The DOI matches its Crossref record; 203 of the 203 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 130 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective
Open accessAbstract
Sleep has a critical role in promoting health. Research over the past decade has documented that sleep disturbance has a powerful influence on the risk of infectious disease, the occurrence and progression of several major medical illnesses including cardiovascular disease and cancer, and the incidence of depression. Increasingly, the field has focused on identifying the biological mechanisms underlying these effects. This review highlights the impact of sleep on adaptive and innate immunity, with consideration of the dynamics of sleep disturbance, sleep restriction, and insomnia on (a) antiviral immune responses with consequences for vaccine responses and infectious disease risk and (b) proinflammatory immune responses with implications for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and depression. This review also discusses the neuroendocrine and autonomic neural underpinnings linking sleep disturbance and immunity and the reciprocal links between sleep and inflammatory biology. Finally, interventions are discussed as effective strategies to improve sleep, and potential opportunities are identified to promote sleep health for therapeutic control of chronic infectious, inflammatory, and neuropsychiatric diseases.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This review argues that sleep disturbance impairs adaptive immunity and increases inflammation through HPA-axis and sympathetic pathways, linking sleep to infectious disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and depression. It synthesizes evidence that behavioral sleep treatments may reduce inflammatory markers, though mediation by inflammation remains unproven.
Key findings
- Insomnia complaints occur in nearly 25% of the US population, nearly 10% meet diagnostic criteria for chronic insomnia, and insomnia persists for as long as three years in nearly 50% of patients.
- Experimental sleep loss reduces T-cell IL-2 production, shifts Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2, reduces monocyte IL-12, and increases IL-10; partial sleep loss reduced influenza A vaccine response by over 50%, and shorter sleep duration (<6 h) was linked to decreased hepatitis B vaccine protection in 125 midlife adults.
- Sleep loss and short sleep increase inflammatory markers including CRP, IL-6, TNF, IL-1β, and IL-17 via NF-κB and TLR-4 signaling; insomnia with short sleep duration (≤5 h) was associated with a fivefold greater risk of hypertension and a fourfold increased risk of incident hypertension, while persistent insomnia conferred a 14-fold greater risk of depression in the following year.
- Behavioral treatments may reduce inflammation: cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia was associated with 50% lower CRP one year after treatment among those with insomnia remission, and tai chi improved insomnia complaints, augmented herpes zoster vaccine responses, and reduced IL-6.
Methods
- Narrative review of psychoneuroimmunology literature; no primary data collection. It synthesizes human and animal experimental sleep deprivation, naturalistic sleep disturbance, epidemiologic cohorts, vaccine response studies, and behavioral intervention trials.
- Main analysis is a conceptual integration of sleep effects on adaptive and innate immunity, HPA-axis and sympathetic nervous system pathways, inflammatory signaling, and disease outcomes; no formal systematic search or meta-analysis is described.
Limitations
- Stated: no prospective study has systematically evaluated whether elevated inflammation mediates associations between sleep disturbance and cardiovascular disease or cancer, and the prospective role of sleep disturbance in driving inflammation that mediates depression is not known.
- Stated: epidemiologic findings on insomnia and CRP are mixed; no systematic studies have evaluated sedative hypnotics on markers of inflammation, and no randomized controlled trials have assessed whether inflammation is altered with pharmacotherapy of insomnia.
- Evident: as a narrative review, it lacks systematic search, quality appraisal, and quantitative synthesis; heterogeneity in sleep measures, populations, and study designs limits causal inference.
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Claims the paper makes
96 Not checked yet · 22 Own interpretation · 1 No basis given
In the paper
“the nocturnal increase of natural killer (NK) cell activity, a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system, is dependent in part on sleep”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES > Nocturnal Profile of Innate Immunity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kronfol et al. 1997
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sleep has a critical role in promoting health.”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > Abstract
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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In the paper
“activation of the HPA axis releases cortisol that suppresses proinflammatory and antiviral immune responses by three mechanisms”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Psychoneuroimmunologic Pathways of Immune Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Irwin & Cole 2011
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“sleep disturbance has a powerful influence on the risk of infectious disease”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > Abstract
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“compelling evidence that disturbances of sleep including insomnia complaints and extremes of sleep duration adversely influence risk of infectious and inflammatory disease”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dew et al. 2003
- Not checked yetcites Kripke et al. 2002
- Not checked yetcites Mallon et al. 2002
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“sleep plays an important role in the regulation of the adaptive and innate immune responses”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Innate Immunity
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“evidence indicates that sleep disturbance induces a downregulation of adaptive immunity, as indexed by an impaired response to infectious challenge”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Innate Immunity
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“During sleep, blood levels of cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine drop”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Psychoneuroimmunologic Pathways of Immune Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Besedovsky et al. 2012
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Nocturnal sleep also enhances the production of IL-12 by precursor dendritic cells as well as by monocytes”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES > Nocturnal Profile of Adaptive Immunity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lange et al. 2006b
- Not checked yetcites Lange et al. 2010
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“total night sleep deprivation diminishes the increase in IL-6 by about half”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES > Nocturnal Profile of Innate Immunity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vgontzas et al. 1999
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
- Probably not a substantial claim. 1
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sleep influences the two primary effector systems, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which in turn regulate adaptive and innate immune responses.”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Psychoneuroimmunologic Pathways of Immune Regulation
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Substantial evidence shows that behavioral treatments have robust efficacy, with remission of insomnia sustained in the long term”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Irwin et al. 2006a
- Not checked yetcites Morin et al. 2006a
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“GH and prolactin are well known to enhance the proliferation and differentiation of T cells as well as to promote type 1 cytokine activity”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES > Nocturnal Profile of Innate Immunity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lange et al. 2006a
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“certain aspects of immunity are mainly influenced by circadian processes, whereas other immune measures are primarily steered by sleep”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in the aftermath of sleep disruption, such adrenergic signaling is thought to steer inflammatory gene expression and lead to increases in daytime levels of markers of innate immunity and inflammation”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suggest the possibility that short sleep duration might increase infectious disease risk by increasing susceptibility to viral pathogens or expression of symptoms, or both”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE RISK > Sleep Disturbance and Vaccine Responses
hedgedconditionaln = 125- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the effects of sleep loss were persistent for up to one year, with a reduced frequency of antigen-specific Th cells as well reduced levels of antigen Ag-specific immunoglobulin G1”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE RISK > Sleep Disturbance and Vaccine Responses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lange et al. 2011
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Both partial- and total-night sleep deprivation reduce T cell production of IL-2, and this effect is independent of the total number of circulating T cells”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE RISK > Experimental Sleep Loss and Adaptive Immunity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Born et al. 1997 source
- Not checked yetcites Irwin et al. 1996
- Not checked yetcites Irwin et al. 1999
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nocturnal sleep, as described above, serves to prime the immune system to infectious challenge and to induce nocturnal activation of inflammatory signaling.”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In experimental studies in which healthy adults are inoculated with a rhinovirus that produces symptoms of the common cold, poor sleep efficiency was associated with increased susceptibility to the common cold and greater symptom reporting”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE RISK > Sleep Disturbance and Infectious Disease
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cohen et al. 2009
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Yet, in a vulnerable population of individuals who report chronic sleep disturbance, a single night of sleep loss triggers an activation of inflammation with increases in IL-6 and TNF, which is not found in those who have no underlying sleep problems (Irwin et al. 2004).”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS > Experimental Sleep Loss, Innate Immunity, and Inflammation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Irwin et al. 2004
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Patel et al. (2009) found that each additional hour of sleep duration resulted in an increase in CRP and an increase in IL-6, whereas a shorter sleep duration was associated with an increase in TNF.”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS > Naturalistic Sleep Disturbance and Inflammation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Patel et al. 2009
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“with recent findings indicating that sleep disturbance has a critical role in mediating the association between depressive symptoms and hypertension incidence (Gangwisch et al. 2010) as well as all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality (Azevedo Da Silva et al. 2014)”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS > Sleep Disturbance, Sleep Duration, and Cardiovascular Disease
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gangwisch et al. 2010
- Not checked yetcites Azevedo Da Silva et al. 2014
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Suarez (2008) found that overall poor sleep quality was associated with increases inflammatory biomarkers, but only for women”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS > Naturalistic Sleep Disturbance and Inflammation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Suarez 2008
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“During NREM or SWS, sympathetic activity is decreased; during REM sleep, SNS outflow is higher, similar to daytime levels (Somers et al. 1993).”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS > Sympathetic Mechanisms Linking Sleep Disturbance and Inflammation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Somers et al. 1993
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Immunologic response to vaccination is a valid proxy for infectious disease risk.
“Research on the effects of sleep loss on vaccine responses provides a translational perspective on the sleep-related changes in adaptive immunity by identifying clinically relevant endpoints related to infectious disease risk including immunologic response to vaccination.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Findings from experimental sleep deprivation in healthy adults generalize to naturalistic sleep disturbance and clinical populations.
“In humans, partial sleep deprivation mimics the ubiquitous sleep disturbance found in persons exposed to social adversity or who are aged and most vulnerable to infectious diseases.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Sleep of adequate duration and quality is important for good human physical and mental health.97–100”
From The 2024 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: facing record-breaking threats from delayed action (2024) · cites this paper as [100]
In the citing paper
“Hence, the findings of increased TNF production in the morning after sleep deprivation by Irwin et al. (256) may reflect a rebound effect of sleep, as participants were allowed to sleep in the second night half before blood was collected in the morning.”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [256]
In the citing paper
“Intracellular IL-6 production was not altered acutely during sleep compared with nocturnal wakefulness (147), but was increased in the morning after one night of partial sleep loss in healthy humans (89, 256, 262, 264).”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [256]
In the citing paper
“Following sleep deprivation in the first night half, TNF production in monocytes and TNF mRNA were shown to be increased in the morning (256, 262, 264).”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [256]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES > Nocturnal Profile of Adaptive Immunity
“levels of IL-2 are similar during a night of uninterrupted sleep or partial sleep loss”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE RISK > Experimental Sleep Loss and Adaptive Immunity
“Both partial- and total-night sleep deprivation reduce T cell production of IL-2”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP: ASSESSMENT OF SLEEP AND INSOMNIA > Sleep Characteristics
“sleep efficiency or the ratio of wake time to time in bed”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SUMMARY POINTS
“Sleep deprivation and naturalistic disturbance of sleep (i.e., short sleep duration or reduced sleep efficiency) impair adaptive immunity”
Citations
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“Partial-night sleep deprivation induces an increase in TLR-4-stimulated production of IL-6 and TNF, which is especially prominent in women who show sustained elevations ADRB2 TLR4 Circulation SNS nerve fibers Cardiovascular disease Major depressive disorder Cancer NF-κB Expression of proinflammatory immune response ge…”
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“One example is the Insomnia Severity Index, which assesses sleep quality, fatigue, psychological symptoms, and quality of life, with a high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of insomnia cases (Morin et al. 2011).”
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“…about 25% of the population of the United States report insomnia complaints (LeBlanc et al. 2009), and nearly 10% fulfill diagnostic criteria for chronic insomnia (Morin et al. 2006b; Ohayon 1996, 2002), which is persistent for as long as three years in nearly 50% of patients (Morin et al. 2009).”
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“Transcription factor binding motifs that were overrepresented in the sleep-deprivation condition included the promoters of genes involved in regulation by cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA)-induced transcription factors of the cAMP response element–binding protein/activating transcription facto…”
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“…the role of insomnia in the onset of depression (for a review, see Riemann 2010), with meta-analytic findings showing that sleep disturbance yields a twofold increased risk of depression (Baglioni et al. 2011) or is one of the first clinical signs of a depressive disorder (Dryman & Eaton 1991).”
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“The purpose of the present review is to provide an integrated understanding of how sleep health (Buysse 2014) affects one salient biological mechanism, the immune system, with implications for infectious and inflammatory disease risk.”
Background
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
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Huang, Y., Jiang, Y., & Zhu, M. (2019) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s220436 · Cited by 24
“in immune regulation, causing an alteration of inflammatory factors.(19,20) Therefore, the aim of this study was to”
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“For instance, as parental monitoring declines and autonomy increases during the transition to young adulthood [42], youth may not only obtain shorter sleep durations but also developmore extreme sleep habits such as engaging in greater catch-up sleep on weekends to make up for insufficient amounts of weekday sleep, wh…”
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“When sleep is disrupted, the activity of T helper 1 cytokines such as interferonγ, which provide important protection against intracellular viral and bacterial change, tends to decrease, whereas the activity of T helper 2 cytokines such as interleukin-10 tends to increase (Irwin, 2015).”
BackgroundCan a meditation app help my sleep? A cross-sectional survey of Calm users
Huberty, J., Puzia, M., Larkey, L., Vranceanu, A., & Irwin, M. R. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257518 · Cited by 26
“, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder; PTSD); impacting well-being and quality of life [6, 7].”
BackgroundSelf-citationYuan, W., Chen, L., Wu, Y., Su, B., Liu, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, M., Ma, Y., Guo, T., Wang, X., et al. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.029 · Cited by 26
Sleep is a modifiable determinant of health: Implications and opportunities for health psychology
Kyle, S. D., & Henry, A. L. (2017) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12251 · Cited by 24
Zilioli, S., Slatcher, R. B., Chi, P., Li, X., Zhao, J., & Zhao, G. (2016) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.10.012 · Cited by 24
Association between sleep duration and dental caries in a nationally representative U.S. population
Alawady, A., Alharbi, A. A., Alharbi, H., Almesbah, S., Alshammari, N., Alkandari, A., Alhazmi, H., & Alqaderi, H. E. (2023) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-023-03147-z · Cited by 25
“Sleep imbalance has been shown to disrupt the body’s natural hormonal balance, which may in turn adversely affect the immune system leading to susceptibility to infections [11].”
BackgroundEngert, L. C., Ledderose, C., Biniamin, C., Birriel, P., Buraks, O., Chatterton, B., Dang, R., Daniel, S., Eske, A., Reed, T., et al. (2024) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.07.023 · Cited by 25
Light pollution prolongs avian activity
Pease, B. S., & Gilbert, N. A. (2025) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adv9472 · Cited by 23
Jia, M., Wang, F., Chen, R., Hua, H., Yang, Q., Yang, D., Wang, N., Li, X., Ma, F., Huang, L., et al. (2021) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-021-02295-2 · Cited by 26
Prather, A. A., & Carroll, J. (2021) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2021.05.004 · Cited by 23
Does Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Lead to Alzheimer's Disease in Young Wild-Type Mice?
Ba, L., Huang, L., He, Z., Deng, S., Xie, Y., Zhang, M., Jacob, C., Antonecchia, E., Liu, Y., Xiao, W., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.759983 · Cited by 27
“…tomography (18F-FDG-PET), neuroinflammation, tau, amyloid-β INTRODUCTION Sleep is a highly conserved physiological phenomenon among mammals and important for multiple physiological processes, including cognitive function, immune function, and hormone release (Irwin, 2015; Krause et al., 2017).”
BackgroundResearch on the correlation of immunity in patients with chronic insomnia
Nie, L., Pan, X.-L., Zhang, X.-B., Zhang, S., Rao, J.-X., & Su, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1034405 · Cited by 23
Short Sleep Duration and Erectile Dysfunction: A Review of the Literature
Zhang, F., Xiong, Y., Qin, F., & Yuan, J. (2022) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s375571 · Cited by 23
“Meanwhile, sleep is regarded as having many neural functions, such as promoting physiological homeostasis in the brain and maintaining normal mood and cognition.(25) With prolonged wakefulness, the duration and intensity of sleep are increasing, indicating that sleep might be modulated through the sleep homeostasis.”
BackgroundMatzke, I., Huhn, S., Koch, M., Maggioni, M. A., Munga, S., Muma, J. O., Odhiambo, C. O., Kwaro, D., Obor, D., Bärnighausen, T., et al. (2024) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/54669 · Cited by 22
“Insufficient sleep, whether due to short duration or disruptions, can negatively affect human health, potentially compromising the immune system [37] and increasing cardiovascular risk [38].”
BackgroundPaine, S., Signal, T. L., Sweeney, B., Priston, M., Muller, D., Smith, A., Huthwaite, M., Gander, P. H., & Lee, K. A. (2020) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2019.11.004 · Cited by 23
Stratégies de gestion de l’impact du confinement sur le sommeil : une synthèse d’experts
Guichard, K., Geoffroy, P. A., Taillard, J., Micoulaud‐Franchi, J., Royant‐Parola, S., Poirot, I., Brion, A., d’Ortho, M., Gagnadoux, F., Schroder, C. M., et al. (2020) · Médecine du Sommeil · doi:10.1016/j.msom.2020.04.003 · Cited by 23
“Ce facteur est important car la privation de sommeil peut rendre les sujets vulnérables aux infections virales [15] .”
Hakim, A. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.679837 · Cited by 23
“Short sleep duration and disturbed sleep, when chronic, are related to several cardiovascular (Huang L.-K. et al., 2020; Huang T. et al., 2020), metabolic and neuropsychiatric diseases (Irwin, 2015).”
BackgroundLedesma, S. N., Hamed‐Hamed, D., González-Muñoz, A., & Pruimboom, L. (2024) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101937 · Cited by 26
Howard, C., Mukadam, N., Hui, E. K., & Livingston, G. (2024) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2024.10.022 · Cited by 26
“Specifically, depression and cardiovascular complications are mediated by increased inflammation which is strongly associated with inappropriate sleep duration [27].”
Wang, J., Chen, X., Liao, J., Zhou, L., Han, H., Tao, J., & Lu, Z. (2020) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-020-01647-x · Cited by 23
Fear of Cancer Recurrence and Sleep in Couples Coping With Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Perndorfer, C., Soriano, E. C., Siegel, S. D., Spencer, R. M. C., Otto, A. K., & Laurenceau, J.-P. (2022) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaac018 · Cited by 21
The world war against the COVID-19 outbreak: don’t forget to sleep!
Mônico‐Neto, M., dos Santos, R. V. T., & Antunes, H. K. M. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.8502 · Cited by 22
Association of preoperative sleep pattern with posthysterectomy pain: a pilot study
Nowakowski, S., Levy-Meeks, M. E., Dawson, D. B., Meers, J. M., Stout-Aguilar, J., Kilic, G. S., & Borahay, M. A. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.8730 · Cited by 22
“9 In addition, there is evidence 10,11 suggestingthatabnormalsleepmayaffectimmune and in fl ammatory responses, 10,11 potentially affecting postoperative in fl ammatory response and healing.”
Lee, E., Ramsey, M., Malhotra, A., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Kaufmann, C. N., Soontornniyomkij, B., Graham, S. A., Depp, C. A., & Eyler, L. T. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.12.019 · Cited by 22
“, higher Interleukin(IL-)6, C-Reactive protein (CRP), and TNF-(Tumor Necrosis Factor-)α levels].(Irwin, 2015) Sleep deprivation for a single night can significantly impact inflammatory markers the following morning (Irwin et al.”
BackgroundAstronauts well-being and possibly anti-aging improved during long-duration spaceflight
Otsuka, K., Cornélissen, G., Furukawa, S., Kubo, Y., Shibata, K., Mizuno, K., Ohshima, H., & Mukai, C. N. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-94478-w · Cited by 23
Quantifying daily rhythms with non-negative matrix factorization applied to mobile phone data
Aledavood, T., Kivimäki, I., Lehmann, S., & Saramäki, J. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-09273-y · Cited by 21
Li, P., Liang, Z., Yuan, Z.-J., Li, G., Wang, Y., Huang, W., Zeng, L., Yang, J., Zhou, X., Li, J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.064 · Cited by 23
Sleep Deficiency in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Adekolu, O., & Zinchuk, A. V. (2022) · Clinics in Chest Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2022.02.013 · Cited by 25
Sleep During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Papagiouvanni, I., Kotoulas, S., Vettas, C., Sourla, E., & Pataka, A. (2022) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-022-01371-y · Cited by 24
Cordina‐Duverger, E., Uchai, S., Tvardik, N., Billmann, R., Martin, D., Trédaniel, J., Wislez, M., Blons, H., Laurent‐Puig, P., Antoine, M., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192316246 · Cited by 22
“Sleep disruption resulting from sleep deprivation, disturbances or restricted sleep is a potential risk factor for cancer [11,12].”
BackgroundA sleep-active neuron can promote survival while sleep behavior is disturbed
Busack, I., & Bringmann, H. (2023) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1010665 · Cited by 26
Effect of Sleep and Salivary Glucose on Gingivitis in Children
Alqaderi, H. E., Tavares, M. A., Hartman, M.-L., & Goodson, J. M. (2016) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034516661509 · Cited by 22
Schmutte, T. J., Davidson, L., & O’Connell, M. J. (2017) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-017-9516-9 · Cited by 22
Kuhlman, K. R., Chiang, J. J., Bower, J. E., Irwin, M. R., Cole, S. W., Dahl, R. E., Almeida, D. M., & Fuligni, A. J. (2019) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-019-00581-y · Cited by 23
Self-citationGuerrera, C. S., Boccaccio, F. M., Varrasi, S., Platania, G. A., Coco, M., Pirrone, C., Castellano, S., Caraci, F., Ferri, R., & Lanza, G. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105575 · Cited by 19
“Poor sleep quality and insomnia also results in an over-activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA)-axis and sympathetic nervous system pathways, which, together, contribute to an increased proinflammatory cytokine activity (Irwin, 2015, 2019).”
Xue, Y., Xu, P., Hu, Y., Liu, S., Yan, R., Liu, S., Li, Y., Liu, J., Fu, T., & Li, Z. (2024) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.02.009 · Cited by 22
Irwin, M. R. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.04.018 · Cited by 27
“Importantly, a number of comorbid conditions (e.g., chronic pain, metabolic syndrome) (14) and socioeconomic and other behavioral factors might contribute to the relationship between insomnia and inflammation [as previously discussed (3,94)].”
InfluentialSelf-citationNoninvasive three-state sleep-wake staging in mice using electric field sensors
Kloefkorn, H. E., Aiani, L. M., Lakhani, A., et al. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108834 · Cited by 21
Insomnia as a predictor of recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease
Frøjd, L. A., Dammen, T., Munkhaugen, J., Weedon‐Fekjær, H., Nordhus, I. H., Papageorgiou, C., & Sverre, E. (2022) · SLEEP Advances · doi:10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac007 · Cited by 22
“Insomnia has been associated with several cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking [5], obesity [5], physical inactivity [5], diabetes [6,7], inflammation [8,9], hypertension [10], and psychosocial factors [3–5, 11–13].”
BackgroundYang, J., Du, Y. N., Shen, H., Shujie, R., Liu, Z., Zheng, D., Shi, Q., Li, Y., & Wei, G. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191610284 · Cited by 27
“Acute sleep loss can induce a rapid increase in the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells [133,134].”
BackgroundEffect of sleep on development of early childhood caries: a systematic review
Sardana, D., Galland, B. C., Wheeler, B. J., Yiu, C. K. Y., & Ekambaram, M. (2022) · European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry · doi:10.1007/s40368-022-00753-3 · Cited by 21
“2013; Irwin 2015).”
Sleep loss effects on physiological and cognitive responses to systemic environmental hypoxia
Fabries, P. A., Gomez-Mérino, D., Sauvet, F., Malgoyre, A., Koulmann, N., & Chennaoui, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.1046166 · Cited by 25
“Sleep also improves reaction time and memory recall through its role in synaptic homeostasis, and reduces mental fatigue (Copinschi et al., 2014; Eugene and Masiak, 2015; Irwin, 2015; Chennaoui et al., 2020; Lange et al., 2022).”
BackgroundSystematic Review of Hypnotherapy for Sleep and Sleep Disturbance
Wofford, N., Snyder, M., Corlett, C. E., & Elkins, G. R. (2023) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207144.2023.2226177 · Cited by 25
“Generally, sleep disturbance is associated with impairments in cognition, emotion regulation, immune function, and physical health (Alhola & PoloKantola, 2007; Goldstein & Walker, 2014; Irwin, 2015).”
BackgroundManosso, L. M., Duarte, L. A., Martinello, N. S., de Mathia, G. B., & Réus, G. Z. (2023) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/0118715273254093231020052002 · Cited by 25
Tartar, J. L., Fins, A. I., Lopez, A., Sierra, L. A., Silverman, S. A., Thomas, S. V., & Craddock, T. J. A. (2015) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2015.09.007 · Cited by 22
Age-dependent associations among insomnia, depression, and inflammation in nurses
Walker, J. L., Slavish, D. C., Dolan, M., Dietch, J. R., Wardle‐Pinkston, S., Messman, B., Ruggero, C. J., Kohut, M. L., Borwick, J., Kelly, K. S., et al. (2020) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2020.1805450 · Cited by 24
“…in depression and insomnia include pro-inflammatory cytokine signals that initiate inflammatory reactions in the brain and interfere with the activity of important behaviour-modulating neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin (Dantzer et al., 2008; Irwin, 2001, 2015).”
BackgroundRole of stress and early-life stress in the pathogeny of inflammatory bowel disease
Bonaz, B. L., Sinniger, V., & Sonia Pellissier, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1458918 · Cited by 23
“Chronic sleep disturbance results in HPA axis and SNS activation, both of which upregulate a pro-inflammatory immune response, leading to an increase in systemic inflammatory activity (Irwin, 2015).”
BackgroundThe well-being of medical students: A biopsychosocial approach
Vollmer-Conna, U. S., Beilharz, J. E., Cvejic, E., Macnamara, C. L., Doherty, M., Steel, Z., Hadži-Pavlović, D., Harvey, S. B., & Parker, G. B. (2020) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867420924086 · Cited by 24
“In addition, sleep impacts on cognitive performance and has a bidirectional link with autonomic and immune function (Cvejic et al., 2018; Fatt et al., 2019; Irwin, 2015).”
BackgroundPotential effects of shift work on skin autoimmune diseases
Stenger, S., Graßhoff, H., Hundt, J. E., & Lange, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000951 · Cited by 22
The relationship between sleep and salivary and serum inflammatory biomarkers in adolescents
Alqaderi, H. E., Abdullah, A., Finkelman, M., Abu‐Farha, M., Devarajan, S., Abubaker, J. A., Ramesh, N., Tavares, M. A., Al‐Mulla, F., & Bin‐Hasan, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1175483 · Cited by 22
Sleep deprivation and suicide risk among minoritized US adolescents
Joseph, V. A., Kreski, N. T., & Keyes, K. M. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05074-3 · Cited by 22
“The public health implications of poor sleep health on adolescents are numerous and play a critical role not only in the short term but throughout the life course as well [27].”
BackgroundThe Impact of Sleep Disorders on Cardiovascular Health: Mechanisms and Interventions
Sarode, R., & Nikam, P. P. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.49703 · Cited by 20
“…and insomnia on antiviral immune responses with implications for vaccine responses and infectious disease risk and proinflammatory immune responses with implications for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and depression, this review emphasizes the role of sleep on adaptive and innate immunity [11].”
BackgroundNutrition, Immune Function, and Infectious Disease in Military Personnel: A Narrative Review
Hatch‐McChesney, A., & Smith, T. J. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15234999 · Cited by 26
“Military operational stressors (e.g., sleep restriction and psychological stress) impair immune function [46,47] and suppress the inflammatory response and essential pro-inflammatory cytokine production during the early phases of wound healing [48,49].”
Zheng, J.-W., Ai, S., Chang, S., Meng, S., Shi, L., Deng, J., Di, T.-Q., Liu, W.-Y., Chang, X.-W., Yue, J.-L., et al. (2024) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02375-7 · Cited by 23
“Sleep plays a crucial role in promoting health, and sleep disturbances can lead to several medical illnesses, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and mood disorders [1].”
Jacob, L., Scholten, P. C., Kostev, K., & Kalder, M. (2018) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-018-4831-x · Cited by 20
“By contrast, the sleep disturbance-related over-activation of the SNS promotes the transcription of proinflammatory immune response genes via the stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors.”
BackgroundInfluentialTrajectories of Sleep Duration, Sleep Onset Timing, and Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adults
Shen, L., Li, B., Gou, W., Liang, X., Zhong, H., Xiao, C., Shi, R., Miao, Z., Yan, Y., Fu, Y., et al. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.0114 · Cited by 22
Godos, J., Rosi, A., Scazzina, F., Touriz Bonifaz, M. A., Giampieri, F., Abdelkarim, O., Ammar, A., Aly, M., Frias-Toral, E., Pons, J., et al. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17071242 · Cited by 19
“The quality of sleep is affected by various factors, including diet, physical activity, as well as genetic and environmental influences [2].”
Associations between device use before bed, mood disturbance, and insomnia symptoms in young adults
Walsh, N. A., Rodriguez, N., Repa, L. M., King, E., & Garland, S. N. (2020) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2020.04.004 · Cited by 19
Social sleepers: The effects of social status on sleep in terrestrial mammals
Smeltzer, E. A., Stead, S. M., Li, M. F., Samson, D. R., Kumpan, L. T., & Teichroeb, J. A. (2022) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105181 · Cited by 19
Troxel, W., Rodriguez, A., Seelam, R., Dong, L., Perez, L. G., Tucker, J. S., Siconolfi, D. E., & D’Amico, E. J. (2022) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107417 · Cited by 21
Wang, C. Y., Wang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, S. W., Wang, L., Zhao, S. Z., Chen, Z. H., Zhang, X., Xie, M., Wang, T., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice · doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2022.12.011 · Cited by 22
Mun, J. G.-H., Wang, D., Fulk, D. L. D., Fakhary, M., Gualco, S., Grant, R. W., & Mitmesser, S. H. (2023) · Journal of Dietary Supplements · doi:10.1080/19390211.2023.2206475 · Cited by 19
“Adequate sleep is important for immune health and mental wellness (Irwin 2015; Besedovsky et al. 2019).”
BackgroundArnoriaga‐Rodríguez, M., Leal, Y., Mayneris‐Perxachs, J., Pérez‐Brocal, V., Moyá, A., Ricart, W., Fernández-Balsells, M., & Fernández‐Real, J. M. (2023) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad258 · Cited by 19
Uy, J. P., & Gotlib, I. H. (2023) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13942 · Cited by 21
“Both immune and neural processes, uniquely and in interaction, have been found to have bidirectional associations with sleep (Irwin, 2015, 2019; Irwin & Opp, 2017) as well as sex differences in their functioning (Moieni et al., 2015; Rubinow & Schmidt, 2019).”
SlumberNet: deep learning classification of sleep stages using residual neural networks
Jha, P. K., Valekunja, U. K., & Reddy, A. B. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-54727-0 · Cited by 24
Insomnia és elalvást segítő szokások felmérése felnőttek körében
Fusz, K., Faludi, B., Pusztai, D., Sebők, N., & Olah, A. (2016) · Orvosi Hetilap · doi:10.1556/650.2016.30593 · Cited by 22
Lu, W. D., Hughes, B. M., Howard, S., & James, J. E. (2017) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.11.013 · Cited by 17
Self-Rated Health and Inflammation: A Test of Depression and Sleep Quality as Mediators
Uchino, B., Landvatter, J., Cronan, S. B., Scott, E., Papadakis, M., Smith, T. W., Bosch, J., & Joel, S. (2019) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000683 · Cited by 17
“These data are important because sleep is emerging as an important predictor of early morbidity and mortality (18,19).”
Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine
Smith, T. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316995808.027 · Cited by 20
Later School Start Times as a Public Health Intervention to Promote Sleep Health in Adolescents
Mousavi, Z., & Troxel, W. M. (2023) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-023-00263-8 · Cited by 18
The Science of Tai Chi and Qigong as Whole Person Health-Part I: Rationale and State of the Science
Wayne, P. M., Ahn, A. C., Clark, J., Irwin, M. R., Kong, J., Lavretsky, H., Li, F., Manor, B. D., Mehling, W. E., Oh, B., et al. (2025) · Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/jicm.2024.0957 · Cited by 24
“305 Recent research has examined whether Tai Chi can improve immune responses and boost infectious disease resistance, either directly or indirectly via targeting psychological stress or insomnia.”
Self-citationvon der Warth, R., Hehn, P., Wolff, J., & Kaier, K. (2020) · Health Economics Review · doi:10.1186/s13561-020-00281-0 · Cited by 18
Francesco, D. D., Sabin, C. A., Winston, A., Mallon, P. W. G., Anderson, J., Boffito, M., Doyle, N., Haddow, L. J., Post, F. A., Vera, J. H., et al. (2021) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000002852 · Cited by 17
“As poor sleep health has been shown to be associated with many negative mental and physical outcomes, including depression [9], cardiovascular disease [10], cancer, cognitive function [11] and mortality [12], sleep has become an increasing concern for PWH.”
BackgroundWhat goes around comes around: Nightmares and daily stress are bidirectionally associated in nurses
Garcia, O. G., Slavish, D. C., Dietch, J. R., Messman, B., Contractor, A. A., Haynes, P. L., Pruiksma, K. E., Kelly, K. S., Ruggero, C. J., & Taylor, D. J. (2021) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3048 · Cited by 17
Caffeine-Induced Sleep Restriction Alters the Gut Microbiome and Fecal Metabolic Profiles in Mice
Song, Z., Liu, L., Xu, Y., Cao, R., Lan, X., Pan, C., Zhang, S., & Zhao, H. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232314837 · Cited by 19
Chronic Sleep Deprivation Impairs Visual Functions via Oxidative Damage in Mice
Tang, L., Zhang, H., Liao, Y., Zhou, S., Yang, Y., Zhang, M., Guo, Y., Xie, T., Chen, S., Ouyang, W., et al. (2024) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.11.004 · Cited by 19
Characterising acute coronary syndrome-associated depression: Let the data speak
Vollmer-Conna, U. S., Cvejic, E., Smith, I. G., Hadži-Pavlović, D., & Parker, G. B. (2015) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.03.001 · Cited by 18
“Additionally, poor sleep is recognised to constitute both a predisposing factor and a symptom of depression (Adrien, 2002; Baglioni et al., 2011; Irwin, 2015; Lee et al., 2013; Tsuno et al., 2005).”
BackgroundEffects of chronic sleep deprivation on glucose homeostasis in rats
Xu, X., Wang, L., Zhang, Y., Su, T., Chen, L., Zhang, Y., Ma, W., Xie, Y., Wang, T., Yang, F., et al. (2016) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1007/s41105-016-0061-y · Cited by 19
“It was also reported that poor sleep may contribute to the chronic, low-grade inflammation associated with an increased risk for future adverse health outcomes [9, 10].”
Sleep Characteristics in Mothers of Children With Developmental Disabilities
Lee, J., Spratling, R. G., & Helvig, A. W. (2017) · Journal of Pediatric Health Care · doi:10.1016/j.pedhc.2017.08.002 · Cited by 17
Tsuboi, S., Mine, T., Tomioka, Y., Shiraishi, S., Fukushima, F., & Ikaga, T. (2019) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s190414 · Cited by 18
“Sleep disturbance is known as a risk factor for infectious diseases, several major medical illnesses including cardiovascular disease and cancer, and the incidence of depression.(28) The harmful use of alcohol is a causal factor in .”
BackgroundÉdouard, P., Richardson, A., Murray, A. M., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2019.00012 · Cited by 18
“A healthy lifestyle can help to prevent injuries and illnesses, including (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015; Irwin, 2015; Schwellnus et al., 2016; Walsh, 2018): - good quality and quantity of sleep; - regular hydration of safe water (i.e., closed bottle); - appropriate nutrition with safe food, cooked…”
BackgroundCultivating a healthy neuro‐immune network: A health psychology approach
Bower, J. E., Kuhlman, K. R., Haydon, M. D., Boyle, C. C., & Radin, A. S. (2019) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12498 · Cited by 21
Amare, N. S., Chekol, B., & Aemro, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.841097 · Cited by 18
Wang, Y. M., Wang, X., Wu, S., Zhang, W., Li, J., & Liu, B. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1630326 · Cited by 17
“On the one hand, persistent bedtime procrastination tends to cause disturbances in sleep duration and rhythm, which in turn induces decreased attention, memory loss, and cognitive dysfunction (Cox and Olatunji, 2016; Irwin, 2015).”
Association between periodontal disease and non-apnea sleep disorder: a systematic review
Schmidlin, P. R., Khademi, A., & Fakheran, O. (2020) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-020-03475-2 · Cited by 18
Benham, G. (2021) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3055 · Cited by 19
Sleep quality according to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in over 7000 pregnant women in Poland
Smyka, M., Kosińska–Kaczyńska, K., Sochacki-Wójcicka, N., Zgliczyńska, M., & Wielgoś, M. (2021) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1007/s41105-021-00324-x · Cited by 19
“Sleep is an essential biological function in humans [1].”
BackgroundSyam Das, S., Kannan, R., George, S., Chakrapani, P. S. B., Maliakel, B. P., Ittiyavirah, S. P., & Krishnakumar, I. M. (2021) · Journal of Herbal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100507 · Cited by 18
Characterizing Patterns of Nurses’ Daily Sleep Health: a Latent Profile Analysis
Slavish, D. C., Contractor, A. A., Dietch, J. R., Messman, B., Lucke, H. R., Briggs, M., Thornton, J. E., Ruggero, C. J., Kelly, K. S., Kohut, M. L., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-021-10048-4 · Cited by 18
“For example, sleep disturbances and mood and anxiety-related disorders are often all characterized by a heightened pro-inflammatory state [51, 54].”
BackgroundThe Impact of Kiwifruit Consumption on the Sleep and Recovery of Elite Athletes
Doherty, R., Madigan, S. M., Nevill, A. M., Warrington, G. D., & Ellis, J. G. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15102274 · Cited by 17
“Acute sleep deprivation and sleep disturbance (short sleep duration or reduced sleep efficiency) can impact immunity, which has been attributed to reduced growth hormone release during deep sleep and increased sympathetic output [58].”
BackgroundLee, S., Ma, C., Shi, Q., Meyers, J. P., Kumar, P., Couture, F., Kuebler, P. J., Krishnamurthi, S., Lewis, D. A., Tan, B. R., et al. (2023) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-023-02290-2 · Cited by 17
Hu, Y., Liu, J., Zhao, Z., Bi, C., Cao, H., Liu, H., & Yang, G. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1131176 · Cited by 18
“Sleep plays a very important role in health (Irwin, 2015).”
BackgroundAre sleep disorders associated with the risk of gastrointestinal cancer?—A case–control study
Loosen, S. H., Krieg, S., Krieg, A. H., Leyh, C., Luedde, T., Vetter, C., Kostev, K., & Roderburg, C. (2023) · Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s00432-023-05009-1 · Cited by 19
“Sleep is hypothesized to influence the two primary effector systems, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and the sympathetic nervous system, which in turn control adaptive and innate immune responses (Irwin 2015).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialShafiee, A., Jafarabady, K., Firouzabadi, S. R., Mohammadi, I., & Mozhgani, S. (2023) · European journal of medical research · doi:10.1186/s40001-023-01415-w · Cited by 17
“Dis-ruptions in sleep patterns, such as insufficient sleep duration, poor sleep quality, and sleep disorders, have been associated with increased susceptibility to viral infections and decreased immune response [7, 8].”
BackgroundTrehalose enhances bone fracture healing in a rat sleep deprivation model
Xu, X., Wang, R., Sun, Z., Wu, R., Yan, W., Jiang, Q. Y., & Shi, D. (2019) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm.2019.05.73 · Cited by 18
Shi, X., Wang, Y., Li, T., Liu, H., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Mang, J., & Xu, Z. (2020) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.1927 · Cited by 16
“Primary insomnia (PI), which has an increasing incidence, is a globally prevalent sleep disorder characterized by the difficulty in initiating sleep or maintaining sleep (Buysse, 2013; Irwin, 2015).”
BackgroundUse of the Consumer-Based Meditation App Calm for Sleep Disturbances: Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Huberty, J., Puzia, M., Larkey, L., Irwin, M. R., & Vranceanu, A. (2020) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/19508 · Cited by 17
“Further, findings are consistent with research on the comorbidity between sleep and anxiety disorders [9,10,16].”
ResultSelf-citationBowers, S. J., Lambert, S., He, S., Lowry, C. A., Fleshner, M., Wright, K. P., Turek, F. W., & Vitaterna, M. H. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa271 · Cited by 20
“A pattern of repeated nights of inadequate sleep is common in modern industrial societies, and has been shown to lead to a host of physiological problems including metabolic [1], immunologic [2], and cognitive [3] deficits.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Irwin, M. R.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Irwin, Michael R.
- ORCID
- Irwin, Michael R.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2015-01-03
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 143-172
- ISSN
- 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2085
- PMC
- PMC4961463
- OpenAlex
- W2125158184
- Semantic Scholar
- d759f8bbeb16d0fa5077fc8d5439c63c7b49ee94
- Cited by
- 1,325
- References
- 202
- Citations by year
- 2026: 165 · 2025: 172 · 2024: 156 · 2023: 153 · 2022: 137 · 2021: 125 · 2020: 155 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 26
- FWCI
- 4.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG026364, R01AG034588)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL079955, R01HL095799)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA032922)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA160245, R01CA119159)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep, sleep disorders, insomnia, sleep restriction, psychoneuroimmunology, adaptive immunity, innate immunity, antiviral immunity, vaccine response, infectious disease risk, pro-inflammatory response, cardiovascular disease, cancer, depression, neuroendocrine regulation, autonomic nervous system, sleep interventions, sleep health
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Immune System, Inflammation, Psychoneuroimmunology, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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