The DOI matches its Crossref record; 203 of the 203 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 130 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective
Open accessAbstract
Sleep has a critical role in promoting health. Research over the past decade has documented that sleep disturbance has a powerful influence on the risk of infectious disease, the occurrence and progression of several major medical illnesses including cardiovascular disease and cancer, and the incidence of depression. Increasingly, the field has focused on identifying the biological mechanisms underlying these effects. This review highlights the impact of sleep on adaptive and innate immunity, with consideration of the dynamics of sleep disturbance, sleep restriction, and insomnia on (a) antiviral immune responses with consequences for vaccine responses and infectious disease risk and (b) proinflammatory immune responses with implications for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and depression. This review also discusses the neuroendocrine and autonomic neural underpinnings linking sleep disturbance and immunity and the reciprocal links between sleep and inflammatory biology. Finally, interventions are discussed as effective strategies to improve sleep, and potential opportunities are identified to promote sleep health for therapeutic control of chronic infectious, inflammatory, and neuropsychiatric diseases.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This review argues that sleep disturbance impairs adaptive immunity and increases inflammation through HPA-axis and sympathetic pathways, linking sleep to infectious disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and depression. It synthesizes evidence that behavioral sleep treatments may reduce inflammatory markers, though mediation by inflammation remains unproven.
Key findings
- Insomnia complaints occur in nearly 25% of the US population, nearly 10% meet diagnostic criteria for chronic insomnia, and insomnia persists for as long as three years in nearly 50% of patients.
- Experimental sleep loss reduces T-cell IL-2 production, shifts Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2, reduces monocyte IL-12, and increases IL-10; partial sleep loss reduced influenza A vaccine response by over 50%, and shorter sleep duration (<6 h) was linked to decreased hepatitis B vaccine protection in 125 midlife adults.
- Sleep loss and short sleep increase inflammatory markers including CRP, IL-6, TNF, IL-1β, and IL-17 via NF-κB and TLR-4 signaling; insomnia with short sleep duration (≤5 h) was associated with a fivefold greater risk of hypertension and a fourfold increased risk of incident hypertension, while persistent insomnia conferred a 14-fold greater risk of depression in the following year.
- Behavioral treatments may reduce inflammation: cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia was associated with 50% lower CRP one year after treatment among those with insomnia remission, and tai chi improved insomnia complaints, augmented herpes zoster vaccine responses, and reduced IL-6.
Methods
- Narrative review of psychoneuroimmunology literature; no primary data collection. It synthesizes human and animal experimental sleep deprivation, naturalistic sleep disturbance, epidemiologic cohorts, vaccine response studies, and behavioral intervention trials.
- Main analysis is a conceptual integration of sleep effects on adaptive and innate immunity, HPA-axis and sympathetic nervous system pathways, inflammatory signaling, and disease outcomes; no formal systematic search or meta-analysis is described.
Limitations
- Stated: no prospective study has systematically evaluated whether elevated inflammation mediates associations between sleep disturbance and cardiovascular disease or cancer, and the prospective role of sleep disturbance in driving inflammation that mediates depression is not known.
- Stated: epidemiologic findings on insomnia and CRP are mixed; no systematic studies have evaluated sedative hypnotics on markers of inflammation, and no randomized controlled trials have assessed whether inflammation is altered with pharmacotherapy of insomnia.
- Evident: as a narrative review, it lacks systematic search, quality appraisal, and quantitative synthesis; heterogeneity in sleep measures, populations, and study designs limits causal inference.
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Claims the paper makes
96 Not checked yet · 22 Own interpretation · 1 No basis given
In the paper
“the nocturnal increase of natural killer (NK) cell activity, a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system, is dependent in part on sleep”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES > Nocturnal Profile of Innate Immunity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kronfol et al. 1997
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sleep has a critical role in promoting health.”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > Abstract
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“activation of the HPA axis releases cortisol that suppresses proinflammatory and antiviral immune responses by three mechanisms”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Psychoneuroimmunologic Pathways of Immune Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Irwin & Cole 2011
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“sleep disturbance has a powerful influence on the risk of infectious disease”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > Abstract
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“compelling evidence that disturbances of sleep including insomnia complaints and extremes of sleep duration adversely influence risk of infectious and inflammatory disease”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dew et al. 2003
- Not checked yetcites Kripke et al. 2002
- Not checked yetcites Mallon et al. 2002
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“sleep plays an important role in the regulation of the adaptive and innate immune responses”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Innate Immunity
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“evidence indicates that sleep disturbance induces a downregulation of adaptive immunity, as indexed by an impaired response to infectious challenge”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Innate Immunity
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
In the paper
“During sleep, blood levels of cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine drop”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Psychoneuroimmunologic Pathways of Immune Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Besedovsky et al. 2012
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Nocturnal sleep also enhances the production of IL-12 by precursor dendritic cells as well as by monocytes”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES > Nocturnal Profile of Adaptive Immunity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lange et al. 2006b
- Not checked yetcites Lange et al. 2010
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“total night sleep deprivation diminishes the increase in IL-6 by about half”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES > Nocturnal Profile of Innate Immunity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vgontzas et al. 1999
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
- Probably not a substantial claim. 1
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sleep influences the two primary effector systems, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which in turn regulate adaptive and innate immune responses.”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Psychoneuroimmunologic Pathways of Immune Regulation
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Substantial evidence shows that behavioral treatments have robust efficacy, with remission of insomnia sustained in the long term”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Irwin et al. 2006a
- Not checked yetcites Morin et al. 2006a
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“GH and prolactin are well known to enhance the proliferation and differentiation of T cells as well as to promote type 1 cytokine activity”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES > Nocturnal Profile of Innate Immunity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lange et al. 2006a
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“certain aspects of immunity are mainly influenced by circadian processes, whereas other immune measures are primarily steered by sleep”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in the aftermath of sleep disruption, such adrenergic signaling is thought to steer inflammatory gene expression and lead to increases in daytime levels of markers of innate immunity and inflammation”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suggest the possibility that short sleep duration might increase infectious disease risk by increasing susceptibility to viral pathogens or expression of symptoms, or both”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE RISK > Sleep Disturbance and Vaccine Responses
hedgedconditionaln = 125- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the effects of sleep loss were persistent for up to one year, with a reduced frequency of antigen-specific Th cells as well reduced levels of antigen Ag-specific immunoglobulin G1”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE RISK > Sleep Disturbance and Vaccine Responses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lange et al. 2011
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Both partial- and total-night sleep deprivation reduce T cell production of IL-2, and this effect is independent of the total number of circulating T cells”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE RISK > Experimental Sleep Loss and Adaptive Immunity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Born et al. 1997 source
- Not checked yetcites Irwin et al. 1996
- Not checked yetcites Irwin et al. 1999
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nocturnal sleep, as described above, serves to prime the immune system to infectious challenge and to induce nocturnal activation of inflammatory signaling.”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In experimental studies in which healthy adults are inoculated with a rhinovirus that produces symptoms of the common cold, poor sleep efficiency was associated with increased susceptibility to the common cold and greater symptom reporting”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE RISK > Sleep Disturbance and Infectious Disease
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cohen et al. 2009
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Yet, in a vulnerable population of individuals who report chronic sleep disturbance, a single night of sleep loss triggers an activation of inflammation with increases in IL-6 and TNF, which is not found in those who have no underlying sleep problems (Irwin et al. 2004).”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS > Experimental Sleep Loss, Innate Immunity, and Inflammation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Irwin et al. 2004
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Patel et al. (2009) found that each additional hour of sleep duration resulted in an increase in CRP and an increase in IL-6, whereas a shorter sleep duration was associated with an increase in TNF.”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS > Naturalistic Sleep Disturbance and Inflammation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Patel et al. 2009
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“with recent findings indicating that sleep disturbance has a critical role in mediating the association between depressive symptoms and hypertension incidence (Gangwisch et al. 2010) as well as all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality (Azevedo Da Silva et al. 2014)”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS > Sleep Disturbance, Sleep Duration, and Cardiovascular Disease
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gangwisch et al. 2010
- Not checked yetcites Azevedo Da Silva et al. 2014
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Suarez (2008) found that overall poor sleep quality was associated with increases inflammatory biomarkers, but only for women”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS > Naturalistic Sleep Disturbance and Inflammation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Suarez 2008
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“During NREM or SWS, sympathetic activity is decreased; during REM sleep, SNS outflow is higher, similar to daytime levels (Somers et al. 1993).”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, INNATE IMMUNITY, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS > Sympathetic Mechanisms Linking Sleep Disturbance and Inflammation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Somers et al. 1993
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Immunologic response to vaccination is a valid proxy for infectious disease risk.
“Research on the effects of sleep loss on vaccine responses provides a translational perspective on the sleep-related changes in adaptive immunity by identifying clinically relevant endpoints related to infectious disease risk including immunologic response to vaccination.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Findings from experimental sleep deprivation in healthy adults generalize to naturalistic sleep disturbance and clinical populations.
“In humans, partial sleep deprivation mimics the ubiquitous sleep disturbance found in persons exposed to social adversity or who are aged and most vulnerable to infectious diseases.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Sleep of adequate duration and quality is important for good human physical and mental health.97–100”
From The 2024 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: facing record-breaking threats from delayed action (2024) · cites this paper as [100]
In the citing paper
“Hence, the findings of increased TNF production in the morning after sleep deprivation by Irwin et al. (256) may reflect a rebound effect of sleep, as participants were allowed to sleep in the second night half before blood was collected in the morning.”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [256]
In the citing paper
“Intracellular IL-6 production was not altered acutely during sleep compared with nocturnal wakefulness (147), but was increased in the morning after one night of partial sleep loss in healthy humans (89, 256, 262, 264).”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [256]
In the citing paper
“Following sleep deprivation in the first night half, TNF production in monocytes and TNF mRNA were shown to be increased in the morning (256, 262, 264).”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [256]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > IMMUNITY DURING NOCTURNAL SLEEP: CIRCADIAN VERSUS SLEEP PROCESSES > Nocturnal Profile of Adaptive Immunity
“levels of IL-2 are similar during a night of uninterrupted sleep or partial sleep loss”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE RISK > Experimental Sleep Loss and Adaptive Immunity
“Both partial- and total-night sleep deprivation reduce T cell production of IL-2”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SLEEP: ASSESSMENT OF SLEEP AND INSOMNIA > Sleep Characteristics
“sleep efficiency or the ratio of wake time to time in bed”
§ Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective > SUMMARY POINTS
“Sleep deprivation and naturalistic disturbance of sleep (i.e., short sleep duration or reduced sleep efficiency) impair adaptive immunity”
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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“Inflammatory responses are thought to be linked to 15–20% of all deaths from cancer worldwide (Mantovani et al. 2008), in part due to cancer-related activation of NF-κB and multiple inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) (Karin 2006).”
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Medzhitov, R. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07201 · Cited by 6,618 · cited 8×
“Partial-night sleep deprivation induces an increase in TLR-4-stimulated production of IL-6 and TNF, which is especially prominent in women who show sustained elevations ADRB2 TLR4 Circulation SNS nerve fibers Cardiovascular disease Major depressive disorder Cancer NF-κB Expression of proinflammatory immune response ge…”
BackgroundInfluentialMorin, C. M., Belleville, G., Bélanger, L., & Ivers, H. (2011) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/34.5.601 · Cited by 4,620 · cited 1×
“One example is the Insomnia Severity Index, which assesses sleep quality, fatigue, psychological symptoms, and quality of life, with a high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of insomnia cases (Morin et al. 2011).”
BackgroundEpidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn
Ohayon, M. M. (2002) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2002.0186 · Cited by 3,743 · cited 1×
“…about 25% of the population of the United States report insomnia complaints (LeBlanc et al. 2009), and nearly 10% fulfill diagnostic criteria for chronic insomnia (Morin et al. 2006b; Ohayon 1996, 2002), which is persistent for as long as three years in nearly 50% of patients (Morin et al. 2009).”
BackgroundNuclear factor-κB in cancer development and progression
Karin, M. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04870 · Cited by 3,519 · cited 7×
“Transcription factor binding motifs that were overrepresented in the sleep-deprivation condition included the promoters of genes involved in regulation by cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA)-induced transcription factors of the cAMP response element–binding protein/activating transcription facto…”
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“…the role of insomnia in the onset of depression (for a review, see Riemann 2010), with meta-analytic findings showing that sleep disturbance yields a twofold increased risk of depression (Baglioni et al. 2011) or is one of the first clinical signs of a depressive disorder (Dryman & Eaton 1991).”
BackgroundSleep Health: Can We Define It? Does It Matter?
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“The purpose of the present review is to provide an integrated understanding of how sleep health (Buysse 2014) affects one salient biological mechanism, the immune system, with implications for infectious and inflammatory disease risk.”
Background
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
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Integrative Oncology Approaches to Reduce Recurrence of Disease and Improve Survival
Powers-James, C. R., Morse, M., Narayanan, S., Ramondetta, L. M., Lopez, G., Wagner, R., & Cohen, L. G. (2024) · Current Oncology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11912-023-01467-5 · Cited by 10
“Poor sleep negatively impacts metabolic processes, hormone regulation, immune function, and inflammatory pathways [70, 72], as well as all aspects of QOL.”
Association between sleep quality and quality of life in Singapore
Tay, E. H., Koh, Y. S., Vaingankar, J. A., Abdin, E., Sambasivam, R., Zhang, Y., Shafie, S., & Subramaniam, M. (2024) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-024-03621-3 · Cited by 8
“As these age-related sleep changes will eventually lead to a poorer overall sleep quality [27], it will subsequently impair the body’s ability to regulate some of the major physiological systems, such as our immune system and cognitive processes [28, 29].”
Liu, J.-H., Ma, Q., Sun, H., Xu, Y., & Pan, C. (2020) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2020.1711860 · Cited by 8
“Older adults with poor sleep quality were reported to have a higher level of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, and elevated CRP might act as a predictor of depressive symptoms (Irwin, 2015).”
BackgroundJiang, B., He, D., Guo, Z., McClure, M. A., & Gao, Z. (2020) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-020-09768-9 · Cited by 8
Zhang, H., Li, X., Pang, J., Zhao, X., Cao, S., Wang, X., Wang, X., & Li, H. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00493 · Cited by 8
Cerro, E. D., Vida, C., de Toda, I. M., Félix, J., & la Fuente, M. D. (2020) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/s12940-020-00674-y · Cited by 8
Haeffel, G. J. (2016) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000119 · Cited by 9
Pathak, V., Juan, E., van der Goot, R., & Talamini, L. M. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.08.07.455505 · Cited by 8
Winger, T., Chellamuthu, V., Guzenko, D., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1303978 · Cited by 7
Sleep Pattern, Genetic Susceptibility, and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in UK Biobank Participants
Zhu, D., Li, X., Man, Q., Zhao, R., Zhang, S., Han, X. H., Jiang, Y., Xu, K., Chen, X., Suo, C., et al. (2024) · JACC Advances · doi:10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.100967 · Cited by 7
Kovrov, G. V., Посохов, С. И., Черникова, А. Г., et al. (2024) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro202412410160 · Cited by 7
Chen, P., Sun, H., Feng, Y., Zhang, Q., Si, T. L., Su, Z., Cheung, T. C. C., Ungvari, G. S., Zhang, E., Chen, M., et al. (2024) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/da/9920975 · Cited by 9
“Additionally, from a biological perspective, there is compelling evidence that the association between sleep and mental problems, such as depression and anxiety, was mediated by in fl ammation [67].”
Debbiche, I., Wang, C. C., Gomez-Roas, M. V., Foley, O., Grubbs, A. E., & Barber, E. L. (2025) · Gynecologic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2025.01.007 · Cited by 7
Latent profile analysis of factors influencing sleep quality in ICU nurses cross-sectional study
Li, L., Hua, J., Xu, Q., Wu, J., Zhang, Y., Li, F. R., & Yao, H. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-01643-6 · Cited by 8
“This work pressure and patient care burden may lead to higher levels of anxiety and stress among nurses, indirectly affecting their sleep quality through physiological mechanisms such as the neuroendocrine and immune systems, thus affecting sleep quality 27 .”
Gutiérrez‐Espinoza, H., Cassola-Cajiao, M., Garzón-Ulloa, E., Celi-Lalama, D., Araya‐Quintanilla, F., Valenzuela‐Fuenzalida, J. J., & López‐Gil, J. F. (2025) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1499828 · Cited by 8
“Adequate sleep quality and duration have a critical role in optimal physical health, immune function, mental health, and cognition (40).”
Aksaka, N., Şahinkaya, S., & Yay, E. (2025) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-025-06749-x · Cited by 8
“Sleep is essential for maintaining systemic balance, including immune responses, hormone regulation, cardiovascular stability, and mental functioning [1].”
Pu, Y., Qi, X., Huang, L., Wu, W., Zhou, X., Li, W., Zheng, Y., Kong, M., Shen, J., Qi, W., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116297 · Cited by 8
Klyne, D. M., Hall, M., Smith, S. S., Barbe, M. F., Egorova, N., Serafimovska, A., Hodges, P. W., & Suraev, A. S. (2026) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2026.103509 · Cited by 9
Rethinking early Alzheimer’s disease: An impaired internal model updating disorder?
Antonioni, A. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106790 · Cited by 8
Very-Short-Term Sleep Deprivation Slows Early Recovery of Lymphocytes in Septic Patients
Zhang, Y., Wu, Y., Xu, D., Xiao, P., Xie, B., Huang, H., Shang, Y., Yuan, S., & Zhang, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.656615 · Cited by 7
Quach, H. Q., Warner, N. D., Ovsyannikova, I. G., Covassin, N., Poland, G. A., Somers, V. K., & Kennedy, R. B. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1229035 · Cited by 7
“The interplay between sleep and the immune system is intricate (Irwin, 2002; Bryant et al., 2004; Irwin, 2015) and the mechanisms underlying the impact of inadequate sleep on in fl ammatory and antiviral responses have not been fully elucidated.”
BackgroundXu, X., Zhou, W., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Tian, S. T., & Wu, G. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.090 · Cited by 7
Tinnitus and cardiovascular disease: the population-based Tromsø Study (2015–2016)
Ausland, J. H.-L., Engdahl, B., Oftedal, B., Hopstock, L. A., Johnsen, M., & Krog, N. H. (2024) · BMJ Public Health · doi:10.1136/bmjph-2023-000621 · Cited by 7
“15–17 Both chronic stress and sleep disturbance can affect, for example, blood pressure and lipid profile, which might promote the development of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and obesity.”
Yang, Y., Thackray, A. E., Shen, T., Alotaibi, T. F., Alanazi, T. M., Clifford, T., Hartescu, I., King, J. A., Roberts, M. J., Willis, S. A., et al. (2024) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsae250 · Cited by 7
“Sleep is crucial for preserving physiological and cognitive function across the lifespan [1].”
Sleep Quality and Inflammation in Married Heterosexual Couples: an Actor-Partner Analysis
Uchino, B. N., Scott, E. E., de Grey, R. G. K., Hogan, J. N., Trettevik, R., Cronan, S. B., Smith, T. W., & Bosch, J. A. (2019) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-018-09763-2 · Cited by 7
Prawesti, A., Emaliyawati, E., Mirwanti, R., et al. (2019) · Jurnal NERS · doi:10.20473/jn.v14i2.7755 · Cited by 7
“The sleep phase is a very important phase for the baby because during this phase the secretion of growth hormone and body immunity occurs (Irwin, 2015) .”
BackgroundLavín, P., Nazar, R., Nassim, M., Noble, H. R., Solomonova, E., Dikaios, E., Novák, M., Mucsi, I., Trinh, E., Potes, A., et al. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9111410 · Cited by 8
“, insomnia, poor sleep quality, and/or insufficient sleep) contributes to inflammatory disease risk, and that sleep disturbance and inflammation are both thought to have a role in depression [32].”
BackgroundReiter, A. M., Roach, G. D., & Sargent, C. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13683 · Cited by 8
“This result suggests intermediate and late chronotypes may have been less impacted by the circadian drive for wake than early chronotypes, as REM episodes tend to lengthen and dominate sleep prior to full wakening (Carskadon & Dement, 2017; Irwin, 2015).”
BackgroundTheoretical construct into blocks of actigraphic-derived sleep parameters
Galasso, L., Calogiuri, G., Castelli, L., Mulè, A., Esposito, F., Caumo, A., Montaruli, A., & Roveda, E. (2022) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2022.2157737 · Cited by 7
Shi, T., Chen, Z., Li, W., Wang, Z., & Liu, W. (2023) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-023-07655-y · Cited by 7
“However, chronic sleep disturbance can cause unhealthy conditions, various morbidities, impaired cognitive performance, and even death [2, 3].”
BackgroundClinical Spectrum and Trajectory of Innovative Therapeutic Interventions for Insomnia: A Perspective
Lo, Y.-J., Mishra, V. K., Lo, H.-Y., Dubey, N. K., & Lo, W. (2022) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2022.1203 · Cited by 10
“respiratory disorders due to the impact of sleep disturbance on both innate and adaptive immunity [8-10].”
BackgroundKim, Y., Ting, A., Tsai, T. C., & Carver, C. S. (2023) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951523000627 · Cited by 7
Åkerstedt, T., Schwarz, J., Theorell‐Haglöw, J., & Lindberg, E. (2023) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2023.06.029 · Cited by 7
“Subjective sleep problems have a high prevalence in the population, 17.5% for insomnia and 26.6% for “ subsyndromal insomnia ” [31], and are linked to a number of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer ’ s disease, and diabetes [24].”
BackgroundInfluentialEffects of physical activity on sleep quality and wellbeing
Chrysant, S. G. (2024) · Hospital Practice · doi:10.1080/21548331.2024.2320069 · Cited by 7
“In addition, continuous exercise plays an important role in the maintenance of a healthy wellbeing and prevents the incidence of health problems [5–7].”
BackgroundYuan, R., Guo, L., Chen, H., et al. (2017) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2017/7359760 · Cited by 7
“It has been reported that endothelin (ET-1) and proinflammatory cytokines are significantly elevated after SD, while TNF-alpha (TNF-α) is a primary mediator in triggering inflammation and apoptosis in myocardial injury [4, 5, 7].”
BackgroundDo, K.-Y., & Lee, E.-S. (2017) · Journal of dental hygiene science · doi:10.17135/jdhs.2017.17.4.298 · Cited by 7
Mengdi, L. I. N., Ye, M., Peng, J., Kui, Y. I. N., & Zhen, W. A. N. G. (2018) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2018.01096 · Cited by 7
Predictors of behaviour change for unhealthy sleep patterns among Indian dental students
Sharma, A. M., Jain, M., Nahar, V. K., & Sharma, M. (2020) · International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health · doi:10.1515/ijamh-2018-0256 · Cited by 8
Adaptive Multi-Channel Event Segmentation and Feature Extraction for Monitoring Health Outcomes
She, X., Zhai, Y., Henao, R., Woods, C. W., Chiu, C., Ginsburg, G. S., Song, P. X. ‐., & Hero, A. O. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2020.3038652 · Cited by 8
“Sleep has repeatedly been found to be associated with immune, cardiovascular, and neuro-cognitive function [41], [30], among other functions.”
BackgroundUy, J. P., Dieffenbach, M. C., Leschak, C. J., Eisenberger, N. I., Fuligni, A. J., & Galván, A. (2022) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108374 · Cited by 7
Short Sleep Duration and Screen-Based Activities
Alqaderi, H. E., Goodson, J. M., Subramanian, S. V., & Tavares, M. A. (2016) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827616667048 · Cited by 7
NF-κB modifies the mammalian circadian clock through interaction with the core clock protein BMAL1Preprint
Shen, Y., Wang, W., Endale, M. M., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.09.06.285254 · Cited by 7
Relationship between dietary diversity and sleep quality: a Chinese community-based study
Wang, X., Luo, D., Li, T., Li, Y., Deng, S., & Rong, S. (2024) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-024-03006-3 · Cited by 6
“Sleep is a critical physiological function that is vital for sustaining good health [1, 2].”
Sleep and nutrition for athletes. The Nutrition Society, Scottish Section Conference 2024
Doherty, R., Madigan, S. M., Warrington, G. D., & Ellis, J. G. (2024) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665124007535 · Cited by 9
Association of meeting 24-hour movement guidelines with anxiety and depressive symptoms in adults
Tebar, W. R., Aguilar, B. A. S., Delfino, L. D., Beretta, V. S., Brazo‐Sayavera, J., da Silva, D. R. P., da Silva, C. C. M., Ferrari, G., Werneck, A. O., & Christófaro, D. G. D. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-21038-y · Cited by 7
“Second, the components of movement guidelines have been associated with inflammation [66–68], which is associated with symptoms of anxiety and of depression [69, 70].”
Nguyen, D., Tuan, D. L., Abdelaziz, E. O., Alsayed, G. M., Hassan, T. A., Le, Q. T., Mera-Lojano, L. D., Nguyen, D. H., Tawfik, G. M., Thao, H. L. P., et al. (2025) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-025-00323-1 · Cited by 7
Wang, X., Zhong, Y., Wang, R., Zhang, D., Li, Y., Pan, Y., & Li, Y. (2025) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s516062 · Cited by 7
Night-time urban heat exposure: Overheating and thermal resilience of South American bedrooms
Larsen, S. F., & Bre, F. (2025) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113757 · Cited by 6
Zou, G., Liu, J., Zou, Q., et al. (2022) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ac83f2 · Cited by 6
“During training, N seq was set to sixteen based on several studies (Irwin 2015, Supratak et al 2017, Abou Jaoude et al 2020).”
Vasopressin as a Possible Link between Sleep-Disturbances and Memory Problems
Török, B., Varga, J. M., & Zelena, D. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232415467 · Cited by 6
“Irregular sleep or insomnia can induce various diseases including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and psychiatric disorders [88,89].”
BackgroundUncovering Methods and Outcomes of Palliative Care for Geriatric Patients: A Scoping Review
Haroen, H., Harun, H., Sari, C. W. M., & Witdiawati, W. (2023) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s429323 · Cited by 7
Santos, M. A. (2023) · Revista Científica de Salud y Desarrollo Humano · doi:10.61368/r.s.d.h.v3i2.35 · Cited by 6
Strumberger, M. A., Häberling, I. S., Emery, S., Albermann, M., Baumgartner, N., Pedrett, C. I., Wild, S., Contin-Waldvogel, B., Walitza, S., Berger, G. E., et al. (2024) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2024.04.007 · Cited by 6
Ogieuhi, I. J., Ugiomoh, O. M.-A., Awe, M., Khan, M., Kwape, J. M., Akpo, D., Thiyagarajan, B., & Nnekachi, N. P. (2024) · The Egyptian Heart Journal · doi:10.1186/s43044-024-00524-z · Cited by 7
“While good sleep is often described as being essential for good health [60] and good health is described as the absence of illness, it is no surprise that the absence or inability to have proper sleep (either in quality or duration) has been discovered to increase the risk of certain cardiac rhythm…”
BackgroundLv, Z., Ji, Y., Li, C., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.14883 · Cited by 6
Liu, Y., Wang, Z., Cheng, Z., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.10.117 · Cited by 6
Zhang, Y., Ye, H., Cai, Y., Chen, F., Huang, M., Li, M., Yu, Z., Chen, H., Wang, X., Jia, R., et al. (2024) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-024-01786-z · Cited by 6
“Healthy sleep is crucial for maintaining both physical and mental well-being [1].”
Sleep disorders in the acute phase of coronavirus disease 2019: an overview and risk factor study
Li, C., Cai, H., Zhou, Q. T., Zhang, H.-Q., Wang, M., & Kang, H. (2023) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12991-023-00431-8 · Cited by 6
“This finding is consistent with one study indicating that acute sleep disorders did not significantly alter immune cell numbers [39], while chronic sleep disorders altered the relative distribution of immune cell phenotypes in routine blood examinations [40].”
ResultMa, S., Li, P., Li, D., Zhou, M., Li, L., Yin, W., Wang, P., Zhang, Y., Zhu, D., & Zhu, P. (2023) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2023.01.015 · Cited by 6
Izuhara, M., Matsui, K., Yoshiike, T., Kawamura, A., Utsumi, T., Nagao, K., Tsuru, A., Otsuki, R., Kitamura, S., & Kuriyama, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1242302 · Cited by 7
Benham, G., Charak, R., Cano-González, I., Teran, J. M., & Kenemore, J. (2024) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964289.2024.2335175 · Cited by 7
Innovation in the Treatment of Insomnia in Breast Cancer Survivors
Irwin, M. R. (2018) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djy006 · Cited by 6
Self-citationTherapeutic Effect of Berberine on Insomnia Rats by ErbB Signaling Pathway
Wang, Q., Ren, X., Zhang, X., Wang, G., Xu, H., Deng, N., Liu, T., & Peng, Z. (2020) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.921831 · Cited by 6
“More importantly, many observational studies have found that chronic low-grade inflammation is one of the potential pathways leading to adverse health consequences of insomnia [18,19].”
Background[Relationship between sleep quality and bone mineral density in urban residents].
Xiong, M., Liu, X., Li, Y., & Chen, X. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.08.01 · Cited by 6
Song, B., & Zhu, J. (2021) · Annals of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.21037/apm-20-2597 · Cited by 6
“Therefore, it is conceivable that lack of sleep after surgery will fully change the immune function and affect the pathogenesis of AD (45).”
BackgroundChronobiology and the case for sleep health interventions in the community
Ong, H., Lim, C., Png, A., Kong, J., & Peh, A. L. H. (2021) · Singapore Medical Journal · doi:10.11622/smedj.2021058 · Cited by 7
A wrinkle in time: circadian biology in pulmonary vascular health and disease
Bryant, A. J., Ebrahimi, E., Nguyen, A., Wolff, C. A., Gumz, M. L., Liu, A. C., & Esser, K. A. (2021) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00037.2021 · Cited by 6
Analyzing sleep status in children with acute leukemia
Lu, X., Wu, G., & Du, X. (2023) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-023-01409-8 · Cited by 6
Sleep: Not getting enough diminishes vaccine responses
Opp, M. R. (2023) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.003 · Cited by 6
The relationship between binge-watching, compensatory health beliefs, and sleep
Oberschmidt, K. (2017) · Cited by 6
Multivariate genome-wide association study of sleep health demonstrates unity and diversity
Morrison, C. L., Winiger, E. A., Wright, K. P., & Friedman, N. P. (2023) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsad320 · Cited by 5
Zhang, G., Wang, S., Ma, P., Wang, T., Sun, X., Zhang, X., Li, H., & Pan, J. (2024) · Journal of Health Population and Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s41043-024-00601-8 · Cited by 5
“Sleep is a fundamental physiological component for humans [1], encompassing both sleep quantity and sleep quality.”
BackgroundAraújo, P. C., Ramos, C. C., & de Oliveira, D. B. (2025) · Drugs and Drug Candidates · doi:10.3390/ddc4010011 · Cited by 8
“All these effects are related to good sleep health [1] and have been classified in this article as ’sleep-promoting effects’.”
Dreem headband performance in Insomnia Disorder: An in-lab comparison to polysomnography
Beau, Q. A. L., Boardman, J. M., Mellor, A., Ogeil, R. P., & Drummond, S. P. A. (2025) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.106698 · Cited by 7
Dozier, M., Smetana, J. G., Allen, J. P., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Benner, A. D., Burton, L. M., Campione‐Barr, N., Carlo, G., Dodge, K. A., Fuligni, A. J., et al. (2025) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108495 · Cited by 4
Ren, N., Zhang, X., Yu, Z., Che, Y., Zhang, Y., Song, M., & Mao, H. (2026) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s585611 · Cited by 6
Sun, L., Zhang, J., Li, W., Sheng, J., Xiao, S., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2023) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-023-02910-x · Cited by 5
“Meanwhile, inflammatory cytokines also promote vascular permeability, neutrophil adhesion, and migration [22].”
BackgroundInfluence of Pelvic Floor Disorders on Sleep Quality in Women
Peinado‐Molina, R. A., Martínez‐Vázquez, S., Hernández‐Martínez, A., & Martínez‐Galiano, J. M. (2024) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm14030320 · Cited by 6
“…have a negative influence on health and weaken the immune system, with direct implications for the risk of infectious and inflammatory diseases [11], as well as causing a greater probability of chronic health conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, increased cardiovascular risk, cancer,…”
BackgroundAssociation between sleep patterns and galectin-3 in a Chinese community population
Liu, L., Zhen, J., Liu, S., Ren, L., Zhao, G., Liang, J., Xu, A., Li, C., Wu, J., & Cheung, B. M. Y. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18811-4 · Cited by 5
“Sleep serves as a critical restorative process for the body, integral to the regulation of the immune system [1].”
BackgroundSleep Disturbances and Depression Levels among General Indonesian Population: A National Survey
Alfian, S. D., Thurfah, J. N., Griselda, M., & Puspitasari, I. M. (2024) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.2174/0117450179326359240903045716 · Cited by 6
Tang, B., Zhang, C., Wang, D., Luo, M., He, Y., Xiong, Y., & Yu, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1483233 · Cited by 5
Kamaris, G., Mitsiou, V.-P. M., Chachlioutaki, K., Almpani, S., & Markopoulou, C. K. (2025) · Chemistry · doi:10.3390/chemistry7010014 · Cited by 5
Sleep as a Component of Health in Areas of Armed Conflict and Disaster
Irfan, B., & Shammala, A. A. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.78559 · Cited by 5
“Insufficient or poor sleep can amplify the body’s stress response, disrupt immune function, fuel anxiety and depression, and increase vulnerabilities to conditions such as hypertension, glucose dysregulation, pain disorders, and hindered recovery from direct traumatic injuries [4].”
InfluentialZzzMate: A Self-Conscious Emotion-Aware Chatbot for Sleep Intervention
Tang, X., Li, Z., Sun, X., Xu, X., & Zhang, M.-L. (2025) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3706599.3720224 · Cited by 5
“While behavioral treatments have demonstrated robust efficacy [14], they traditionally rely on healthcare professionals, making them less accessible to the broader population due to limited availability and high costs.”
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and neuropsychological function in pediatric stroke
Slim, M., Westmacott, R., Toutounji, S., Singh, J. R., Narang, I., Weiss, S. K., Krishnan, P., Grbac, E., Surmava, A.-M., Andres, K., et al. (2019) · European Journal of Paediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2019.11.006 · Cited by 5
Lv, G., Zhao, D., Xie, Z., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Mao, C., Dong, X., & Li, P. (2022) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2022.2085877 · Cited by 6
“Insomnia is associated with increased symptom burden and poorer quality of life (Coles et al., 2018; Irwin, 2015).”
BackgroundOliva, D., Andersson, B., Lewin, F., & Jensen, L. D. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.945784 · Cited by 5
“As these cytokines might trigger loss of REM sleep (Irwin, 2015; Irwin and Opp, 2017), cancer patients that experience toxic side-effects from such oncological treatment may suffer (further) reduced sleep quality and therefore sleep disruptionassociated treatment resistance, progression, reduced…”
BackgroundObstructive Sleep Apnea with COVID-19
Huang, Y., Chen, D., Fietze, I., & Penzel, T. (2022) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-06413-5_17 · Cited by 5
Liu, H., Huan, C., Nie, L., Gu, H., Sun, J., Suo, X., Liu, D., Liu, J., Wang, M., Song, Y., et al. (2023) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109197 · Cited by 6
Perceived Sleep Quality in Individuals with Inborn Errors of Immunity
Sowers, K. L., Sawaged, A., & Bowen, B. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1007/s10875-023-01474-y · Cited by 7
Gatari, E., Fleuren, B. P. I., Zijlstra, F., & Hulsheger, U. R. (2023) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/ocp0000355 · Cited by 5
Quality Aware Sleep Stage Classification over RIP Signals with Persistence Diagrams
Chen, H.-Y., Wu, H., & Chen, C. (2023) · Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks · doi:10.1109/bsn58485.2023.10331130 · Cited by 6
Christian, L. M., Kiecolt‐Glaser, J. K., Cole, S. W., Burd, C. E., Madison, A. A., Wilson, S. J., & Rosko, A. E. (2024) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.019 · Cited by 6
“Sleep problems increase depression risk two-fold (Irwin, 2015).”
Armitage, B. T., POTTS, H. W. W., Irwin, M. R., & Fisher, A. (2024) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/39554 · Cited by 4
“Insomnia has been associated with a range of negative health outcomes, including stroke, heart disease, impaired immune function, and poor mental health [1-3].”
Self-citationMiller, J., & Evans, S. (2024) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s447469 · Cited by 5
Exploring Sleep Architecture in Polish Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Polysomnography Study
Rzepka, M., Chmiela, T., Galus, W., Lasek‐Bal, A., & Krzystanek, E. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14090932 · Cited by 5
“However, it is hypothesized that sleep deprivation and reduced SE impair adaptive immunity, potentially exacerbating the inflammatory processes by an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a heightened state of inflammation [7,44].”
BackgroundKurasawa, S., Yokoi, K., Utsumi, M., Shiozu, H., & Miyai, N. (2019) · Journal of Occupational Therapy Schools & Early Intervention · doi:10.1080/19411243.2019.1672602 · Cited by 5
“In adults, low sleep quality has been confirmed as a risk factor for infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer (Irwin, 2015).”
BackgroundSleep Quality in Older Adults: A Review of Associated Mechanisms
Stephens, J., & Gatchel, R. J. (2018) · doi:10.36959/532/320 · Cited by 6
“Sleep serves many regulatory purposes in the body and brain, including improvements in metabolic, immunological, intero thermal, and stress regulation, as well as increased longevity [2,13].”
BackgroundEffect of the anxiety to catch coronavirus (COVID-19) on bedtime procrastination
KIRAÇ, R., Söyler, S., YILMAZ, G., & Seda, U. Y. A. R. (2021) · Çukurova medical journal (Online)/Çukurova medical journal · doi:10.17826/cumj.850205 · Cited by 5
Dhillon, V. S., Deo, P., Chua, A., Thomas, P., & Fenech, M. F. (2021) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glab264 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Irwin, M. R.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Irwin, Michael R.
- ORCID
- Irwin, Michael R.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2015-01-03
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 143-172
- ISSN
- 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2085
- PMC
- PMC4961463
- OpenAlex
- W2125158184
- Semantic Scholar
- d759f8bbeb16d0fa5077fc8d5439c63c7b49ee94
- Cited by
- 1,325
- References
- 202
- Citations by year
- 2026: 165 · 2025: 172 · 2024: 156 · 2023: 153 · 2022: 137 · 2021: 125 · 2020: 155 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 26
- FWCI
- 4.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG026364, R01AG034588)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL079955, R01HL095799)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA032922)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA160245, R01CA119159)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep, sleep disorders, insomnia, sleep restriction, psychoneuroimmunology, adaptive immunity, innate immunity, antiviral immunity, vaccine response, infectious disease risk, pro-inflammatory response, cardiovascular disease, cancer, depression, neuroendocrine regulation, autonomic nervous system, sleep interventions, sleep health
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Immune System, Inflammation, Psychoneuroimmunology, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-10, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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