The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 105 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 25 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas
Open accessAbstract
Defines intersectionality as a knowledge project attentive to power relations and notes that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age are reciprocally constructing phenomena.
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Claims the paper makes
62 Own interpretation · 13 Sources not found · 13 No basis given · 8 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet
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In the paper
“The growth and institutionalization of intersectionality can also be measured by the arrival of undergraduate readers whose purpose is to introduce intersectionality to students and the lay public.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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In the paper
“in a postgenomic age, the resurgence of race in science, law, and medicine points to the resiliency of biological understandings of race within contemporary racial projects of science itself, typically without racially discriminatory intent (Duster 2015).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Duster 2015 source
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In the paper
“African American intellectual production has a storied history of protesting both the social structural dimensions of racism and the cultural representations of people of African descent (Kelley 2002).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kelley 2002
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In the paper
“contemporary color-blind racism constitutes a differently organized yet equally powerful racial formation that manages to replicate racial hierarchies, often without overt attention to race itself”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bonilla-Silva 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Brown et al. 2003
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plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this theory makes room for multiple interpretive communities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Instead, Black feminism's immediate concern in the United States was to empower African American women through critical analyses of how mutually constructing systems of oppression of race, class, gender, and sexuality framed the social issues and social inequalities that Black women faced.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in the United States, the racial formation of color-conscious racism has relied on a deep-seated logic of segregation that was applied to all aspects of social structures and cultural representations.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Such groups find intellectual and political space within racial formation theory for the group-based knowledge of racial projects that oppose racial hierarchy and racial inequality (Collins 1998a, pp. 201-28).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 1998a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Through its analysis of racial projects, racial formation theory can account for change in ways that retain the agency of individual human actors and group-based action.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Racial formation theory offers social actors guidance as to how their individual and collective actions matter in shaping racial inequality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several special editions of journals have also been devoted to various aspects of intersectionality as a field of study.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Monographs too numerous to cite here use the term intersectionality, as well as various combinations of the terms race, class, gender, ethnicity, sexuality, and ability in their titles”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By the early 2000s, heightened interest in intersectionality fostered a blizzard of journal articles, special editions to journals, edited volumes, and undergraduate anthologies.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality's increasing acceptance as a field of study within the academy is clearly evident.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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In the paper
“Because it conceptualizes race as situated within the recursive relationship between social structures and cultural representations, racial formation theory conflates neither discourses about race”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whereas racial formation theory (ironically, itself a knowledge project) focuses on racism as a mono-categorical system of power, intersectionality examines social formations of multiple, complex social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In this regard, Black feminism as a knowledge project was both situated within the specific context of the United States and connected to broader, global social justice concerns (Collins 2000, pp. 227-50).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 2000, pp. 227-50
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Eugenics arguments fell out of favor in the post-World War II era, suggesting that counterarguments claiming that race was socially constructed with no connections to biology had prevailed.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(a) intersectionality as a field of study that is situated within the power relations that it studies”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The broader knowledge project provides a set of ideas that provide moments of definitional consensus.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“Within racial formation theory, ideas matter, not simply as hegemonic ideologies produced by elites but also as tangible, multiple knowledge projects that are advanced by specific interpretive communities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“racial formation theory conflates neither discourses about race (e.g., racial meanings, representations, and social identities) nor the power relations in which racial meanings are situated.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(b) intersectionality as an analytical strategy that provides new angles of vision on social phenomena”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“within this overarching umbrella, intersectionality can also be profitably conceptualized as a constellation of knowledge projects that change in relation to one another in tandem with changes in the interpretive communities that advance them.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“Intersectionality can be conceptualized as an overarching knowledge project whose changing contours grow from and respond to social formations of complex social inequalities”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“I analyze intersectionality as a knowledge project whose raison d'être lies in its attentiveness to power relations and social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
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- Rests on an assumption: Race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that shape complex social inequalities.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because groups aim to have their interpretations of racial inequality prevail, knowledge lies at the heart of racial projects.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overarching intersectional frameworks have been so successful because they remain broad and unspecified.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the eugenics projects that advanced widely accepted scientific knowledge about race had significant impact on the public policies of the United States, Germany, and many nation-states.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The strength of racial formation theory lies in how it links specific knowledge projects (racial projects) with historically constructed power relations (racial formations).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“Linking power with knowledge, the construct of community provides an important framework for understanding the interpretive communities that advance intersectionality's many knowledge projects.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Knowledge projects are not free-floating phenomena; they are grounded in specific sociological processes experienced by actual people.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because understanding racial inequality remains central to racial formation theory, it provides intellectual and political space for subordinated social groups such as African Americans, Latinos, Asians, and indigenous peoples.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“(c) intersectionality as critical praxis that informs social justice projects”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“A sociology of knowledge framework suggests that knowledge-including knowledge aimed at better understanding intersectionality-is socially constructed and transmitted, legitimated, and reproduced.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Balibar 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Berger & Luckmann 1966
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- Not matchedcites Foucault 1980
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hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“intersectional knowledge projects typically focus on three interdependent concerns.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The third focal point emphasizes intersectionality as a form of critical praxis, especially its connections with social justice.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Yet despite these efforts, the richness of these knowledge projects rarely make it into the legitimated canon of established fields.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They provide the illusion that the constellation of smaller knowledge projects can be uncritically categorized under intersectionality's big tent umbrella.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet intersectionality goes farther than this mono-system analysis, introducing a greater level of complexity into conceptualizing inequality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Racial formations have distinctive configurations of racial projects for which interest groups advance various interpretations of racial inequality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first focal point makes intersectionality as a field of study the object of investigation.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality can build on this foundation by moving beyond a mono-categorical focus on racial inequality to encompass multiple forms of inequality that are organized via a similar logic.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet the sets of practitioners that lay claim to intersectionality via multiple cross-cutting and competitive intersectional knowledge projects reveal a lack of consensus about intersectionality's history, current organization, and future directions.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Historically constructed, ever-changing racial formations organize racialized groups, the specific patterns of racial inequality that link racialized populations, and social problems that ensue.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Just as racial formations change in response to racial projects, racial projects change in relation to changing racial formations.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality faces a particular definitional dilemma-it participates in the very power relations that it examines and, as a result, must pay special attention to the conditions that make its knowledge claims comprehensible.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality's definitional dilemma occurs in this intellectual and political space.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, there is the need for better assessments of pain, suffering, and injury.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In scholarly settings, the critical dimensions of Davis's work open her up to accusations of bias-her analyses of capitalism, neoliberalism, racism, and prisons can read as too polemical and therefore unscholarly.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality is not simply a field of study to be mastered or an analytical strategy for understanding; rather, intersectionality as critical praxis sheds light on the doing of social justice work.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet critical scholarship linked to critical practice such as this is also part of a broader intersectional knowledge project that increasingly transcends the traditional boundaries of academic projects.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For these scholar-activists, intersectionality as a form of critical praxis made sense for their social justice projects aimed at remedying complex social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the underemphasis on intersectionality as critical praxis within academia most likely reflects efforts to avoid the implicit political implications of intersectionality itself.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Scholars may know less about intersectionality as critical praxis simply because they fail to look for it.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet because the protected categories gain meaning only in relation to one another, actualizing human rights means transcending the limitations of a strictly legal statement of human rights.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The protected categories in human rights gain meaning only in relation to one another.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Holding fast to the creativity of this dynamic area of inquiry and practice yet finding a common language that will be useful to its practitioners is the cutting-edge definitional dilemma for intersectionality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, in activist venues searching for a critical analysis of social inequality, these same ideas remain wellreceived, precisely because her work remains critical.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, human rights requires more effective tools for identifying the kinds of distinctions that constitute discrimination.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet on the basis of their respective agendas, activist and scholarly circles can interpret Davis's intellectual production differently.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Women's studies assumed an important leadership role by enabling gender scholars who were spread across various disciplines to gather, compare, and contrast the study of women within their distinctive disciplines, and then migrate back into those very same disciplines with this new knowledge.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Davis's stature as a public intellectual has provided a platform for her ideas, making it difficult if not impossible to exclude them from academic venues.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For example, Canadian activist Harsha Walia's (2013) analysis of border imperialism is written for, not about, activists.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Walia 2013
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite intersectionality's ongoing definitional ambiguities, intersectionality as a field of study has catalyzed a copious outpouring of new knowledge, much of it produced by researchers, faculty members, and students who use intersectionality as an analytical strategy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > PRODUCING NEW KNOWLEDGE: INTERSECTIONALITY AS AN ANALYTICAL STRATEGY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This underemphasis may be due in part because these areas valorize studying or writing about intersectionality over practicing it.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mission statements from the IBPA illustrate the aspirations of social actors who wish to bring intersectionality into public policy areas:”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This rhetorical strategy of mentioning one African American woman as intersectionality's foremother fosters a collective ritual that legitimates this particular origin story.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The ideas expressed in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights bear a strong family resemblance to strands of intersectionality that are aligned with social justice initiatives.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the intellectual richness of Crenshaw's work, contemporary narratives of the emergence of intersectionality rarely situate her work within this crucial historical juncture linking knowledge projects from social movements advanced by women of color with the institutionalization of race/class/gender studies.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“As Carbado (2013) points out,”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Carbado 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this context, intersectionality as a knowledge project faces the fundamental challenge of sustaining its critical edge.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Practitioners are often frontline actors for solving social problems that are clearly linked to complex social inequalities, a social location that predisposes them to respond to intersectionality as critical praxis.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Teachers, social workers, parents, policy advocates, university support staff, community organizers, clergy, lawyers, graduate students, and nurses often have an up close and personal relationship to violence, homelessness, hunger, illiteracy, poverty, sexual assault, and similar phenomena.
In the paper
“For example, Simon Fraser University's Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis (IBPA) initiative, housed at the Institute for Intersectionality Research and Policy, aims to generate research with direct applicability to Canadian health policy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hankivsky 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality as a knowledge project remained unnamed as such during the 1980s, the major decade when its ideas but not its name were incorporated into the US academy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“For example, from her pathbreaking work on women, race, and class to her sustained attention to prison abolition, the storied career of Angela Davis (1981Davis ( , 2012) ) speaks to a sustained engagement with intersectionality as critical praxis.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Davis 1981
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Davis 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The value of critical praxis reflects the norms of any given interpretive community.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This connection between social justice and remedying complex social inequalities seems more prominent outside academic settings than within them.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Increasingly, intersectionality's ideas can travel across diverse interpretive communities, a shift that has important implications for intersectionality as critical praxis.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality potentially helps address three main concerns.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Her book is unlikely to be selected for ASA sessions on”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The third concern is the search for appropriate reparations and remedies to victims of human rights abuses.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Practitioners who would be drawn to intersectionality as critical praxis seek knowledge projects that take a stand; such projects would critique social injustices that characterize complex social inequalities, imagine alternatives, and/or propose viable action strategies for change.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite its ubiquity, intersectionality as critical praxis remains underemphasized within intersectionality as a field of study and within scholarship that draws on intersectionality as an analytical strategy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals, the challenge for this field lies in integrating intersectional frameworks into both health care delivery practices and public policies.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Rests on an assumption: Public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet groups such as these have a vested interest in drawing upon intersectional frameworks to address social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Local, grassroots, small-scale, and/or temporary groups that draw upon intersectionality to guide their critical praxis are typically composed of society's overlooked populations: the young, women, people of color, and poor people.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the visibility of scholars as the public face of intersectionality, practitioners such as hip-hop poets, Afro-Brazilian feminists, IBPA scholar-activists, and intellectual activists such as Angela Davis and Harsha Walia may be equally if not more likely to put forth the innovative, cutting-edge intersectional analyses that will advance the field.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The changing political economy of publishing and social media provides new venues for circulating intersectional analyses both outside and inside academia.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“It not only contained an explicit analysis of the interconnectedness of race, class, gender, and sexuality as systems of power, but also constituted one defining moment for the emergence of race/class/gender studies and its subsequent renaming as intersectionality (Collins 2000).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper relies on this without support.
Race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that shape complex social inequalities.
“The term intersectionality references the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in turn shape complex social inequalities.”
The paper relies on this without support.
A general consensus exists about intersectionality's general contours.
“By now, a general consensus exists about intersectionality's general contours.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Teachers, social workers, parents, policy advocates, university support staff, community organizers, clergy, lawyers, graduate students, and nurses often have an up close and personal relationship to violence, homelessness, hunger, illiteracy, poverty, sexual assault, and similar phenomena.
“Teachers, social workers, parents, policy advocates, university support staff, community organizers, clergy, lawyers, graduate students, and nurses often have an up close and personal relationship to violence, homelessness, hunger, illiteracy, poverty, sexual assault, and similar phenomena.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Local, grassroots, small-scale, and/or temporary groups that draw upon intersectionality to guide their critical praxis are typically composed of society's overlooked populations: the young, women, people of color, and poor people.
“Typically, these groups are composed of society's overlooked populations, specifically the young, women, people of color, and poor people.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals.
“Because public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals, the challenge for this field lies in integrating intersectional frameworks into both health care delivery practices and public policies.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The protected categories in human rights gain meaning only in relation to one another.
“Yet because the protected categories gain meaning only in relation to one another, actualizing human rights means transcending the limitations of a strictly legal statement of human rights.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Intersectionality theory suggests that people experience multiple forms of stigma in interlocking systems and structures of oppressive power.9”
From An acceptance-based, intersectional stigma coping intervention for people with HIV who inject drugs—a randomized clinical trial (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
“Toni Morrison's (1971Morrison's ( , 1987Morrison's ( , 1992) ) books The Bluest Eye and Beloved”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > References
“Morrison T. 1970. The Bluest Eye. New York: Vintage Books”
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 2,358
The Race That Space Makes: The Power of Place in the Colonial Formation of Social Categorizations
LaFleur, J. (2020) · Sociology of Race and Ethnicity · doi:10.1177/2332649220961516 · Cited by 39
Intersectional Approaches to Minority Aging Research
Tobin, C. S. T., Gutiérrez, Á., Farmer, H. R., Erving, C. L., & Hargrove, T. W. (2023) · Current Epidemiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40471-022-00317-5 · Cited by 42
“Others assert that additive approaches are insufficient for capturing the realities of diverse aging groups because they ignore the full extent and interdependence of systems of inequality [48, 49].”
BackgroundA Critical Review of Social Exclusion and Inclusion among Immigrant and Refugee Women
Crawford, J., Kapisavanhu, N., Moore, J., Crawford, C., & Lundy, T. (2023) · Advances in Public Health · doi:10.1155/2023/8889358 · Cited by 51
Robson, K., Anisef, P., Brown, R. S., et al. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.7202/1050841ar · Cited by 33
“, racism, sexism, and classism) overlap, and that the consequences of race/ethnicity, gender, and other fixed characteristics cannot be understood sufficiently by studying these phenomena separately (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundShaw, J., Howard, J., & Franco, E. L. (2019) · Community Development Journal · doi:10.1093/cdj/bsz033 · Cited by 39
With God on their Side: Gender–Religiosity Intersectionality and Women’s Workforce Integration
Frenkel, M., & Wasserman, V. (2020) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/0891243220949154 · Cited by 36
Mobilising Identity: Entrepreneurial Practice of a ‘Disadvantaged’ Identity
James, I., Xiong, L., & Anderson, A. R. (2021) · European Management Review · doi:10.1111/emre.12451 · Cited by 33
“Collins argues that intersectionality not only references multiple social identities, but “shapes complex social inequalities” (Collins, 2015, p. 2).”
BackgroundGender and intersectional analysis of livestock vaccine value chains in Kaffrine, Senegal
McKune, S. L., Serra, R., & Touré, A. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252045 · Cited by 37
Excavating awareness and power in data science: A manifesto for trustworthy pervasive data research
Shilton, K., Moss, E., Gilbert, S., Bietz, M. J., Fiesler, C. L., Metcalf, J., Jessica Vitak, B., & Zimmer, M. T. (2021) · Big Data & Society · doi:10.1177/20539517211040759 · Cited by 40
Status, Identity, and Ability in the Formation of Trust: Four Vignette Experiments
Robbins, B. G. (2016) · Rationality and Society · doi:10.1177/1043463117734179 · Cited by 29
“For instance, intersectionality (Collins, 2015) suggests that hypothetical Black trustees who are male may generate much less trust than their female counterparts.”
BackgroundIntersectionality as Critical Inquiry
Collins, P. H. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119314967.ch7 · Cited by 44
Self-citationAcosta, D., Ludgate, N., McKune, S. L., & Russo, S. L. (2022) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.831752 · Cited by 36
Carey, R. L., Yee, L. S., & DeMatthews, D. E. (2017) · The Educational Forum · doi:10.1080/00131725.2018.1381793 · Cited by 37
“Drawing from intersectional thinking (Collins, 2015 ), traditional public schools in the U.S. context refl ect broader inequitable societal power in that they reinforce and advance the norms, knowledges, values, and attributes valued by macro structural and cultural systems.”
BackgroundInfluentialHenne, K., & Troshynski, E. I. (2019) · Critical Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10612-019-09441-z · Cited by 32
“While intersectionality has brought about a broader recognition of the nuanced ways that social divisions are constitutively constructed, it has also “been weakened within the contemporary academy” (Collins 2015: 6).”
BackgroundMorgan, D. L., Davis, K. B., & López, N. (2019) · Journal of Engineering Education · doi:10.1002/jee.20300 · Cited by 32
“A more decidedly intersectional approach (Collins, 2015) that centers a student's social identities is warranted as this line of research evolves.”
BackgroundIndigenous Feminisms: Disturbing Colonialism in Environmental Science Partnerships
Dhillon, C. M. (2020) · Sociology of Race and Ethnicity · doi:10.1177/2332649220908608 · Cited by 39
“In hopes to transform sciences from within and without, intersectionality scholar Patricia Hill Collins (2015b) argued that insider-scientists may trek far to unhinge systemic inequalities “hidden in plain sight” (p. 51).”
BackgroundKalu, S. R., Menon, S. E., & Quinn, C. R. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105170 · Cited by 34
Steinfield, L. A., & Holt, D. (2020) · Journal of Macromarketing · doi:10.1177/0276146720951238 · Cited by 33
“…our theoretical lens—intersectionality theory— calls researchers to be attentive to overlapping/inter-locking power relations and social injustices so that the resulting oppressive conditions can be brought to light, and sources of inequalities and inequities challenged and changed (Collins 2015).”
BackgroundWomen in Iranian Kurdistan: Patriarchy and the Quest for Empowerment
Shakiba, S., Ghaderzadeh, O., & Moghadam, V. M. (2021) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/08912432211029205 · Cited by 39
“They are shaped by different lived experiences, social locations, and complex intersections and they contribute to more objective social knowledge (Collins 1990, 2015; harding 1991; Kabeer 1999; Naples 2017; Smith 1990).”
BackgroundSustainable and Responsible Design Education: Tensions in Transitions
Boehnert, J., Sinclair, M. A., & Dewberry, E. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14116397 · Cited by 50
“Intersectional feminist theory [44] is a key analytic lens and orientation for inclusive SRD.”
Nair, R., & Vollhardt, J. R. (2019) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12593 · Cited by 33
ALLEN, L. A. (2018) · South Atlantic Quarterly · doi:10.1215/00382876-4282064 · Cited by 35
Deming, S. (2022) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.12988 · Cited by 40
Owens, J. (2023) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1177/01902725231177644 · Cited by 33
Intersectionality in Marketing: A Paradigm for Understanding Understudied Consumers
Uduehi, E., Clair, J. K. S., & Crabbe, R. (2024) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/00222429241258493 · Cited by 41
“No single research endeavor can be expected to thoroughly investigate every possible intersection; that is the responsibility of the research fi eld (Collins 2015).”
InfluentialPromoting Diversity-Inclusive Computer Science Pedagogies: A Multidimensional Perspective
Pournaghshband, V., & Medel, P. (2020) · ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE) · doi:10.1145/3341525.3387360 · Cited by 31
Indigenous cultural values counter the damages of white settler colonialism
Jacob, M. M., Gonzales, K. L., Belcher, D. C., Ruef, J. L., & Johnson, S. R. (2020) · Environmental Sociology · doi:10.1080/23251042.2020.1841370 · Cited by 33
“Interrogating the violence of settlercolonialism reveals the multiple and intersecting axes that oppress Indigenous peoples, and all marginalized peoples in settler societies (Hill Collins 2015; Liévanos 2019).”
BackgroundLightman, N. (2021) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.13541 · Cited by 31
An Intersectional Analysis of U.S. Journalists’ Experiences With Hostile Sources
Mesmer, K. R. (2022) · Journalism & Communication Monographs · doi:10.1177/15226379221116640 · Cited by 32
Dy, A. M., & MacNeil, H. (2023) · International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research · doi:10.1108/ijebr-12-2022-1113 · Cited by 40
Perez‐Felkner, L., Erichsen, K., Li, Y., Chen, J., Hu, S., Surmeier, L. R., & Shore, C. (2024) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543241241536 · Cited by 44
“Intersectionality is a theoretical and methodological tool used to assess structural, political, and representational axes by which women from marginalized groups have experienced discrimination and oppression (Cho et al., 2013; Collins, 2015; Crenshaw, 1991).”
Digital health and equitable access to care
Shaw, J., Abejirinde, I. O., Agarwal, P., Shahid, S., & Martin, D. (2024) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000573 · Cited by 32
Race, Class, And Gender In Boys' Education: Repositioning Intersectionality Theory
Nelson, J. D., Stahl, G., & Wallace, D. O. (2015) · Works - Scholarship, Research, & Creative Expression (Swarthmore College) · doi:10.3149/csm.0702.171 · Cited by 31
“…of gender, sexuality, race, disability, nationality, and age, but these efforts can be characterized as a “tipping of the hat,” or “glossing over” of intersectionality, rather than using the theoretical construct to rigorously interrogate data (compare Hill-Collins, 2015; Rollock et al., 2012).”
BackgroundCahuas, M. C. (2018) · Antipode · doi:10.1111/anti.12411 · Cited by 31
The Necessity of Intersectionality as a Framework to Explore Queer and Trans Student Retention
Durán, A., Pope, R. L., & Jones, S. R. (2019) · Journal of College Student Retention Research Theory & Practice · doi:10.1177/1521025119895510 · Cited by 42
Privacy and Vulnerable Populations
McDonald, N., & Forte, A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82786-1_15 · Cited by 36
“What we learn from intersectional scholar Patricia Collins is that what counts as intersectionality is far from settled [102].”
BackgroundSmith, S. E., & Stavrevska, E. B. (2022) · European Journal of Politics and Gender · doi:10.1332/251510821x16354049461534 · Cited by 31
The entrepreneurship of marginalized groups and compatibility between the market and emancipation
Lewis, A., & Crabbe, R. (2024) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2024.106408 · Cited by 29
Bujaki, M. L., Durocher, S., Brouard, F., et al. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l Administration · doi:10.1002/cjas.1392 · Cited by 29
“…of intersectionality, which is “…the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in turn shape complex social inequalities” (Collins, 2015, p. 2).”
BackgroundThe One Friend Rule: Race and Social Capital in an Interracial Network
Munn, C. W. (2017) · Social Problems · doi:10.1093/socpro/spx020 · Cited by 31
Lim, G., & Hewitt, B. A. (2018) · Journal of Bisexuality · doi:10.1080/15299716.2018.1518182 · Cited by 37
“…marginalization like multiple jeopardy theory (Buchanan, Settles, Wu, & Hayashino, 2018) that typically conceptualizes marginalization as a relatively linear and unidirectional summation of the disadvantage a social actor accrues from inhabiting multiple, disadvantaged identities (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundIf Not Us, Then Who? Evaluators of Color and Social Change
Reid, A. M., Boyce, A. S., Adetogun, A., Möller, J., & Avent, C. M. (2020) · New Directions for Evaluation · doi:10.1002/ev.20407 · Cited by 33
“As critical praxis, intersectionality can be used to determine how social justice initiatives can bring about social change (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundSuperwomen and Sleep: an Assessment of Black College Women Across the African Diaspora
McLaurin-Jones, T. L., Anderson, A. S., Marshall, V. J., Lashley, M.-B., & Carter-Nolan, P. L. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-020-09930-4 · Cited by 31
“Intersectionality postulates that individuals have multiple social identities (racial, gender, ethnicity, national) that operate reciprocally to construct their experiences [55].”
BackgroundAdvancing racial equity in oral health (research): more of the same is not enough
Bastos, J. L., Constante, H. M., Celeste, R. K., Haag, D. G., & Jamieson, L. (2020) · European Journal Of Oral Sciences · doi:10.1111/eos.12737 · Cited by 34
Momen, R. E., & Dilks, L. M. (2020) · Sociological Spectrum · doi:10.1080/02732173.2020.1850379 · Cited by 34
Endarkened narrative inquiry: a methodological framework constructed through improvisations
McClish-Boyd, K. E., & Bhattacharya, K. (2021) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education · doi:10.1080/09518398.2021.1871981 · Cited by 39
“Informally, Black people have a long history of using narratives or storytelling to share stories of struggle, oppression, and wisdom (Amoah, 2013; Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundLatino Men and Masculinities: A Multi-Institution Study of Community College Transfer Experiences
Rodriguez, S. L., Blaney, J. M., Vasquez, M. C., & Salinas, C. (2021) · Community College Review · doi:10.1177/00915521211002898 · Cited by 33
“It is critical that scholars frame their understandings of the educational experiences of Men of Color within social, historical, and political contexts (Collins, 2015; Crenshaw, 1991; Dill & Zambrana, 2009).”
BackgroundCo‐brand partnerships making space for the next black girl: Backlash in social justice branding
Smith, D. C., James, C. D., & Griffiths, M. A. (2021) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21566 · Cited by 33
Masanet, M.-J., Ventura, R., & Isern, E. B. (2022) · Social Inclusion · doi:10.17645/si.v10i2.4926 · Cited by 47
“…“space” becomes a sym‐ bolic element of the social place attributed to the char‐ acter through a system of intersectional oppressions (Crenshaw, 1991; Hill Collins, 2015) in which trans peo‐ ple are normally placed in a peripheral location occupied by various categories of marginalization…”
BackgroundRobinson, Z. F. (2016) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32250-6_23 · Cited by 30
Connors, I. C. (2021) · AERA Open · doi:10.1177/23328584211063872 · Cited by 33
“Intersectionality contends with the erasure of a complex Latinx identity (Collins, 2015; Harris & Leonardo, 2018; Núñez, 2014).”
BackgroundChavez, K., Weisshaar, K., & Cabello-Hutt, T. (2022) · Work and Occupations · doi:10.1177/07308884221094539 · Cited by 29
Fleming, E., Neville, P., & Muirhead, V. (2022) · Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/cdoe.12796 · Cited by 33
Godin, M. (2017) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2017.1354166 · Cited by 28
“As diasporic political agents being reflexive with regard to their multi-sited embeddedness, women are doing intersectionality as a form of critical praxis (Collins 2015).”
BackgroundDoerr, K., Riegle‐Crumb, C., Russo‐Tait, T., Takasaki, K., Sassler, S. L., & Levitte, Y. (2021) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-021-01233-6 · Cited by 34
“Intersectionality thus creates distinct social positions and experiences for those assigned to different race and gender groups (Collins, 1998, 2015; Ireland et al., 2018).”
BackgroundLeigh, A., & Desai, S. D. (2022) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2022.1629 · Cited by 32
Cycyk, L. M., Anda, S. D., Ramsey, K., Sheppard, B. S., & Zuckerman, K. E. (2022) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x221120262 · Cited by 28
“1007/ s10995-007-0291-3 Collins, P. H. (2015). Intersectionality’s definitional dilemmas. Annual Review of Sociology, 41, 1–20. Conroy, K., Rea, C., Kovacikova, G. I., Sprecher, E., Reisinger, E., Durant, H., . . . Toomey, S. L. (2018). Ensuring timely connection to early intervention for young children with developme…”
BackgroundInfluentialThe concept of intersectionality in bioethics: a systematic review
Brünig, L., Kahrass, H., & Salloch, S. (2024) · BMC Medical Ethics · doi:10.1186/s12910-024-01057-5 · Cited by 38
Wolbring, G., & Nasir, L. (2024) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc14090176 · Cited by 46
Reading the Black Woman’s Body Via Instagram Fame
Edwards, E. B., & Esposito, J. (2018) · Communication Culture and Critique · doi:10.1093/ccc/tcy011 · Cited by 28
Recognition and the Harms of “Cheer Up”
Vera‐Gray, F., & Fileborn, B. (2018) · Philosophical Journal of Conflict and Violence · doi:10.22618/tp.pjcv.20182.1.171005 · Cited by 32
Understanding and Addressing Women’s Use of Force in Intimate Relationships: A Retrospective
Larance, L. Y., Goodmark, L., Miller, S. L., & Dasgupta, S. D. (2018) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801218815776 · Cited by 32
“Intersectionality “references the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in turn shape complex social inequalities” (Collins, 2015, p. 2).”
BackgroundWest, R., & Bartkowski, J. (2019) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc9020045 · Cited by 22
Microaggression experiences of different marginalized identities
Nair, N., Good, D. C., & Murrell, A. J. (2019) · Equality Diversity and Inclusion An International Journal · doi:10.1108/edi-12-2018-0221 · Cited by 35
Silva, T. J., & Evans, C. R. (2020) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-020-01145-x · Cited by 31
“Intersectional frameworks analyze and critique power relations and structural inequalities (Cho et al. 2013; Choo and Ferree 2010; Collins 2015; Grzanka 2014; McCall 2005).”
BackgroundConstante, H. M., & Bastos, J. L. (2020) · International Journal of Health Services · doi:10.1177/0020731420979808 · Cited by 29
“) create not only multiple types of subordination, but also multilayered systems of oppression that manifest themselves in the form of restricted access to healthcare.(6,45) Our first hypothesis (H1) thus contends that women, Browns/Blacks, and low-SES respondents are each notably more likely to report difficulty acce…”
BackgroundSupporting Black women's pursuits in STEM
Nguyen, T., Gasman, M., Lockett, A. W., & Peña, V. (2021) · Journal of Research in Science Teaching · doi:10.1002/tea.21682 · Cited by 31
Anticipation-induced social tipping: can the environment be stabilised by social dynamics?
Müller, P., Heitzig, J., Kurths, J., Lüdge, K., & Wiedermann, M. (2021) · Publication Database PIK (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)) · Cited by 28
Centering Matrices of Domination: Steps Toward a More Intersectional Vocational Psychology
Brewster, M. E., & Molina, D. A. L. (2021) · Journal of Career Assessment · doi:10.1177/10690727211029182 · Cited by 29
“interaction of institutions, cultural norms, and social practices to create and sustain interlocking systems of power and oppression, or a matrix of domination (Collins, 2015; Davis, 2008).”
BackgroundMattheis, A., Murphy, M., & Marín-Spiotta, E. (2019) · Journal of Geoscience Education · doi:10.1080/10899995.2019.1656522 · Cited by 33
“1Intersectionality is a theory usually attributed to black feminist scholars Kimberl e Crenshaw (1991) and Patricia Hill Collins (2015) and informed by the work of critical race scholars.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialOkeke‐Ihejirika, P. (2017) · Journal of global south studies · doi:10.1353/gss.2017.0002 · Cited by 27
Bemme, D., & Béhague, D. P. (2024) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-024-02632-2 · Cited by 27
“…and domains, including psychiatric epidemiology, to articulate how “race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in turn shape complex social inequalities” [40, 41].”
Critical climate awareness as a science education outcome
Clark, H. F. (2024) · Science Education · doi:10.1002/sce.21896 · Cited by 36
Kolandai‐Matchett, K., Langham, E., Bellringer, M., et al. (2017) · Asian Journal of Gambling Issues and Public Health · doi:10.1186/s40405-017-0026-3 · Cited by 27
Transnational Intersectionality in Family Therapy With Resettled Refugees
Gangamma, R., & Shipman, D. (2017) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12267 · Cited by 29
“Since then, the framework has expanded to include other identities of class, sexuality, age, ability, nationality, ethnicity, and similar categories which are best understood in relational terms rather than in isolation from one another (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundDecker, K. M., Thurston, I. B., & Kamody, R. C. (2018) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.10.004 · Cited by 30
THE AGE OF CONCERTED CULTIVATION
Manning, A. (2019) · Du Bois Review Social Science Research on Race · doi:10.1017/s1742058x19000080 · Cited by 28
“Collins (2015) summarizes the contours of intersectionality as follows: “the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in turn shape complex social…”
BackgroundKhatri, R. B., Assefa, Y. A., Protani, M. M., Karkee, R., & Durham, J. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11142-8 · Cited by 27
Opara, I., Abrams, J. A., Cross, K., & Amutah‐Onukagha, N. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182212088 · Cited by 29
“Black girls and women are viewed as promiscuous, overly sexual, and sexually irresponsible in society [7].”
BackgroundThe identity of the sport psychology profession: A multinational perspective
Quartiroli, A., Wagstaff, C. R. D., Hunter, H., & Martin, D. R. F. (2022) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102140 · Cited by 27
Godkhindi, P., Nussey, L., & O’Shea, T. M. (2022) · Harm Reduction Journal · doi:10.1186/s12954-022-00672-y · Cited by 33
“We also used Kimberle Crenshaw’s theory of intersectionality as a framework for analysis, to “map the margins” and examine how the experiences of racialized PWUD may be located within structures of power [54, 55].”
MethodArday, J., & Jones, C. (2022) · Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10734-022-00939-0 · Cited by 38
“…ways in which lived experiences of racism, and especially anti-Black racism, would be an unavoidable aspect of both the way we conducted the research and our interpretation of the data, it was essential for our CRT framework to reflexively contend with race, gender and power (Hill-Collins, 2015).”
Racial Experience as an Alternative Operationalization of Race
Torres, & Colón, T. (2015) · Human Biology · doi:10.13110/humanbiology.87.4.0306 · Cited by 27
Christian, M. M., & Namaganda, A. (2018) · International Sociology · doi:10.1177/0268580918764059 · Cited by 28
“Applying an intersectional lens to transnational processes is useful because intersectionality’s foundation as an interrogation of interlocking systems of domination (Collins, 2015) extends from the local level to transnational forms (Grosfoguel, 2016).”
BackgroundThe double bind of social legitimacy: On disability, the sick role, and invisible work
Grue, J. (2023) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.13692 · Cited by 37
Racial and Class Inequality in US Incarceration in the Early Twenty-First Century
Muller, C. D., & Roehrkasse, A. F. (2021) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/soab141 · Cited by 25
Intersectional Mentorship: A Model for Empowerment and Transformation
Brown, N. E., & Montoya, C. (2020) · PS Political Science & Politics · doi:10.1017/s1049096520000463 · Cited by 30
“Scholarship on intersectionality highlights the ways in which oppression operates not within unitary, mutually exclusive categories but rather as reciprocally constructing phenomena that shape complex inequalities (Collins 2015).”
BackgroundErving, C. L., & Frazier, C. G. (2021) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/00221465211040174 · Cited by 29
“The intersectionality paradigm emphasizes interlocking and mutually reinforcing relationships among multiple stratification systems (Collins 2015; Crenshaw 1991).”
BackgroundBoveda, M., & Weinberg, A. E. (2022) · Teacher Education and Special Education The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children · doi:10.1177/08884064211062874 · Cited by 26
“Therefore, the semistructured cognitive interview included comprehension, theory-driven, and hypothetical probes (Collins, 2015; D’Ardenne, 2015).”
BackgroundFletcher, L., & Beauregard, T. A. (2022) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12388 · Cited by 26
Reilly, N., Bjørnholt, M., & Tastsoglou, E. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07929-0_2 · Cited by 35
Lin, Z., & Liu, H. (2023) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnad094 · Cited by 27
Varughese, C., Henry, L., Morris, A., Bickerton, S. H., Rattenbury, N. J., Mankelow, C., Gorman, A., Katavich-Barton, S., & Dhopade, P. (2023) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2023.07.009 · Cited by 27
Latina Girls, Sexual Agency, and the Contradictions of Neoliberalism
Mann, E. S. (2016) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-016-0237-x · Cited by 26
Chan, C. D., & Howard, L. C. (2018) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2018.1530882 · Cited by 36
“…2013; Carastathis, 2016; Carbado et al., 2013; C. D. Chan, 2017; Chan et al., 2017; Cho, 2013; Cho, Crenshaw, & McCall, 2013; Cole, 2008, 2009; Collins, 1986, 1990, 2004, 2015; Collins & Bilge, 2016; Cor & Chan, 2017; May, 2014; McCall, 2005; Shields, 2008; Warner, 2008; Warner, Settles, &…”
BackgroundMedical Sociology and Sociological Theory
Cockerham, W. C. (2001) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470996447.ch1 · Cited by 26
López, R. M., Honey, M. L., Rendon, S., & Perez-Gill, S. R. (2022) · AERA Open · doi:10.1177/23328584221101552 · Cited by 34
“For example, Hurtado (2020) and Collins (2015) mention the work of Chicana feminist scholar Anzaldúa (1987) and her contributions to themes of intersectionality, such as “border crossing, border space, boundaries, and relationality” (Collins, 2015, p. 9).”
BackgroundInfluentialEntrepreneurship, age, and social value creation: A constraint-based individual perspective
Hoogendoorn, B., Uhlaner, L. M., van der Zwan, P., & Stephan, U. (2022) · Journal of Small Business Management · doi:10.1080/00472778.2022.2133128 · Cited by 26
“First, our constraint-based individual perspective demonstrates the value of an inter-sectionality approach (Collins, 2015) to study individual differences by considering their joint effects on social value creation over the life course.”
BackgroundInfluentialDusen, B. V., Cian, H., Nissen, J., Arellano, L., & Woods, A. D. (2024) · Sociology of Education · doi:10.1177/00380407241254092 · Cited by 33
Metadata
- Authors
- Collins, P. H.
- Affiliations
- Department of Sociology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-1315;
- Venue
- Annual Review of Sociology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2015-08-14
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-20
- ISSN
- 0360-0572 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2115
- OpenAlex
- W2148974647
- Semantic Scholar
- 48116d925a63de9e9dd793450a6ed59d51767d35
- Cited by
- 2,419
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 254 · 2025: 320 · 2024: 325 · 2023: 295 · 2022: 287 · 2021: 240 · 2020: 211 · 2019: 220 · 2018: 130 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 9
- FWCI
- 28.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Sociology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Feminist Theory and Gender Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Health, and Social Inequality
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
- Keywords
- intersectionality, power relations, social inequality, race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, disability, age, critical praxis, social justice, knowledge production
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