The DOI matches its Crossref record; 203 of the 203 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 130 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective
Open accessAbstract
Sleep has a critical role in promoting health. Research over the past decade has documented that sleep disturbance has a powerful influence on the risk of infectious disease, the occurrence and progression of several major medical illnesses including cardiovascular disease and cancer, and the incidence of depression. Increasingly, the field has focused on identifying the biological mechanisms underlying these effects. This review highlights the impact of sleep on adaptive and innate immunity, with consideration of the dynamics of sleep disturbance, sleep restriction, and insomnia on (a) antiviral immune responses with consequences for vaccine responses and infectious disease risk and (b) proinflammatory immune responses with implications for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and depression. This review also discusses the neuroendocrine and autonomic neural underpinnings linking sleep disturbance and immunity and the reciprocal links between sleep and inflammatory biology. Finally, interventions are discussed as effective strategies to improve sleep, and potential opportunities are identified to promote sleep health for therapeutic control of chronic infectious, inflammatory, and neuropsychiatric diseases.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This review argues that sleep disturbance impairs adaptive immunity and increases inflammation through HPA-axis and sympathetic pathways, linking sleep to infectious disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and depression. It synthesizes evidence that behavioral sleep treatments may reduce inflammatory markers, though mediation by inflammation remains unproven.
Key findings
- Insomnia complaints occur in nearly 25% of the US population, nearly 10% meet diagnostic criteria for chronic insomnia, and insomnia persists for as long as three years in nearly 50% of patients.
- Experimental sleep loss reduces T-cell IL-2 production, shifts Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2, reduces monocyte IL-12, and increases IL-10; partial sleep loss reduced influenza A vaccine response by over 50%, and shorter sleep duration (<6 h) was linked to decreased hepatitis B vaccine protection in 125 midlife adults.
- Sleep loss and short sleep increase inflammatory markers including CRP, IL-6, TNF, IL-1β, and IL-17 via NF-κB and TLR-4 signaling; insomnia with short sleep duration (≤5 h) was associated with a fivefold greater risk of hypertension and a fourfold increased risk of incident hypertension, while persistent insomnia conferred a 14-fold greater risk of depression in the following year.
- Behavioral treatments may reduce inflammation: cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia was associated with 50% lower CRP one year after treatment among those with insomnia remission, and tai chi improved insomnia complaints, augmented herpes zoster vaccine responses, and reduced IL-6.
Methods
- Narrative review of psychoneuroimmunology literature; no primary data collection. It synthesizes human and animal experimental sleep deprivation, naturalistic sleep disturbance, epidemiologic cohorts, vaccine response studies, and behavioral intervention trials.
- Main analysis is a conceptual integration of sleep effects on adaptive and innate immunity, HPA-axis and sympathetic nervous system pathways, inflammatory signaling, and disease outcomes; no formal systematic search or meta-analysis is described.
Limitations
- Stated: no prospective study has systematically evaluated whether elevated inflammation mediates associations between sleep disturbance and cardiovascular disease or cancer, and the prospective role of sleep disturbance in driving inflammation that mediates depression is not known.
- Stated: epidemiologic findings on insomnia and CRP are mixed; no systematic studies have evaluated sedative hypnotics on markers of inflammation, and no randomized controlled trials have assessed whether inflammation is altered with pharmacotherapy of insomnia.
- Evident: as a narrative review, it lacks systematic search, quality appraisal, and quantitative synthesis; heterogeneity in sleep measures, populations, and study designs limits causal inference.
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Claims the paper makes
96 Not checked yet · 22 Own interpretation · 1 No basis given
In the paper
“the nocturnal increase of natural killer (NK) cell activity, a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system, is dependent in part on sleep”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES > Nocturnal Profile of Innate Immunity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kronfol et al. 1997
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sleep has a critical role in promoting health.”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > Abstract
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“activation of the HPA axis releases cortisol that suppresses proinflammatory and antiviral immune responses by three mechanisms”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Psychoneuroimmunologic Pathways of Immune Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Irwin & Cole 2011
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“sleep disturbance has a powerful influence on the risk of infectious disease”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > Abstract
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“compelling evidence that disturbances of sleep including insomnia complaints and extremes of sleep duration adversely influence risk of infectious and inflammatory disease”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dew et al. 2003
- Not checked yetcites Kripke et al. 2002
- Not checked yetcites Mallon et al. 2002
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“sleep plays an important role in the regulation of the adaptive and innate immune responses”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Innate Immunity
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“evidence indicates that sleep disturbance induces a downregulation of adaptive immunity, as indexed by an impaired response to infectious challenge”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Innate Immunity
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
In the paper
“During sleep, blood levels of cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine drop”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Psychoneuroimmunologic Pathways of Immune Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Besedovsky et al. 2012
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Nocturnal sleep also enhances the production of IL-12 by precursor dendritic cells as well as by monocytes”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES > Nocturnal Profile of Adaptive Immunity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lange et al. 2006b
- Not checked yetcites Lange et al. 2010
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“total night sleep deprivation diminishes the increase in IL-6 by about half”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES > Nocturnal Profile of Innate Immunity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vgontzas et al. 1999
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
- Probably not a substantial claim. 1
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sleep influences the two primary effector systems, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which in turn regulate adaptive and innate immune responses.”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Psychoneuroimmunologic Pathways of Immune Regulation
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Substantial evidence shows that behavioral treatments have robust efficacy, with remission of insomnia sustained in the long term”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Irwin et al. 2006a
- Not checked yetcites Morin et al. 2006a
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“GH and prolactin are well known to enhance the proliferation and differentiation of T cells as well as to promote type 1 cytokine activity”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES > Nocturnal Profile of Innate Immunity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lange et al. 2006a
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“certain aspects of immunity are mainly influenced by circadian processes, whereas other immune measures are primarily steered by sleep”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in the aftermath of sleep disruption, such adrenergic signaling is thought to steer inflammatory gene expression and lead to increases in daytime levels of markers of innate immunity and inflammation”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suggest the possibility that short sleep duration might increase infectious disease risk by increasing susceptibility to viral pathogens or expression of symptoms, or both”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE RISK > Sleep Disturbance and Vaccine Responses
hedgedconditionaln = 125- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the effects of sleep loss were persistent for up to one year, with a reduced frequency of antigen-specific Th cells as well reduced levels of antigen Ag-specific immunoglobulin G1”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE RISK > Sleep Disturbance and Vaccine Responses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lange et al. 2011
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Both partial- and total-night sleep deprivation reduce T cell production of IL-2, and this effect is independent of the total number of circulating T cells”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE RISK > Experimental Sleep Loss and Adaptive Immunity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Born et al. 1997 source
- Not checked yetcites Irwin et al. 1996
- Not checked yetcites Irwin et al. 1999
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nocturnal sleep, as described above, serves to prime the immune system to infectious challenge and to induce nocturnal activation of inflammatory signaling.”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In experimental studies in which healthy adults are inoculated with a rhinovirus that produces symptoms of the common cold, poor sleep efficiency was associated with increased susceptibility to the common cold and greater symptom reporting”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE RISK > Sleep Disturbance and Infectious Disease
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cohen et al. 2009
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Yet, in a vulnerable population of individuals who report chronic sleep disturbance, a single night of sleep loss triggers an activation of inflammation with increases in IL-6 and TNF, which is not found in those who have no underlying sleep problems (Irwin et al. 2004).”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS > Experimental Sleep Loss, Innate Immunity, and Inflammation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Irwin et al. 2004
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Patel et al. (2009) found that each additional hour of sleep duration resulted in an increase in CRP and an increase in IL-6, whereas a shorter sleep duration was associated with an increase in TNF.”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS > Naturalistic Sleep Disturbance and Inflammation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Patel et al. 2009
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“with recent findings indicating that sleep disturbance has a critical role in mediating the association between depressive symptoms and hypertension incidence (Gangwisch et al. 2010) as well as all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality (Azevedo Da Silva et al. 2014)”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS > Sleep Disturbance, Sleep Duration, and Cardiovascular Disease
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gangwisch et al. 2010
- Not checked yetcites Azevedo Da Silva et al. 2014
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Suarez (2008) found that overall poor sleep quality was associated with increases inflammatory biomarkers, but only for women”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS > Naturalistic Sleep Disturbance and Inflammation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Suarez 2008
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“During NREM or SWS, sympathetic activity is decreased; during REM sleep, SNS outflow is higher, similar to daytime levels (Somers et al. 1993).”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS > Sympathetic Mechanisms Linking Sleep Disturbance and Inflammation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Somers et al. 1993
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Immunologic response to vaccination is a valid proxy for infectious disease risk.
“Research on the effects of sleep loss on vaccine responses provides a translational perspective on the sleep-related changes in adaptive immunity by identifying clinically relevant endpoints related to infectious disease risk including immunologic response to vaccination.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Findings from experimental sleep deprivation in healthy adults generalize to naturalistic sleep disturbance and clinical populations.
“In humans, partial sleep deprivation mimics the ubiquitous sleep disturbance found in persons exposed to social adversity or who are aged and most vulnerable to infectious diseases.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Hence, the findings of increased TNF production in the morning after sleep deprivation by Irwin et al. (256) may reflect a rebound effect of sleep, as participants were allowed to sleep in the second night half before blood was collected in the morning.”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [256]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Sleep of adequate duration and quality is important for good human physical and mental health.97–100”
From The 2024 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: facing record-breaking threats from delayed action (2024) · cites this paper as [100]
In the citing paper
“Intracellular IL-6 production was not altered acutely during sleep compared with nocturnal wakefulness (147), but was increased in the morning after one night of partial sleep loss in healthy humans (89, 256, 262, 264).”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [256]
In the citing paper
“Following sleep deprivation in the first night half, TNF production in monocytes and TNF mRNA were shown to be increased in the morning (256, 262, 264).”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [256]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES > Nocturnal Profile of Adaptive Immunity
“levels of IL-2 are similar during a night of uninterrupted sleep or partial sleep loss”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE RISK > Experimental Sleep Loss and Adaptive Immunity
“Both partial- and total-night sleep deprivation reduce T cell production of IL-2”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP: ASSESSMENT OF SLEEP AND INSOMNIA > Sleep Characteristics
“sleep efficiency or the ratio of wake time to time in bed”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SUMMARY POINTS
“Sleep deprivation and naturalistic disturbance of sleep (i.e., short sleep duration or reduced sleep efficiency) impair adaptive immunity”
Citations
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“Inflammatory responses are thought to be linked to 15–20% of all deaths from cancer worldwide (Mantovani et al. 2008), in part due to cancer-related activation of NF-κB and multiple inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) (Karin 2006).”
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“Partial-night sleep deprivation induces an increase in TLR-4-stimulated production of IL-6 and TNF, which is especially prominent in women who show sustained elevations ADRB2 TLR4 Circulation SNS nerve fibers Cardiovascular disease Major depressive disorder Cancer NF-κB Expression of proinflammatory immune response ge…”
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“One example is the Insomnia Severity Index, which assesses sleep quality, fatigue, psychological symptoms, and quality of life, with a high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of insomnia cases (Morin et al. 2011).”
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Ohayon, M. M. (2002) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2002.0186 · Cited by 3,743 · cited 1×
“…about 25% of the population of the United States report insomnia complaints (LeBlanc et al. 2009), and nearly 10% fulfill diagnostic criteria for chronic insomnia (Morin et al. 2006b; Ohayon 1996, 2002), which is persistent for as long as three years in nearly 50% of patients (Morin et al. 2009).”
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“Transcription factor binding motifs that were overrepresented in the sleep-deprivation condition included the promoters of genes involved in regulation by cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA)-induced transcription factors of the cAMP response element–binding protein/activating transcription facto…”
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“…the role of insomnia in the onset of depression (for a review, see Riemann 2010), with meta-analytic findings showing that sleep disturbance yields a twofold increased risk of depression (Baglioni et al. 2011) or is one of the first clinical signs of a depressive disorder (Dryman & Eaton 1991).”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Irwin, M. R., Olmstead, R., & Carroll, J. E. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.014 · Cited by 2,085
“Whereas no study has systematically evaluated whether elevated levels of inflammation mediate the association between sleep disturbance and cardiovascular disease or other diseases that have an inflammatory component including cancer and depression, extensive data show that sleep disturbance, as well as extremes of sl…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationThe Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease
Besedovsky, L., Lange, T., & Haack, M. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00010.2018 · Cited by 1,479
“To conclude, habitual short sleep duration and chronic sleep disturbances are related to a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, chronic pain conditions, some forms of cancer, and neuropsychiatric disease (255), all of which involve immune dysregulations.”
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Sleep and inflammation: partners in sickness and in health
Irwin, M. R. (2019) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-019-0190-z · Cited by 1,138
Self-citationInflammation: Depression Fans the Flames and Feasts on the Heat
Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Derry, H. M., & Fagundes, C. P. (2015) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15020152 · Cited by 844
“Can normalize sleep (75) Patients with lower CRP responded”
BackgroundInfluentialRomanello, M., Walawender, M., Hsu, S.-C., Moskeland, A., Palmeiro-Silva, Y., Scamman, D., Ali, Z., Ameli, N., Angelova, D., Ayeb-Karlsson, S., et al. (2024) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01822-1 · Cited by 897
Insomnia and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Javaheri, S., & Redline, S. S. (2017) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2017.01.026 · Cited by 757
Sleep health: Reciprocal regulation of sleep and innate immunity
Irwin, M. R., & Opp, M. R. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.148 · Cited by 624
“…studies using epidemiological and naturalistic cross-sectional designs have evaluated the associations between sleep disturbance (insomnia complaints, poor sleep quality, and/or insufficient sleep) and inflammation in community- and clinical populations, with varying findings (Irwin, 2015, 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationImplications of sleep disturbance and inflammation for Alzheimer's disease dementia
Irwin, M. R., & Vitiello, M. V. (2019) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30450-2 · Cited by 611
Self-citationRole of sleep deprivation in immune-related disease risk and outcomes
Garbarino, S., Lanteri, P., Bragazzi, N. L., Magnavita, N., & Scoditti, E. (2021) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02825-4 · Cited by 665
Lovesick: How Couples’ Relationships Influence Health
Kiecolt‐Glaser, J. K., & Wilson, S. J. (2017) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045111 · Cited by 550
“Heightened inflammation characterizes a number of disorders and systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, chronic pain, and psoriasis; each of these also features an elevated risk for depression (Shelton & Miller 2010, Slavich &…”
InfluentialBehaviorally Assessed Sleep and Susceptibility to the Common Cold
Prather, A. A., Janicki‐Deverts, D., Hall, M. H., & Cohen, S. (2015) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.4968 · Cited by 422
Recovery of the immune system after exercise
Peake, J. M., Neubauer, O., Walsh, N. P., & Simpson, R. J. (2016) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00622.2016 · Cited by 395
“Subtle immune changes have been observed after a night without sleep, including a shift toward a T helper 2 cytokine profile (46).”
BackgroundSejbuk, M., Mirończuk-Chodakowska, I., & Witkowska, A. M. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14091912 · Cited by 458
“Sleep is a natural and reversible condition that is controlled primarily by neurobiological processes, and it is a physiological part of human life that is necessary to the maintenance of health and wellbeing [1,2].”
BackgroundInfluentialFatigue and its management in the workplace
Caldwell, J. A., Caldwell, J. L., Thompson, L., & Lieberman, H. R. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.024 · Cited by 444
The effect of physical activity on sleep quality: a systematic review
Wang, F.-F., & Boros, S. (2019) · European Journal of Physiotherapy · doi:10.1080/21679169.2019.1623314 · Cited by 355
The relationship between sleep and work: A meta-analysis.
Litwiller, B. J., Snyder, L. A., Taylor, W. D., & Steele, L. M. (2016) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000169 · Cited by 356
Sleep deprivation and stress: a reciprocal relationship
Nollet, M., Wisden, W., & Franks, N. P. (2020) · Interface Focus · doi:10.1098/rsfs.2019.0092 · Cited by 324
The microbiota-gut-brain axis in sleep disorders
Wang, Z., Wang, Z., Lu, T., Chen, W., Yan, W., Yuan, K., Shi, L., Liu, X., Zhou, X., Shi, J., et al. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101691 · Cited by 302
“Sleep is an essential and complex physiological process of the body [1], which plays a vital role in maintaining physical and mental health.”
The effects of physical activity on cortisol and sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
De Nys, L., Anderson, K., Ofosu, E. F., Ryde, G. C., Connelly, J., & Whittaker, A. C. (2022) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105843 · Cited by 279
“Sleep problems are associated with poorer quality of life and several comorbidities, such as cardiovascular problems, cancer, mental and physical health issues, and contribute to all-cause mortality (Irwin, 2015; Kripke et al., 2002; Mallon et al., 2002; Simon and VonKorff, 1997).”
BackgroundSleep Hygiene for Optimizing Recovery in Athletes: Review and Recommendations
Vitale, K. C., Owens, R., Hopkins, S. R., & Malhotra, A. (2019) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/a-0905-3103 · Cited by 264
“Inadequate sleep duration in the general population has been associated with a myriad of negative health effects including neurocognitive, metabolic, immunologic and cardiovascular dysfunction [14].”
BackgroundSlow-wave sleep: From the cell to the clinic
Léger, D., Debellemanière, E., Rabat, A., Bayon, V., Benchenane, K., & Chennaoui, M. (2018) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2018.01.008 · Cited by 284
Rising temperatures erode human sleep globally
Minor, K., Bjerre-Nielsen, A., Jonasdottir, S. S., Lehmann, S., & Obradovich, N. (2022) · One Earth · doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2022.04.008 · Cited by 261
Supratak, A., & Guo, Y. (2020) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176741 · Cited by 266
“Polysomnography (PSG) is a sleep study to objectively assess the quality of sleep, which plays a vital role in promoting mental and physical health [1].”
BackgroundYou, Y., Chen, Y., Wen, F., Li, X., Wang, R., Liu, J., & Ma, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1080782 · Cited by 263
Irwin, M. R., Olmstead, R., Breen, E. C., Witarama, T., Carrillo, C., Sadeghi, N., Arevalo, J. M. G., Ma, J., Nicassio, P., Bootzin, R., et al. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.01.010 · Cited by 227
“Given evidence linking sleep disturbance, as well as related arousal mechanisms to inflammatory dynamics (8), we hypothesized that both CBT-I and TCC in this same sample (n 5 123) would reverse increases in levels of CRP, increases in TLR-4 induced activation of monocyte production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor ne…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationOn inflammatory hypothesis of depression: what is the role of IL-6 in the middle of the chaos?
Roohi, E., Jaafari, N., & Hashemian, F. (2021) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-021-02100-7 · Cited by 256
“For instance, increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been reported in generalized anxiety disorder [93–95], obsessivecompulsive disorder [96], posttraumatic stress disorder [97, 98], and sleep disorder [99].”
BackgroundAndersen, M. L., Araujo, P., Frange, C., & Tufik, S. (2018) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2018.07.019 · Cited by 218
Efficacy and safety of acupuncture treatment on primary insomnia: a randomized controlled trial.
Yin, X., Gou, M., Xu, J., Dong, B., Yin, P., Masquelin, F., Wu, J.-Y., Lao, L., & Xu, S.-F. (2017) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2017.02.012 · Cited by 205
Irwin, M. R., Olmstead, R. E., Carrillo, C., Sadeghi, N., Nicassio, P. M., Ganz, P. A., & Bower, J. E. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2016.71.0285 · Cited by 215
Self-citationConséquences psychopathologiques du confinement
Mengin, A., Allé, M. C., Rolling, J., Ligier, F., Schroder, C., Lalanne, L., Berna, F., Jardri, R., Vaiva, G., Geoffroy, P. A., et al. (2020) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2020.04.007 · Cited by 203
“Il faut souligner par ailleurs qu’une réduction du temps de sommeil, qu’elle soit liée à un changement de rythme, un haut niveau de stress ou les deux, peut, d’une part, rendre les sujets plus vulnérables aux infections virales [60], augmenter le risque de troubles psychiatriques et addictifs [61], mais aussi avoir un…”
BackgroundSleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes
Doherty, R., Madigan, S., Warrington, G., & Ellis, J. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11040822 · Cited by 186
“Acute sleep deprivation and sleep disturbance (short sleep duration or reduced sleep efficiency) impair adaptive immunity which is associated with reduced response to vaccinations and increased vulnerability to infectious diseases, attributed to reduced growth hormone release during deep sleep and increased sympatheti…”
BackgroundBlair, L. M., Porter, K., Leblebicioglu, B., & Christian, L. M. (2015) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.4904 · Cited by 179
Sex Differences in Depression: Does Inflammation Play a Role?
Derry, H. M., Padin, A. C., Kuo, J. L.-S., Hughes, S., & Kiecolt‐Glaser, J. K. (2015) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-015-0618-5 · Cited by 183
The Effects of Insomnia and Sleep Loss on Cardiovascular Disease
Khan, M. S., & Aouad, R. (2017) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2017.01.005 · Cited by 185
Recommendations to maintain immune health in athletes
Walsh, N. P. (2018) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2018.1449895 · Cited by 176
Circadian and sleep dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease
Uddin, M. S., Tewari, D., Mamun, A. A., Kabir, M. T., Niaz, K., Wahed, M. I. I., Barreto, G. E., & Ashraf, G. M. (2020) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101046 · Cited by 183
Jonasdottir, S. S., Minor, K., & Lehmann, S. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa169 · Cited by 192
The sleep–wake Cycle and Alzheimer’s Disease: What do We know?
Lim, M. M., Gerstner, J. R., & Holtzman, D. M. (2014) · Neurodegenerative Disease Management · doi:10.2217/nmt.14.33 · Cited by 168
“86 Irwin MR. Why sleep Is important for health: a psychoneuroimmunology perspective. Annu. Rev. Psychol doi:10.1146/ annurevpsych010213115205 (2014) (Epub ahed of print).”
BackgroundInfluentialPsychological, addictive, and health behavior implications of the COVID-19 pandemic
Zvolensky, M. J., Garey, L., Rogers, A. H., Schmidt, N. B., Vujanovic, A. A., Storch, E. A., Buckner, J. D., Paulus, D. J., Alfano, C. A., Smits, J. A. J., et al. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103715 · Cited by 175
“Sleep is a fundamentally restorative process, but it is also highly responsive to stress (Irwin, 2015).”
Irwin, M. R., Witarama, T., Caudill, M. M., Olmstead, R., & Breen, E. C. (2014) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.09.017 · Cited by 168
“…are associated with adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, and all cause mortality (Dew et al., 2003; Irwin, 2013, 2015; Li et al., 2014; Vgontzas et al., 2010), and such health risks are further elevated among those who have both sleep disturbance…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationHangouche, A. J. E., Jniene, A., Aboudrar, S., Errguig, L., Rkain, H., Cherti, M., & Dakka, T. (2018) · Advances in Medical Education and Practice · doi:10.2147/amep.s162350 · Cited by 161
“In fact, sleep represents a set of many physiologic processes under primarily neurobiological regulation that impact several physiologic systems including the neurocognitive functioning.(19,24) For instance, a number of studies have demonstrated that a period of sleep protects memories from interference, improves perf…”
Fernandez-Mendoza, J., Baker, J. H., Vgontzas, A. N., Gaines, J., Liao, D., & Bixler, E. O. (2017) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.12.026 · Cited by 155
“Chronic low-grade inflammation has been proposed as one of the potential paths by which insomnia can lead to adverse health outcomes (Irwin, 2015; Vgontzas et al., 2002, 2013).”
BackgroundGao, C., & Scullin, M. K. (2020) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2020.06.032 · Cited by 147
“Special attention should be paid to improving the sleep health of these at-risk individuals because sleep quality underlies cognitive, mental, and physical health, including the likelihood of resisting viral infections [8,9].”
BackgroundManchanda, S., Singh, H., Kaur, T., & Kaur, G. (2018) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-018-3343-7 · Cited by 151
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is Associated with Better Sleep Quality in Italian Adults
Godos, J., Ferri, R., Caraci, F., Cosentino, F. I. I., Castellano, S., Galvano, F., & Grosso, G. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11050976 · Cited by 145
“The mechanisms mediating the relation between sleep and health status are not entirely clear, but are likely to be multifactorial, involving hormonal disruption, metabolic impairment, and inflammatory processes [4,5].”
BackgroundWitek Janusek, L., Tell, D., & Mathews, H. L. (2019) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.012 · Cited by 143
Besedovsky, L., Ngo, H.-V. V., Dimitrov, S., Gassenmaier, C., Lehmann, R., & Born, J. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02170-3 · Cited by 144
Which Is More Important for Health: Sleep Quantity or Sleep Quality?
Kohyama, J. (2021) · Children · doi:10.3390/children8070542 · Cited by 162
“At least people in the modern society of Japan seem to be trying to reduce the duration of their sleep on the basis of the superficial idea that they can live effective lives without sleep, although much information on the importance of sleep has accumulated [1].”
BackgroundCudney, L. E., Frey, B. N., McCabe, R. E., & Green, S. M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.9708 · Cited by 174
Li, D., Ko, N., Chen, Y., Wang, P., Chang, Y., Yen, C., & Lu, W.-H. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17124479 · Cited by 140
“Fourth, sleep disturbance may worsen physical health [32].”
BackgroundCOVID-19-related mobility reduction: heterogenous effects on sleep and physical activity rhythms
Ong, J. L., Lau, T., Massar, S. A. A., Chong, Z. T., Ng, B. K. L., Koek, D., Zhao, W., Yeo, B. T. T., Cheong, K., & Chee, M. W. L. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa179 · Cited by 135
Palagini, L., Bastien, C., Marazziti, D., Ellis, J. G., & Riemann, D. W. (2019) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12841 · Cited by 139
“Prolonged total sleep deprivation has also been shown to result in increases in circulating markers of inflammation with an increase of CRP, TNF and IL (Irwin, 2015; Irwin & Opp, 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialCohen, S. (2020) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691620942516 · Cited by 146
“…may mediate (or partially mediate) the associations between the expression and severity of symptoms of respiratory infections and smoking (Zhou et al., 2016), alcohol consumption (Ridker et al., 1998), poor sleep (Irwin, 2015), and insufficient exercise (Martin et al., 2009; Nieman, 1994).”
BackgroundInfluentialMarriage, divorce, and the immune system.
Kiecolt‐Glaser, J. K. (2018) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000388 · Cited by 148
“Disturbed sleep, a cardinal depressive symptom, increases the risk for depression twofold (Irwin, 2015).”
InfluentialSleep and immunity in times of COVID-19
Silva, E. D. S. M. E., Ono, B. H. V. S., & Souza, J. C. (2020) · Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira · doi:10.1590/1806-9282.66.s2.143 · Cited by 129
Obstructive sleep apnea and cancer: Epidemiologic links and theoretical biological constructs
Gozal, D., Farré, R., & Nieto, F. J. (2015) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.05.006 · Cited by 130
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in primary sleep disorders
Lanza, G., Fisicaro, F., Cantone, M., Pennisi, M., Cosentino, F., Lanuzza, B., Tripodi, M., Bella, R., Paulus, W., & Ferri, R. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101735 · Cited by 133
Has adult sleep duration declined over the last 50+ years?
Youngstedt, S. D., Goff, E. E., Reynolds, A., Kripke, D. F., Irwin, M. R., Bootzin, R. R., Khan, N., & Jean‐Louis, G. (2015) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.08.004 · Cited by 123
Self-citationDissociable effects of self-reported daily sleep duration on high-level cognitive abilities
Wild, C. J., Nichols, E. S., Battista, M. E., Stojanoski, B., & Owen, A. M. (2018) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy182 · Cited by 123
“Regular and sufficient sleep helps maintain numerous aspects of physical and mental health [1, 2], but countless ordinary life circumstances, such as parenthood, demanding professions, studying, illness, or lifestyle choices often prevent people from getting a full night’s sleep.”
BackgroundBjurstrom, M. F., & Irwin, M. R. (2016) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.03.004 · Cited by 123
Self-citationThe Effects of Insomnia and Sleep Loss on Cardiovascular Disease
Khan, M. S., & Aouad, R. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.02.008 · Cited by 132
Nocturnal Pruritus: The Battle for a Peaceful Night’s Sleep
Lavery, M. J., Stull, C. M., Kinney, M. O., & Yosipovitch, G. (2016) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms17030425 · Cited by 124
“Cerebral metabolic waste products are processed, immune surveillance and cytokine regulation is facilitated and processes related to synaptic homeostasis are carried out [7–10].”
BackgroundSleep and Development: Familial and Socio-cultural Considerations
El‐Sheikh, M., Kelly, R. J., & Philbrook, L. E. (2017) · National symposium on family issues · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64780-7_2 · Cited by 118
Intraindividual variability in sleep and comorbid medical and mental health conditions
Slavish, D. C., Taylor, D. J., & Lichstein, K. L. (2019) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsz052 · Cited by 116
“Greater IIV in wake time and time in bed also has been associated with higher IL-6 among good sleepers, and greater IIV in bedtime has been associated with higher TNF-α in both good and poor sleepers [24].”
BackgroundAcute and chronic sleep deprivation in residents: Cognition and stress biomarkers
Choshen‐Hillel, S., Ishqer, A., Mahameed, F., Reiter, J. M., Gozal, D., Gileles‐Hillel, A., & Berger, I. (2020) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/medu.14296 · Cited by 123
Sleep and Physiological Dysregulation: A Closer Look at Sleep Intraindividual Variability
Bei, B., Seeman, T. E., Carroll, J., & Wiley, J. F. (2017) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsx109 · Cited by 118
Circadian Rhythm and Alzheimer’s Disease
Homolak, J., Mudrovčić, M., Vukić, B., & Toljan, K. (2018) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci6030052 · Cited by 120
“Chronic sleep deprivation is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and immune system alterations [45,46].”
BackgroundInsomnia in women approaching menopause: Beyond perception
Baker, F. C., Willoughby, A. R., Sassoon, S. A., Colrain, I. M., & de Zambotti, M. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.06.005 · Cited by 117
“depression) consequences (Buysse, 2013; Irwin, 2015), yet it is under-appreciated and under-treated, possibly due to its subjective diagnostic nature and multifactorial etiology making it difficult to recognize and treat.”
BackgroundInfluentialCho, H. J., Seeman, T. E., Kiefe, C. I., Lauderdale, D. S., & Irwin, M. R. (2015) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.023 · Cited by 108
“One of the most intensely investigated biological mechanisms underlying these effects is systemic inflammation (Irwin, 2015; Motivala, 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe effect of insomnia on development of Alzheimer’s disease
Sadeghmousavi, S., Eskian, M., Rahmani, F., & Rezaei, N. (2020) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-020-01960-9 · Cited by 122
Zhang, J., Xu, D., Xie, B., Zhang, Y., Huang, H., Liu, H., Chen, H., Sun, Y., Shang, Y., Hashimoto, K., et al. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.075 · Cited by 106
“Sleep disturbance impairs innate and adaptive immune responses and activates inflammation, with an increase in circulating inflammatory cytokines due to disruption of the circadian rhythms (Haack et al., 2007; Irwin, 2015; Vgontzas et al., 2004).”
Neurobiological and Hormonal Mechanisms Regulating Women’s Sleep
Dorsey, A., de Lecea, L., & Jennings, K. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.625397 · Cited by 100
“Disrupted sleep negatively impacts cognition, risk of disease and obesity, and numerous indicators of health (Meng et al., 2013; Vgontzas et al., 2013; Irwin, 2015; Schmid et al., 2015; Smith and Mong, 2019).”
BackgroundRepeated sleep disruption in mice leads to persistent shifts in the fecal microbiome and metabolome
Bowers, S. J., Vargas, F., González, A., He, S., Jiang, P., Dorrestein, P. C., Knight, R. D., Wright, K. P., Lowry, C. A., Fleshner, M., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0229001 · Cited by 99
“Inadequate sleep can lead to metabolic[1], immunologic[2, 3], and cognitive deficits[4].”
BackgroundPalagini, L., Geoffroy, P. A., Miniati, M., Perugi, G., Biggio, G., Marazziti, D., & Riemann, D. W. (2021) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852921000018 · Cited by 98
Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: associations with sleep duration, insomnia, and inflammation
Dolsen, E. A., Prather, A. A., Lamers, F., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720000860 · Cited by 98
A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Sleep Problems and Loneliness
Hom, M. A., Chu, C., Rogers, M. L., & Joiner, T. E. (2020) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702620922969 · Cited by 113
“Such data are concerning given that poor sleep has been linked with a range of physical and mental health problems (for review, see Ford & Kamerow, 1989; Irwin, 2015; Owens, 2007; Pigeon, Pinquart, & Conner, 2012; Sateia, Doghramji, Hauri, & Morin, 2000).”
BackgroundSuzuki, H., Savitz, J. B., Teague, T. K., Gandhapudi, S. K., Tan, C., Misaki, M., McKinney, B. A., Irwin, M. R., Drevets, W. C., & Bodurka, J. (2017) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2017.06.011 · Cited by 96
“One potential upstream cause of the depression-associated dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and the kynurenine pathway, is a disturbance in sleep.”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe REM sleep circuit and how its impairment leads to REM sleep behavior disorder
Iranzo, Á. (2018) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-018-2852-8 · Cited by 92
Saxbe, D., Schetter, C. D., Guardino, C. M., Ramey, S. L., Shalowitz, M. U., Thorp, J. M., & Vance, M. R. (2016) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-016-9815-7 · Cited by 96
“These findings fit with recent research identifying sleep as a critical health behavior influencing inflammation, mood, and long-term health [29].”
ResultVasciaveo, V., Iadarola, A., Casile, A., Dante, D., Morello, G., Minotta, L., Tamagno, E., Cicolin, A., & Guglielmotto, M. (2023) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-022-01498-2 · Cited by 101
“Indeed, this process is a highly conserved physiological phenomenon among mammals and it is important for multiple physiological activities, including cognitive abilities, immune function, and hormone release [32, 33].”
BackgroundKip, E., & Parr‐Brownlie, L. C. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1092537 · Cited by 105
“Reduced sleep has been associated with increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α in the blood (Vgontzas et al., 2004; Irwin, 2015), with microglia activation playing a key role (Wisor et al., 2011; Nadjar et al., 2017).”
BackgroundTroxel, W., DeSantis, A. S., Richardson, A. S., Beckman, R., Ghosh‐Dastidar, B., Nugroho, A. K., Hale, L. E., Buysse, D. J., Buman, M. P., & Dubowitz, T. (2018) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy140 · Cited by 89
Insomnia and Telomere Length in Older Adults
Carroll, J. E., Esquivel, S., Goldberg, A., Seeman, T. E., Effros, R. B., Dock, J., Olmstead, R., Breen, E. C., & Irwin, M. R. (2016) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.5526 · Cited by 85
Self-citationReported sleep duration reveals segmentation of the adult life-course into three phases
Coutrot, A., Lázár, A. S., Richards, M., Manley, E., Wiener, J. M., Dalton, R., Hornberger, M., & Spiers, H. J. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34624-8 · Cited by 91
“Sleep has a profound effect on our bodily functions ranging from the way our genes and cells operate 2 through various physiological processes, from immunity and metabolism 3 to complex brain functions involving cognition and mental health 4 – 6 .”
Well-being and immune response: a multi-system perspective
Lasselin, J., Alvarez‐Salas, E., & Grigoleit, J. (2016) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2016.05.003 · Cited by 91
Sleep and Inflammation During Adolescence
Park, H., Tsai, K. M., Dahl, R. E., Irwin, M. R., McCreath, H. E., Seeman, T. E., & Fuligni, A. J. (2016) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000340 · Cited by 80
“robustly associated with inflammation than sleep quantity among adults (12), little research has examined the role of perceived sleep quality among adolescents.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationSensors Capabilities, Performance, and Use of Consumer Sleep Technology
de Zambotti, M., Cellini, N., Menghini, L., Sarlo, M., & Baker, F. C. (2020) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2019.11.003 · Cited by 95
“Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1984; 53(3):231–6.”
BackgroundInfluentialHuberty, J. L., Green, J., Puzia, M. E., Larkey, L., Laird, B., Vranceanu, A.-M., Vlisides-Henry, R., & Irwin, M. R. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244717 · Cited by 73
Self-citationPhysical Activity and Sleep Quality Association in Different Populations: A Meta-Analysis
Zhao, H., Lu, C., & Yi, C. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20031864 · Cited by 79
“At the same time, lack of sleep can also make people irritable, depressed, distracted, react slowly and display other mental illnesses [5].”
BackgroundSalfi, F., Amicucci, G., Corigliano, D., D’Atri, A., Viselli, L., Tempesta, D., & Ferrara, M. (2021) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsab080 · Cited by 79
Heyat, M. B. B., Lai, D., Wu, K., Akhtar, F., Sultana, A., Tumrani, S., Teelhawod, B. N., Abbasi, R., Kamal, M. A., & Muaad, A. Y. M. (2022) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612829666221201161636 · Cited by 82
Sleep disturbance and the long-term impact of early adversity
Fuligni, A. J., Chiang, J. J., & Tottenham, N. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.021 · Cited by 82
“Natural variations in sleep disturbances and shorter sleep duration are also linked to elevated levels of CRP and IL-6 (Irwin et al., 2016) and to poorer adaptive immune responses to vaccinations (Irwin, 2015) among adults.”
BackgroundSleep and COVID-19: considerations about immunity, pathophysiology, and treatment.
(2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20200062 · Cited by 77
“Although SD alone does not significantly alter immune cell numbers 39 , chronic insomnia has been shown to alter the relative distribution of immune cell phenotypes, with a steep decrease in CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cell counts, for example 40 .”
BackgroundObstructive Sleep Apnea and Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Cheong, A. J. Y., Tan, B. K. J., Teo, Y. H., Tan, N. K. W., Yap, D. W. T., Sia, C., Ong, T. H., Leow, L. C., See, A., & Toh, S. T. (2021) · Annals of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/annalsats.202108-960oc · Cited by 76
Sleep disturbance and kynurenine metabolism in depression
Cho, H. J., Savitz, J. B., Dantzer, R., Teague, T. K., Drevets, W. C., & Irwin, M. R. (2017) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.05.016 · Cited by 78
Self-citationImproving the quality of life of people with advanced respiratory disease and severe breathlessness
Booth, S., & Johnson, M. J. (2019) · Breathe · doi:10.1183/20734735.0200-2019 · Cited by 79
Effects of Sleep Deprivation on the Tryptophan Metabolism
Bhat, A., Pires, A. S., Tan, V. X., Chidambaram, S. B., & Guillemin, G. J. (2020) · International Journal of Tryptophan Research · doi:10.1177/1178646920970902 · Cited by 81
Sleep Disturbance, Sleep Disorders and Co-Morbidities in the Care of the Older Person
Carthy, C. E. M. (2021) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci9020031 · Cited by 89
Metadata
- Authors
- Irwin, M. R.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Irwin, Michael R.
- ORCID
- Irwin, Michael R.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2015-01-03
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 143-172
- ISSN
- 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2085
- PMC
- PMC4961463
- OpenAlex
- W2125158184
- Semantic Scholar
- d759f8bbeb16d0fa5077fc8d5439c63c7b49ee94
- Cited by
- 1,325
- References
- 202
- Citations by year
- 2026: 165 · 2025: 172 · 2024: 156 · 2023: 153 · 2022: 137 · 2021: 125 · 2020: 155 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 26
- FWCI
- 4.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG026364, R01AG034588)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL079955, R01HL095799)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA032922)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA160245, R01CA119159)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep, sleep disorders, insomnia, sleep restriction, psychoneuroimmunology, adaptive immunity, innate immunity, antiviral immunity, vaccine response, infectious disease risk, pro-inflammatory response, cardiovascular disease, cancer, depression, neuroendocrine regulation, autonomic nervous system, sleep interventions, sleep health
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Immune System, Inflammation, Psychoneuroimmunology, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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