetic Mechanisms Linking Sleep Disturbance and Inflammation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Somers et al. 1993
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Immunologic response to vaccination is a valid proxy for infectious disease risk.
“Research on the effects of sleep loss on vaccine responses provides a translational perspective on the sleep-related changes in adaptive immunity by identifying clinically relevant endpoints related to infectious disease risk including immunologic response to vaccination.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Findings from experimental sleep deprivation in healthy adults generalize to naturalistic sleep disturbance and clinical populations.
“In humans, partial sleep deprivation mimics the ubiquitous sleep disturbance found in persons exposed to social adversity or who are aged and most vulnerable to infectious diseases.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Sleep of adequate duration and quality is important for good human physical and mental health.97–100”
From The 2024 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: facing record-breaking threats from delayed action (2024) · cites this paper as [100]
In the citing paper
“Hence, the findings of increased TNF production in the morning after sleep deprivation by Irwin et al. (256) may reflect a rebound effect of sleep, as participants were allowed to sleep in the second night half before blood was collected in the morning.”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [256]
In the citing paper
“Intracellular IL-6 production was not altered acutely during sleep compared with nocturnal wakefulness (147), but was increased in the morning after one night of partial sleep loss in healthy humans (89, 256, 262, 264).”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [256]
In the citing paper
“Following sleep deprivation in the first night half, TNF production in monocytes and TNF mRNA were shown to be increased in the morning (256, 262, 264).”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [256]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES > Nocturnal Profile of Adaptive Immunity
“levels of IL-2 are similar during a night of uninterrupted sleep or partial sleep loss”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE RISK > Experimental Sleep Loss and Adaptive Immunity
“Both partial- and total-night sleep deprivation reduce T cell production of IL-2”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP: ASSESSMENT OF SLEEP AND INSOMNIA > Sleep Characteristics
“sleep efficiency or the ratio of wake time to time in bed”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SUMMARY POINTS
“Sleep deprivation and naturalistic disturbance of sleep (i.e., short sleep duration or reduced sleep efficiency) impair adaptive immunity”
Citations
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“Partial-night sleep deprivation induces an increase in TLR-4-stimulated production of IL-6 and TNF, which is especially prominent in women who show sustained elevations ADRB2 TLR4 Circulation SNS nerve fibers Cardiovascular disease Major depressive disorder Cancer NF-κB Expression of proinflammatory immune response ge…”
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“One example is the Insomnia Severity Index, which assesses sleep quality, fatigue, psychological symptoms, and quality of life, with a high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of insomnia cases (Morin et al. 2011).”
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Ohayon, M. M. (2002) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2002.0186 · Cited by 3,743 · cited 1×
“…about 25% of the population of the United States report insomnia complaints (LeBlanc et al. 2009), and nearly 10% fulfill diagnostic criteria for chronic insomnia (Morin et al. 2006b; Ohayon 1996, 2002), which is persistent for as long as three years in nearly 50% of patients (Morin et al. 2009).”
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“Transcription factor binding motifs that were overrepresented in the sleep-deprivation condition included the promoters of genes involved in regulation by cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA)-induced transcription factors of the cAMP response element–binding protein/activating transcription facto…”
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“…the role of insomnia in the onset of depression (for a review, see Riemann 2010), with meta-analytic findings showing that sleep disturbance yields a twofold increased risk of depression (Baglioni et al. 2011) or is one of the first clinical signs of a depressive disorder (Dryman & Eaton 1991).”
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Cited by
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García, V. G., Exertier, M., & Denis, A. (2021) · European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1016/j.ejtd.2021.100225 · Cited by 22
“Together, containment measures, lack of privacy, and the pandemic can cause particularly intense anxiety that affects sleep (Geoffroy, Tebeka, Blanco, Dubertret & Le Strat, 2020; Irwin, 2015).”
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Circadian Rhythm Effects on the Molecular Regulation of Physiological Systems
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Inflammatory Exposure and Depression in Older Adults With Insomnia
Irwin, M. R., Boyle, C. C., Cho, H. J., Piber, D., Sadeghi, N., Castillo, D., Smith, M. T., Eisenberger, N. I., & Olmstead, R. (2025) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2025.1327 · Cited by 19
Self-citationColorectal Cancer Anatomical Site and Sleep Quality
Ton, M., Watson, N. F., Sillah, A., Malen, R. C., Labadie, J., Reedy, A. M., Cohen, S. A., Burnett‐Hartman, A. N., Newcomb, P. A., & Phipps, A. I. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13112578 · Cited by 18
“Healthy sleep promotes a healthy immune system, which is important in the cancer continuum, including mortality, recurrence, or second primaries [27].”
BackgroundBentley, T. G. K., Castillo, D., Sadeghi, N., Piber, D., Carroll, J., Olmstead, R. E., & Irwin, M. R. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-022-07619-w · Cited by 17
Self-citationWang, G., Wang, J., Lin, C.-H., Zhou, Q., Wang, W., Qin, T., Li, X., & Wang, Z. (2022) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology · doi:10.21037/jgo-22-682 · Cited by 16
“Several theories have been postulated to explain the potential role of sleep duration in carcinogenesis, including its influence on immune function regulation, oxidative stress, insulin metabolism, and circadian rhythms mediated by alterations in melatonin secretion (22,45,46) .”
Walsh, N. P., KASHI, D. S., Edwards, J. P., Richmond, C., Oliver, S. J., Roberts, R., Izard, R. M., Jackson, S., & Greeves, J. P. (2022) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsac222 · Cited by 18
“Sleep restriction influences immunity by activating the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous-system [13].”
BackgroundHofman, A., Voortman, T., Ikram, M. A., & Luik, A. I. (2022) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2022.06.009 · Cited by 20
“Perceived poor sleep quality is common in middle-aged and older adults and improving sleep quality has been suggested as an important factor in promoting general health.(1,2) Increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior might improve sleep quality,(3,4) but these behaviors have mainly been studied as s…”
BackgroundCai, L., Wei, L., Yao, J., Qin, Y., You, Y., Xu, L., Tang, J., & Chen, W. (2022) · General Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/gpsych-2022-100918 · Cited by 17
Shu, Y., Liao, N., Fang, F., Shi, Q., Yan, N., & Hu, Y. (2023) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-023-03169-8 · Cited by 16
Cui, C., & Wang, L. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1310118 · Cited by 18
Zang, W., Liu, N., Wu, J., Wu, J., Guo, B., Xiao, N., Fang, M., Liu, Z., Zhang, Y., Wei, X., et al. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119679 · Cited by 18
Effect of late bedtime on salivary glucose and abdominal obesity in children
Alqaderi, H. E., Redline, S. S., Tavares, M. A., & Goodson, J. M. (2017) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1007/s41105-017-0105-y · Cited by 16
Efficacy and Placebo Response of Multimodal Treatments for Primary Insomnia: A Network Meta-Analysis
Jiang, B., He, D., & Gao, Z. (2019) · Clinical Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1097/wnf.0000000000000369 · Cited by 16
“The diagnostic prevalence rises to almost 50% of the population, and insomnia poses substantial risks for the development of cardiovascular, cancer, and mental disorders.(2,3) Primary treatments, such as cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), benzodiazepines, and benzodiazepine-receptor agonists, have been…”
BackgroundDeng, X., Terunuma, H., & Nieda, M. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9050557 · Cited by 18
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo a systematic review of the effects of comorbidities
Alolayet, H., & Murdin, L. J. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1595693 · Cited by 15
“Sleep deprivation is associated with increased vestibulo-ocular reflex asymmetry, neuroendocrine dysfunction, and inflammation of vestibular neurons, which are suggested to play a crucial role in the occurrence of BPPV (92, 93).”
Tsai, D., Chen, H., Leu, H., et al. (2019) · Acta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1111/aos.14238 · Cited by 15
“…underlying mechanism for the relationship between insomnia and cardiovascular disease is not fully understood, increased systemic inflammation has been suggested as one of the possible intermediate mechanisms (Liukkonen et al. 2007; Irwin 2015; Parthasarathy et al. 2015; Javaheri & Redline 2017).”
BackgroundSemsar, N., Mousavi, Z. A., Tran, M.-L. M., & Kuhlman, K. R. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105306 · Cited by 16
“Sleep disturbance is a transdiagnostic risk factor and contributor to chronic diseases and additional disease vulnerability (Irwin, 2015).”
BackgroundZhang, J., Zhang, X., Zhang, K., Lu, X., Yuan, G., Yang, H., Guo, H., Zhu, Z., Wang, T., Hao, J., et al. (2022) · Polish Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.33073/pjm-2022-021 · Cited by 15
A brief nap during an acute stressor improves negative affect
Wofford, N., Ceballos, N., Elkins, G., & Westerberg, C. E. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13701 · Cited by 12
“scious and inactive is costly, failing to get sufficient high-quality sleep has dire effects on physiological and psychological health (Goldstein & Walker, 2014; Irwin, 2015).”
BackgroundChaisilprungraung, T., Stekl, E. K., Thomas, C. L., Blanchard, M. E., Hughes, J., Balkin, T. J., & Doty, T. J. (2022) · SLEEP Advances · doi:10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac034 · Cited by 17
Discrimination and Sleep: Differential Effects by Type and Coping Strategy
Majeno, A., Molina, K. M., Frisard, C., Lemon, S. C., & Rosal, M. C. (2022) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaac071 · Cited by 16
Andersson, E., Kander, T., Werner, M. U., Cho, J. H., Kosek, E., & Bjurström, M. F. (2023) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000001061 · Cited by 15
Wang, Y., Li, X., Zhang, Y., Ma, Y., Xu, S., Shuai, Z., Pan, F., & Cai, G. (2023) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.25127 · Cited by 15
“The effect of sleep disturbance on pain may be due to its negative role in innate immunity and in fl ammatory biology (34 – 36), which has been found to be associated with the progression of both knee symptoms and structural damage (37).”
Kosendiak, A. A., Adamczak, B. B., Kuźnik, Z., & Makles, S. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16020278 · Cited by 19
“In the long term, these disturbances may contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases [20].”
BackgroundLi, L., Zhang, Y., Fan, M., & Cao, B. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01719-4 · Cited by 20
“Numbers of existing studies indicated that poor and inadequate sleep negatively impacts cognitive and physical functioning, and sleep has a critical role in promoting health and health perception [30–32].”
BackgroundShang, Q., Zhou, J., Yao, J., Feng, C., Lou, H., & Cong, D. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1321860 · Cited by 16
What radio waves tell us about sleep!
He, H., Li, C., Ganglberger, W., Gallagher, K., Hristov, R., Ouroutzoglou, M., Sun, H., Sun, J., Westover, M. B., & Katabi, D. (2024) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsae187 · Cited by 18
“Sleep is implicated in almost all neurological diseases and inflammatory conditions [1, 2] Sleep alterations in patients with depression include reduced REM latency and increased REM density [3, 4], and popular depression drugs, such as SSRI and SNRI, counter these effects increasing REM latency…”
The Hidden Dangers of Sedentary Living: Insights into Molecular, Cellular, and Systemic Mechanisms
Diniz, D. G., Bento‐Torres, J., da Costa, V. O., Carvalho, J. P. R., Tomás, A. M., de Oliveira, T. C. G., Soares, F. C., de Macedo, L. D. E. D., Jardim, N. Y. V., Bento-Torres, N. V. O., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms251910757 · Cited by 19
“Sleep disturbances can also exacerbate inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which are detrimental to brain health [188,189].”
BackgroundBarone, D. A., & Krieger, A. C. (2015) · AIMS neuroscience · doi:10.3934/neuroscience.2015.2.71 · Cited by 23
“Concomitantly, loss of sleep induces an activation of sympathetic outflow, and the adrenergic signaling is thought to affect inflammatory gene expression and lead to increases in daytime levels of markers of innate immunity and inflammation [106].”
BackgroundInfluentialde Zambotti, M., Trinder, J. C., Javitz, H. S., Colrain, I. M., & Baker, F. C. (2016) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000000754 · Cited by 15
Spratling, R. G., & Lee, J. (2019) · Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/jspn.12275 · Cited by 15
The immune-sleep crosstalk in inflammatory bowel disease
Eissa, N., Mujawar, Q. M., Alabdoulsalam, T., Zohni, S., & El‐Matary, W. (2020) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2020.04.020 · Cited by 15
He, L., Yang, N., Ping, F., Xu, L., Li, W., Li, Y., & Zhang, H. (2020) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s265465 · Cited by 15
Tucker, J. A., Osann, K., Hsieh, S., Wahi, A., Monk, B. J., Wenzel, L. B., & Nelson, E. L. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-020-09950-0 · Cited by 19
He, J., Yang, L., Pang, J., Dai, L., Zhu, J., Deng, Y., He, Y., & Li, H. (2021) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-021-02350-y · Cited by 15
Paradoxical sleep deprivation induces oxidative stress in the submandibular glands of Wistar rats
Lasisi, T. J., Shittu, S.-T. T., Abeje, J. I., et al. (2021) · Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0178 · Cited by 15
Proserpio, P., Zambrelli, E., Lanza, A., Dominese, A., Giacomo, R. D., Quintas, R. M. M., Tramacere, I., Rubino, A., Turner, K., Colosio, C., et al. (2022) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-021-05813-y · Cited by 16
“Finally, management of sleep disorders (such as through cognitive-behavioral strategies) [32] should be recommended considering the impact of sleep not only on well-being and mental health but also on the waking performance and on the immunological system [8].”
BackgroundWang, J., Chen, X., Men, X., Chen, M., Tao, J., & Lu, Z. (2020) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s239030 · Cited by 14
Sleep time and duration are associated with periodontitis in a representative sample of Koreans
Han, D., Kim, M., Kim, S., Yoo, J., & Shen, J. J. (2021) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1002/jper.20-0252 · Cited by 15
Setayesh, L., Yarizadeh, H., Majidi, N., Mehranfar, S., Amini, A., Himmerich, H., Casazza, K., & Mirzaei, K. (2021) · International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research · doi:10.1024/0300-9831/a000723 · Cited by 15
Sleep disturbance and suicide risk among sexual and gender minority people
Dolsen, E. A., Byers, A. L., Flentje, A., Goulet, J. L., Jasuja, G. K., Lynch, K. E., Maguen, S., & Neylan, T. C. (2022) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100488 · Cited by 15
Implications of sleep disorders for periodontitis
Chen, L., Wang, N., Jinmei, Z., & Yang, J. (2022) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-022-02769-x · Cited by 14
“Sleep loss affects its restorative role for the immune system [13].”
BackgroundPsoriatic Insomnia: A Subjective and Objective Sleep Evaluation
Vlami, K., Pantelidi, K., Dalamaga, Μ., Karagianni, F., Theodoropoulos, K., Papiris, S. A., & Papadavid, E. (2023) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.2340/actadv.v103.4507 · Cited by 16
“Normal skin function is influenced by sleep, while healthy sleep exerts an immune-supportive function, promoting host defence against inflammatory insults (5).”
BackgroundAutomated Sleep Staging on Wearable EEG Enables Sleep Analysis at Scale
Jaoude, M. A., Ravi, A., Niu, J., Banville, H. J., Torres, N. F., & Aimone, C. (2023) · International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering · doi:10.1109/ner52421.2023.10123829 · Cited by 14
Johnson, K. T., Zawadzki, M. J., & Kho, C. (2024) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2024.04.003 · Cited by 16
“2,45,48 Understanding the relationship between daily lone-liness experience and sleep may aid in the development of interventions targeting these behaviors to improve mental well-being, physical health, and quality of life.”
Zhao, H., Jia, H., Jiang, Y., Suo, C., Liu, Z., Chen, X., & Xu, K. (2024) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2024.117168 · Cited by 15
Improved sleep stage predictions by deep learning of photoplethysmogram and respiration patterns
Kazemi, K., Abiri, A., Zhou, Y., Rahmani, A. M., Khayat, R., Liljeberg, P., & Khine, M. (2024) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108679 · Cited by 18
Ibarra‐Coronado, E., Pérez‐Torres, A., Pantaleón-Martínez, A. M., Velázquez‐Moctezuma, J., Rodríguez‐Mata, V., & Morales‐Montor, J. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep45528 · Cited by 15
Dysregulation of Circadian Rhythm Gene Expression in Cystic Fibrosis Mice
Barbato, E. S., Mianzo, H., Litman, P., & Darrah, R. J. (2019) · Journal of Circadian Rhythms · doi:10.5334/jcr.175 · Cited by 13
Li, P., Bing, D., Wang, S., Chen, J., Du, Z., Sun, Y., Qi, F., Zhang, Y., & Chu, H. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.01297 · Cited by 14
“One potential reason for this might be that repeated SD disrupted homeostasis, accompanied by disorders in a variety of defense mechanisms, including immunological malfunction (Chao et al., 2011; Irwin, 2015) and autophagy system disorder.”
BackgroundMethodÖberg, S., Johansson, L., Sandberg, J., Johansson, P., & Broström, A. (2020) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/jcn.0000000000000626 · Cited by 14
Sleep‐disordered breathing in cystic fibrosis
Jagpal, S. K., Jobanputra, A. M., Ahmed, O., Santiago, T. V., & Ramagopal, M. (2020) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.25028 · Cited by 17
Szovák, E., Varga, K., Pelyva, I. Z., Soós, R., Jeges, S., Kívés, Z., & Tóth, Á. L. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17249201 · Cited by 15
“Sleep quality has a critical role in promoting health since sleep disturbance has a powerful influence on the risk of depression [29].”
BackgroundHealthcare workers' sleep quality after COVID‐19 infection: A cross‐sectional study
Bozan, Ö., Atış, Ş. E., Çekmen, B., Şentürk, M., & Kalkan, A. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.14772 · Cited by 14
Cho, H. J., Kremer, S., & Young, J. (2021) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-021-00220-3 · Cited by 15
Sleep, Positive Affect, and Circulating Interleukin-6 in Women With Temporomandibular Joint Disorder
Hunt, C., Mun, C. J., Owens, M. A., Lerman, S. F., Kunatharaju, S., Tennen, H. A., Buenaver, L. F., Campbell, C. M., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Smith, M. T., et al. (2022) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001047 · Cited by 14
“Cautiously, one of many possibilities is that the increased sympathetic outflow characteristic of poor sleep (66) and observed in patients with TMD (67) counteracts PA’s dampening of sympathetic nervous system activity (68), enhancement of parasympathetic activity (69), and restorative influence (70).”
BackgroundBedford, L. E., Tang, E. H. M., Dong, W., Wong, C. K. H., Tse, E. T. Y., Ng, A. P. P., Cheung, B. M. Y., Wu, T., Yu, E. Y. T., & Lam, C. L. K. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058169 · Cited by 14
Sedative Effect ofSophora flavescensand Matrine
Lee, H.-J., Lee, S., Jang, D., Chung, S.-Y., & Shim, I. (2017) · Biomolecules & Therapeutics · doi:10.4062/biomolther.2016.156 · Cited by 14
“A continuous transition from wake period to non-rapid eye movement (NREM) followed by rapid eye movement (REM) occurred (Irwin, 2015).”
BackgroundDetermining Resident Sleep During and After Call With Commercial Sleep Monitoring Devices
Morhardt, D. R., Luckenbaugh, A. N., Goldstein, C. A., & Faerber, G. J. (2017) · Urology · doi:10.1016/j.urology.2017.03.059 · Cited by 14
Effects of acute lying and sleep deprivation on the behavior of lactating dairy cows
Kull, J. A., Proudfoot, K. L., Pighetti, G. M., Bewley, J. M., O’Hara, B. F., Donohue, K. D., & Krawczel, P. D. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212823 · Cited by 15
“Sleep is divided into two main vigilant states: non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (Irwin, 2015).”
BackgroundBoggero, I. A., Krietsch, K. N., Pickerill, H. M., Byars, K. C., Homan, K. J., Williams, S. E., & King, C. D. (2021) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000936 · Cited by 14
Trait positive affect buffers the association between experimental sleep disruption and inflammation
Hunt, C., Smith, M. T., Mun, C. J., Irwin, M. R., & Finan, P. H. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105240 · Cited by 16
Self-citationFactors Associated With Myocardial Infarction Reoccurrence
Abel, W. M., Scanlan, L. N., Horne, C. E., & Crane, P. B. (2021) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/jcn.0000000000000796 · Cited by 13
“Furthermore, data from studies suggest that depression may be related to obesity,(49,50) inflammation,(51,52) and insufficient sleep.(53,54) Similarly, in the current study, MIR was significantly related to depression, inflammation, and sleep, whereas obesity was only significantly associated with race.”
BackgroundMetabolic Disturbances Induced by Sleep Restriction as Potential Triggers for Alzheimer’s Disease
García‐Aviles, J. E., Méndez‐Hernández, R., Guzmán‐Ruiz, M. A., Cruz, M., Guerrero‐Vargas, N. N., Velázquez‐Moctezuma, J., & Hurtado‐Alvarado, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2021.722523 · Cited by 17
“In humans, REM sleep and NREM sleep alternate throughout the sleep period (Roffwarg et al., 1966; Saper et al., 2001; Fuller et al., 2006; Irwin, 2015).”
BackgroundSleep during travel balances individual sleep needs
Jonasdottir, S. S., Bagrow, J. P., & Lehmann, S. (2022) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-022-01291-0 · Cited by 13
Impact of Sleep on Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review
Sum‐Ping, O., & Geng, Y. (2022) · Heart and Mind · doi:10.4103/hm.hm_29_22 · Cited by 16
Carroll, J., Olmstead, R. E., Cole, S. W., Breen, E. C., Arevalo, J. M. G., & Irwin, M. R. (2023) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-023-00741-5 · Cited by 13
Self-citationLi, J. (2023) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115862 · Cited by 13
Yang, X. N., Tang, J. Y., Zhang, M., He, Y., Fu, J., & Ding, F. (2023) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106222 · Cited by 16
“Epidemiological studies conducted on large populations have consistently demonstrated a strong association between chronic sleep disturbance and the development of various neurological diseases, including dementia, stroke, emotional disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases [11-14] .”
BackgroundAlkhaldi, E. H., Battar, S., Alsuwailem, S. I., Almutairi, K. S., Alshamari, W. K., & Alkhaldi, A. H. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.41638 · Cited by 15
“Introduction Studies conducted over the last decade have shown that poor sleep quality is associated with an increased risk of serious medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease and cancer and an increased likelihood of developing depression [1].”
BackgroundImpact of sleep deprivation on aperiodic activity: a resting-state EEG study
Bai, D., Hu, J., Jülich, S. T., & Lei, X. (2024) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00304.2024 · Cited by 15
Immunotherapy in Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Status and Future Directions
Vashisth, K., Sharma, S., Ghosh, S., Babu, M. A., Ghosh, S., Iqbal, D., Kamal, M., Almutary, A. G., Jha, S. K., Ojha, S. K., et al. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-230603 · Cited by 13
“Lackofsleephasbeendemonstratedtohaveadele-terious impact on the immune system, resulting in decreased cytokine production, altered T-cell function, and decreased activation of natural killer cells [123].”
Sleep, inflammation, and perception of sad facial emotion: A laboratory-based study in older adults
Piber, D., Eisenberger, N. I., Olmstead, R., Cho, H. J., Breen, E. C., Boyle, C. C., Karmarkar, E. N., Guzman, M., Kim, H., & Irwin, M. R. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.06.011 · Cited by 13
Self-citationThe emergence of resilience: Recovery trajectories in sleep functioning after a major stressor.
Gucciardi, D. F., Lang, J. W. B., Lines, R. L. J., Chapman, M. T., Ducker, K. J., Peeling, P., Crane, M. F., Ntoumanis, N., Parker, S. K., Thøgersen‐Ntoumani, C., et al. (2021) · Sport Exercise and Performance Psychology · doi:10.1037/spy0000268 · Cited by 15
“We focus on sleep as a broad category of resilient functioning in this study because of the wide-ranging effects of this behavior on physical and mental health (Firth et al., 2020; Irwin, 2015; Yin et al., 2017).”
BackgroundChronodisruption and Ambulatory Circadian Monitoring in Cancer Patients: Beyond the Body Clock
Pagán, P., Torrente, M., Campos, M., Provencio, M., Madrid, J. A., Franco, F., Morilla, B. R., Cantos, B., Sousa, P., Martínez-Madrid, M. J., et al. (2022) · Current Oncology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11912-021-01158-z · Cited by 15
Piber, D., Olmstead, R., Cho, J. H., Guzman, M., & Irwin, M. R. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291722000113 · Cited by 15
“Indeed, both experimentally induced as well as naturally occurring disturbances of sleep maintenance have previously been shown to activate inflammatory pathways at transcriptional, cellular, and systemic levels (Irwin, 2015; Irwin & Opp, 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRelationship between circadian genes and memory impairment caused by sleep deprivation
Ke, P., Zheng, C., Liu, F., Wu, L., Tang, Y., Wu, Y., Lv, D., Chen, H., Qian, L., Wu, X., et al. (2022) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.13165 · Cited by 15
“In addition, SD also suppresses immune and cardiovascular functions ( Irwin, 2015 ).”
Kosendiak, A. A., Adamczak, B. B., Kontek, S., Kuźnik, Z., Roman, M., Gostkowski, M., & Niedziółka, A. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20032406 · Cited by 15
“It can also reduce a response to vaccines and cause an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases [24], which created a significant threat during the SARS-CoV-2 virus spread.”
BackgroundMelatonin-Induced Oncostasis, Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance
Cardinali, D. P., & Escames, G. (2016) · Journal of Integrative Oncology · doi:10.4172/2329-6771.s1-006 · Cited by 13
“Sleep loss can be followed by immunosuppression thus impacting on the course of the disease [169,170,176,177].”
BackgroundSleep duration and midlife women’s health
Pines, A. (2017) · Climacteric · doi:10.1080/13697137.2017.1335702 · Cited by 13
Tang, J., Yan, Y., Zheng, J., Mi, J., & Li, D. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10030344 · Cited by 16
Changes in Brain Functional Networks of Insomniacs Induced by Magnetic Stimulation at Acupoints
Zheng, W., Yu, H., Ding, W., Guo, L., Xu, G., & Yin, N. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity · doi:10.1109/tasc.2018.2882069 · Cited by 13
“Insomnia can affect the quality of life, serious may lead to mental disorders including anxiety and depression, and even suicide [3], [4].”
BackgroundJiang, B., He, D., Guo, Z., & Gao, Z. (2020) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12997 · Cited by 13
“Populated-based estimates indicate that about one-third of adults report insomnia symptoms, and chronicity rates range from 45% to 75%, and insomnia disorder poses substantial risks for the development of cardiovascular, cancer and mental disorders (Chung et al., 2015; Irwin, 2015).”
BackgroundHurley, S. E., Goldberg, D. E., Behren, J. V., DeHart, J. C., Wang, S., & Reynolds, P. (2020) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-020-01349-2 · Cited by 13
Sin, N. L., Rush, J., Buxton, O. M., & Almeida, D. M. (2021) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaab018 · Cited by 14
“Sleep duration, emotions, and their dynamic relationship may be related to pathways that underlie a variety of chronic conditions, including immune [53], neuroendocrine [54], and cardiometabolic mechanisms [13], as well as the psychosocial and behavioral mechanisms described below.”
Backgroundda Cunha, C. E. X., Moreira, M. M. G., Castro, L. R., de Oliveira, L. B. B., de Carvalho, A. D. S., de Souza, A. M. A., & Ribeiro, M. V. M. R. (2021) · Brazilian Journal of Health Review · doi:10.34119/bjhrv4n2-409 · Cited by 14
The vicious interplay between disrupted sleep and malignant brain tumors: a narrative review
Orešković, D., Kaštelančić, A., Raguž, M., Dlaka, D., Predrijevac, N., Matec, D., Matec, M., Tomac, D., Jeleč, V., Marinović, T., et al. (2021) · Croatian Medical Journal · doi:10.3325/cmj.2021.62.376 · Cited by 13
“Indeed, patients with disrupted sleep have been found to have a higher prevalence of several diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders (21), cognitive impairment (22), various metabolic disorders and obesity (23,24), and systemic and local inflammation (25,26).”
Basta, M., Belogianni, C., Yannakoulia, M., Zaganas, I. V., Panagiotakis, S. H., Simos, P. G., & Vgontzas, A. N. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10010143 · Cited by 14
Wang, J., Meng, N., Chen, K., Huang, X., Feng, L., Yang, C., Li, Z., & Sun, X. (2024) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/2024/5586123 · Cited by 14
“Sleep disturbances can weaken immune system function [24], trigger in fl ammatory responses, and affect neuroendocrine regulation [25], exacer-bating FGIDs.”
Li, G., Liu, H., He, Y., Hu, Z., Gu, Y., Li, Y., Ye, Y., & Hu, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.895852 · Cited by 13
Irwin, M. R., Boyle, C. C., Cho, H. J., Piber, D., Breen, E. C., Sadeghi, N., Castillo, D., Smith, M. T., Eisenberger, N. I., & Olmstead, R. (2023) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100601 · Cited by 13
“We have pioneered the use of cellular and genomic methods to evaluate the upstream molecular pathways that are regulated by sleep; sleep loss induces inflammatory gene expression(Irwin et al., 2006), activates the inflammatory transcription factor, NF-κB (Irwin et al., 2008), and activates signal transducer and activa…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationGou, F., Zhong, X., & Jiao, H. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000033926 · Cited by 12
“[13] Good sleep plays an important role in promoting health.[14] Good sleep can promote the synthesis of growth hormones, promote human growth and development, and regulate energy metabolism and appetite.”
BackgroundWang, B., Fan, Y., Wang, X., Zeng, X., Zeng, S., Jia, H., Li, Y., & Dai, C. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19319-7 · Cited by 12
“For instance, chronic sleep disturbances can disrupt hormonal balance and promote inflammation, both implicated in the pathogenesis of depression [11].”
BackgroundEffects of active video games on mental health among college students: a systematic review
Zhao, Y., Soh, K. G., Saad, H. A., Rong, W., Liu, C., & Wang, X. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-21011-9 · Cited by 24
Association between migraine severity and sleep quality: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Almansour, N., Alsalamah, S., Alsubaie, R. S., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1529213 · Cited by 12
The effects of personal comfort systems on sleep: A systematic review
Xu, X., Zhang, H., Schiavon, S., Lian, Z., Parkinson, T., & Lo, J. C.-Y. (2025) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2025.115474 · Cited by 12
Sleep Characteristics and Long-Term Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Women With Gestational Diabetes
Yin, X., Bao, W., Ley, S. H., Yang, J., Cuffe, S. B., Yu, G., Chavarro, J. E., Liu, P., Zhou, J. H., Tobias, D. K., et al. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.0142 · Cited by 12
Andersen, S. G., Sæterhagen, H., Pacheco, A. P., Pripp, A. H., Hrubos‐Strøm, H., Papageorgiou, C., Munkhaugen, J., & Dammen, T. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.11656 · Cited by 13
“7,54 Moreover, it has been reported that sleep disturbance and long sleep duration (> 8 hours per night) are associated with elevated levels of CRP. 55 An important question is therefore whether treatment of insomnia may be associated with decreases in inflammation and cortisol.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Irwin, M. R.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Irwin, Michael R.
- ORCID
- Irwin, Michael R.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2015-01-03
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 143-172
- ISSN
- 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2085
- PMC
- PMC4961463
- OpenAlex
- W2125158184
- Semantic Scholar
- d759f8bbeb16d0fa5077fc8d5439c63c7b49ee94
- Cited by
- 1,325
- References
- 202
- Citations by year
- 2026: 165 · 2025: 172 · 2024: 156 · 2023: 153 · 2022: 137 · 2021: 125 · 2020: 155 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 26
- FWCI
- 4.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG026364, R01AG034588)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL079955, R01HL095799)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA032922)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA160245, R01CA119159)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep, sleep disorders, insomnia, sleep restriction, psychoneuroimmunology, adaptive immunity, innate immunity, antiviral immunity, vaccine response, infectious disease risk, pro-inflammatory response, cardiovascular disease, cancer, depression, neuroendocrine regulation, autonomic nervous system, sleep interventions, sleep health
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Immune System, Inflammation, Psychoneuroimmunology, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders
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