The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 105 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 25 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas
Open accessAbstract
Defines intersectionality as a knowledge project attentive to power relations and notes that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age are reciprocally constructing phenomena.
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Claims the paper makes
62 Own interpretation · 13 Sources not found · 13 No basis given · 8 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet
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In the paper
“The growth and institutionalization of intersectionality can also be measured by the arrival of undergraduate readers whose purpose is to introduce intersectionality to students and the lay public.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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In the paper
“in a postgenomic age, the resurgence of race in science, law, and medicine points to the resiliency of biological understandings of race within contemporary racial projects of science itself, typically without racially discriminatory intent (Duster 2015).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Duster 2015 source
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In the paper
“African American intellectual production has a storied history of protesting both the social structural dimensions of racism and the cultural representations of people of African descent (Kelley 2002).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kelley 2002
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In the paper
“contemporary color-blind racism constitutes a differently organized yet equally powerful racial formation that manages to replicate racial hierarchies, often without overt attention to race itself”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bonilla-Silva 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Brown et al. 2003
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plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this theory makes room for multiple interpretive communities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Instead, Black feminism's immediate concern in the United States was to empower African American women through critical analyses of how mutually constructing systems of oppression of race, class, gender, and sexuality framed the social issues and social inequalities that Black women faced.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in the United States, the racial formation of color-conscious racism has relied on a deep-seated logic of segregation that was applied to all aspects of social structures and cultural representations.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Such groups find intellectual and political space within racial formation theory for the group-based knowledge of racial projects that oppose racial hierarchy and racial inequality (Collins 1998a, pp. 201-28).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 1998a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Through its analysis of racial projects, racial formation theory can account for change in ways that retain the agency of individual human actors and group-based action.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Racial formation theory offers social actors guidance as to how their individual and collective actions matter in shaping racial inequality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several special editions of journals have also been devoted to various aspects of intersectionality as a field of study.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Monographs too numerous to cite here use the term intersectionality, as well as various combinations of the terms race, class, gender, ethnicity, sexuality, and ability in their titles”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By the early 2000s, heightened interest in intersectionality fostered a blizzard of journal articles, special editions to journals, edited volumes, and undergraduate anthologies.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality's increasing acceptance as a field of study within the academy is clearly evident.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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In the paper
“Because it conceptualizes race as situated within the recursive relationship between social structures and cultural representations, racial formation theory conflates neither discourses about race”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whereas racial formation theory (ironically, itself a knowledge project) focuses on racism as a mono-categorical system of power, intersectionality examines social formations of multiple, complex social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In this regard, Black feminism as a knowledge project was both situated within the specific context of the United States and connected to broader, global social justice concerns (Collins 2000, pp. 227-50).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 2000, pp. 227-50
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Eugenics arguments fell out of favor in the post-World War II era, suggesting that counterarguments claiming that race was socially constructed with no connections to biology had prevailed.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(a) intersectionality as a field of study that is situated within the power relations that it studies”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The broader knowledge project provides a set of ideas that provide moments of definitional consensus.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“Within racial formation theory, ideas matter, not simply as hegemonic ideologies produced by elites but also as tangible, multiple knowledge projects that are advanced by specific interpretive communities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“racial formation theory conflates neither discourses about race (e.g., racial meanings, representations, and social identities) nor the power relations in which racial meanings are situated.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(b) intersectionality as an analytical strategy that provides new angles of vision on social phenomena”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“within this overarching umbrella, intersectionality can also be profitably conceptualized as a constellation of knowledge projects that change in relation to one another in tandem with changes in the interpretive communities that advance them.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“Intersectionality can be conceptualized as an overarching knowledge project whose changing contours grow from and respond to social formations of complex social inequalities”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“I analyze intersectionality as a knowledge project whose raison d'être lies in its attentiveness to power relations and social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
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- Rests on an assumption: Race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that shape complex social inequalities.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because groups aim to have their interpretations of racial inequality prevail, knowledge lies at the heart of racial projects.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overarching intersectional frameworks have been so successful because they remain broad and unspecified.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the eugenics projects that advanced widely accepted scientific knowledge about race had significant impact on the public policies of the United States, Germany, and many nation-states.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The strength of racial formation theory lies in how it links specific knowledge projects (racial projects) with historically constructed power relations (racial formations).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“Linking power with knowledge, the construct of community provides an important framework for understanding the interpretive communities that advance intersectionality's many knowledge projects.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Knowledge projects are not free-floating phenomena; they are grounded in specific sociological processes experienced by actual people.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because understanding racial inequality remains central to racial formation theory, it provides intellectual and political space for subordinated social groups such as African Americans, Latinos, Asians, and indigenous peoples.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“(c) intersectionality as critical praxis that informs social justice projects”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“A sociology of knowledge framework suggests that knowledge-including knowledge aimed at better understanding intersectionality-is socially constructed and transmitted, legitimated, and reproduced.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Balibar 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Berger & Luckmann 1966
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- Not matchedcites Foucault 1980
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hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“intersectional knowledge projects typically focus on three interdependent concerns.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The third focal point emphasizes intersectionality as a form of critical praxis, especially its connections with social justice.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Yet despite these efforts, the richness of these knowledge projects rarely make it into the legitimated canon of established fields.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They provide the illusion that the constellation of smaller knowledge projects can be uncritically categorized under intersectionality's big tent umbrella.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet intersectionality goes farther than this mono-system analysis, introducing a greater level of complexity into conceptualizing inequality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Racial formations have distinctive configurations of racial projects for which interest groups advance various interpretations of racial inequality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first focal point makes intersectionality as a field of study the object of investigation.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality can build on this foundation by moving beyond a mono-categorical focus on racial inequality to encompass multiple forms of inequality that are organized via a similar logic.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet the sets of practitioners that lay claim to intersectionality via multiple cross-cutting and competitive intersectional knowledge projects reveal a lack of consensus about intersectionality's history, current organization, and future directions.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Historically constructed, ever-changing racial formations organize racialized groups, the specific patterns of racial inequality that link racialized populations, and social problems that ensue.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Just as racial formations change in response to racial projects, racial projects change in relation to changing racial formations.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality faces a particular definitional dilemma-it participates in the very power relations that it examines and, as a result, must pay special attention to the conditions that make its knowledge claims comprehensible.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality's definitional dilemma occurs in this intellectual and political space.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, there is the need for better assessments of pain, suffering, and injury.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In scholarly settings, the critical dimensions of Davis's work open her up to accusations of bias-her analyses of capitalism, neoliberalism, racism, and prisons can read as too polemical and therefore unscholarly.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality is not simply a field of study to be mastered or an analytical strategy for understanding; rather, intersectionality as critical praxis sheds light on the doing of social justice work.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet critical scholarship linked to critical practice such as this is also part of a broader intersectional knowledge project that increasingly transcends the traditional boundaries of academic projects.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For these scholar-activists, intersectionality as a form of critical praxis made sense for their social justice projects aimed at remedying complex social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the underemphasis on intersectionality as critical praxis within academia most likely reflects efforts to avoid the implicit political implications of intersectionality itself.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Scholars may know less about intersectionality as critical praxis simply because they fail to look for it.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet because the protected categories gain meaning only in relation to one another, actualizing human rights means transcending the limitations of a strictly legal statement of human rights.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The protected categories in human rights gain meaning only in relation to one another.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Holding fast to the creativity of this dynamic area of inquiry and practice yet finding a common language that will be useful to its practitioners is the cutting-edge definitional dilemma for intersectionality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, in activist venues searching for a critical analysis of social inequality, these same ideas remain wellreceived, precisely because her work remains critical.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, human rights requires more effective tools for identifying the kinds of distinctions that constitute discrimination.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet on the basis of their respective agendas, activist and scholarly circles can interpret Davis's intellectual production differently.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Women's studies assumed an important leadership role by enabling gender scholars who were spread across various disciplines to gather, compare, and contrast the study of women within their distinctive disciplines, and then migrate back into those very same disciplines with this new knowledge.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Davis's stature as a public intellectual has provided a platform for her ideas, making it difficult if not impossible to exclude them from academic venues.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For example, Canadian activist Harsha Walia's (2013) analysis of border imperialism is written for, not about, activists.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Walia 2013
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite intersectionality's ongoing definitional ambiguities, intersectionality as a field of study has catalyzed a copious outpouring of new knowledge, much of it produced by researchers, faculty members, and students who use intersectionality as an analytical strategy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > PRODUCING NEW KNOWLEDGE: INTERSECTIONALITY AS AN ANALYTICAL STRATEGY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This underemphasis may be due in part because these areas valorize studying or writing about intersectionality over practicing it.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mission statements from the IBPA illustrate the aspirations of social actors who wish to bring intersectionality into public policy areas:”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This rhetorical strategy of mentioning one African American woman as intersectionality's foremother fosters a collective ritual that legitimates this particular origin story.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The ideas expressed in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights bear a strong family resemblance to strands of intersectionality that are aligned with social justice initiatives.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the intellectual richness of Crenshaw's work, contemporary narratives of the emergence of intersectionality rarely situate her work within this crucial historical juncture linking knowledge projects from social movements advanced by women of color with the institutionalization of race/class/gender studies.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“As Carbado (2013) points out,”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Carbado 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this context, intersectionality as a knowledge project faces the fundamental challenge of sustaining its critical edge.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Practitioners are often frontline actors for solving social problems that are clearly linked to complex social inequalities, a social location that predisposes them to respond to intersectionality as critical praxis.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Teachers, social workers, parents, policy advocates, university support staff, community organizers, clergy, lawyers, graduate students, and nurses often have an up close and personal relationship to violence, homelessness, hunger, illiteracy, poverty, sexual assault, and similar phenomena.
In the paper
“For example, Simon Fraser University's Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis (IBPA) initiative, housed at the Institute for Intersectionality Research and Policy, aims to generate research with direct applicability to Canadian health policy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hankivsky 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality as a knowledge project remained unnamed as such during the 1980s, the major decade when its ideas but not its name were incorporated into the US academy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“For example, from her pathbreaking work on women, race, and class to her sustained attention to prison abolition, the storied career of Angela Davis (1981Davis ( , 2012) ) speaks to a sustained engagement with intersectionality as critical praxis.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Davis 1981
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Davis 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The value of critical praxis reflects the norms of any given interpretive community.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This connection between social justice and remedying complex social inequalities seems more prominent outside academic settings than within them.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Increasingly, intersectionality's ideas can travel across diverse interpretive communities, a shift that has important implications for intersectionality as critical praxis.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality potentially helps address three main concerns.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Her book is unlikely to be selected for ASA sessions on”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The third concern is the search for appropriate reparations and remedies to victims of human rights abuses.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Practitioners who would be drawn to intersectionality as critical praxis seek knowledge projects that take a stand; such projects would critique social injustices that characterize complex social inequalities, imagine alternatives, and/or propose viable action strategies for change.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite its ubiquity, intersectionality as critical praxis remains underemphasized within intersectionality as a field of study and within scholarship that draws on intersectionality as an analytical strategy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals, the challenge for this field lies in integrating intersectional frameworks into both health care delivery practices and public policies.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Rests on an assumption: Public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet groups such as these have a vested interest in drawing upon intersectional frameworks to address social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Local, grassroots, small-scale, and/or temporary groups that draw upon intersectionality to guide their critical praxis are typically composed of society's overlooked populations: the young, women, people of color, and poor people.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the visibility of scholars as the public face of intersectionality, practitioners such as hip-hop poets, Afro-Brazilian feminists, IBPA scholar-activists, and intellectual activists such as Angela Davis and Harsha Walia may be equally if not more likely to put forth the innovative, cutting-edge intersectional analyses that will advance the field.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The changing political economy of publishing and social media provides new venues for circulating intersectional analyses both outside and inside academia.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“It not only contained an explicit analysis of the interconnectedness of race, class, gender, and sexuality as systems of power, but also constituted one defining moment for the emergence of race/class/gender studies and its subsequent renaming as intersectionality (Collins 2000).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper relies on this without support.
Race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that shape complex social inequalities.
“The term intersectionality references the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in turn shape complex social inequalities.”
The paper relies on this without support.
A general consensus exists about intersectionality's general contours.
“By now, a general consensus exists about intersectionality's general contours.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Teachers, social workers, parents, policy advocates, university support staff, community organizers, clergy, lawyers, graduate students, and nurses often have an up close and personal relationship to violence, homelessness, hunger, illiteracy, poverty, sexual assault, and similar phenomena.
“Teachers, social workers, parents, policy advocates, university support staff, community organizers, clergy, lawyers, graduate students, and nurses often have an up close and personal relationship to violence, homelessness, hunger, illiteracy, poverty, sexual assault, and similar phenomena.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Local, grassroots, small-scale, and/or temporary groups that draw upon intersectionality to guide their critical praxis are typically composed of society's overlooked populations: the young, women, people of color, and poor people.
“Typically, these groups are composed of society's overlooked populations, specifically the young, women, people of color, and poor people.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals.
“Because public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals, the challenge for this field lies in integrating intersectional frameworks into both health care delivery practices and public policies.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The protected categories in human rights gain meaning only in relation to one another.
“Yet because the protected categories gain meaning only in relation to one another, actualizing human rights means transcending the limitations of a strictly legal statement of human rights.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Intersectionality theory suggests that people experience multiple forms of stigma in interlocking systems and structures of oppressive power.9”
From An acceptance-based, intersectional stigma coping intervention for people with HIV who inject drugs—a randomized clinical trial (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
“Toni Morrison's (1971Morrison's ( , 1987Morrison's ( , 1992) ) books The Bluest Eye and Beloved”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > References
“Morrison T. 1970. The Bluest Eye. New York: Vintage Books”
Citations
Cites
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Crenshaw, K. (1991) · Stanford Law Review · doi:10.2307/1229039 · Cited by 32,792
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Toward a Field of Intersectionality Studies: Theory, Applications, and Praxis
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 2,358
Intersectional analysis for science and technology
Nielsen, M. W., Gissi, E., Heidari, S., Horton, R. C., Nadeau, K. C., Ngila, D., Noble, S., Paik, H. Y., Tadesse, G. A., Zeng, E. Y., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08774-w · Cited by 33
“To conduct an intersectional analysis, researchers must carefully explain how their chosen variables may reflect relationships of power, privilege and disadvantage 33 .”
An Intersectional Physics Identity Framework for Studying Physics Settings
Johnson, A. C. (2020) · Cultural studies of science education · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41933-2_4 · Cited by 27
Chakraborty, J. (2020) · The Professional Geographer · doi:10.1080/00330124.2020.1787181 · Cited by 27
Kinitz, D. J., Salway, T., Kia, H., Ferlatte, O., Rich, A. J., & Ross, L. E. (2021) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/daab057 · Cited by 28
Self-perceived gender expression, discrimination, and mental health disparities in adulthood
Tabler, J., Schmitz, R. M., Nagata, J. M., & Geist, C. (2021) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100020 · Cited by 31
Pulignano, V., Dean, D., Domecka, M., & Vermeerbergen, L. (2023) · British Journal of Industrial Relations · doi:10.1111/bjir.12737 · Cited by 24
“The core insight of (the multiple understandings of) the concept of intersectionality is that social categories operate ‘as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in turn shape complex social inequalities’ (Collins, 2015, p. 2).”
Hawkins, R. L., Zia, M., Hind, D., & Lobo, A. (2024) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izae077 · Cited by 25
“98 American studies have shown that older Black ethnic populations with IBD have disproportionately lower health literacy.”
Intersectionality and Women’s Political Empowerment Worldwide
Hughes, M. M., & Dubrow, J. K. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64006-8_4 · Cited by 24
Vinck, J., & Lancker, W. V. (2019) · Work Employment and Society · doi:10.1177/0950017019872648 · Cited by 25
“There is a wealth of theoretical and empirical literature on intersectionality in different research fields (Bilge, 2010; Cho et al., 2013; Choo and Ferree, 2010; Collins, 2015; Dhamoon, 2011; Hancock, 2007; McCall, 2005; Walby, 2007; Walby et al., 2012; YuvalDavis, 2006).”
BackgroundMapping Syrian Refugee Border Crossings: A Feminist Approach
Kelly, M. (2019) · Cartographic Perspectives · doi:10.14714/cp93.1406 · Cited by 29
“In each interview, I focused on intersectionality or the “complexities, singularities, and interconnections” between individuals (Mohanty 2003, 523; Crenshaw 1991; Collins 2015).”
BackgroundParra, L. A., & Hastings, P. D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00228 · Cited by 27
“These approaches rarely account for how systems and processes of racism and heterosexism are interconnected through an intersectionality framework to affect the lives of multiply marginalized people at their social locations (Crenshaw, 1989; Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundMapping the Travels of Intersectionality Scholarship: A Citation Network Analysis
Moradi, B., Parent, M. C., Weis, A. S., Ouch, S., & Broad, K. L. (2020) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0361684320902408 · Cited by 32
“content areas, with some scholars claiming it as a field of study unto itself (Cho et al., 2013; Collins, 2015; Collins & Bilge, 2016).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialIntersectionality as a Regulative Ideal
Gasdaglis, K., & Madva, A. (2020) · Ergo an Open Access Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.3998/ergo.12405314.0006.044 · Cited by 26
How not to Globalise IR: ‘Centre’ and ‘Periphery’ as Constitutive of ‘the International’
Bilgin, P. (2021) · Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi · doi:10.33458/uidergisi.960548 · Cited by 26
Propositions for Race-Based Research in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Johnson, K. R., Bogenschutz, M. D., & Peak, K. (2021) · Inclusion · doi:10.1352/2326-6988-9.3.156 · Cited by 26
Picanço, F., Araújo, C., & Covre-Sussai, M. (2021) · Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População · doi:10.20947/s0102-3098a0177 · Cited by 32
Supernatural Sociology: Americans’ Beliefs by Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Education
Silva, T. J., & Woody, A. (2022) · Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World · doi:10.1177/23780231221084775 · Cited by 24
“Social identities and statuses structure lived experiences (Collins 2015; Crenshaw 1989), which in turn shape beliefs and attitudes.”
BackgroundBogan, E. D., Adams‐Bass, V. N., Francis, L. A., Gaylord‐Harden, N. K., Seaton, E. K., Scott, J. C., & Williams, J. L. (2022) · Child Policy Nexus · doi:10.1002/sop2.23 · Cited by 26
“Finally, there is a critical need for research that utilizes the Intersectional perspective (P. H. Collins, 2015) to delineate the impact of overlapping sources of oppression faced by Black children and adolescents, and the complexities of the effects of the pandemic as shaped by their experiences.”
Heimer, K. (2019) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/1745-9125.12220 · Cited by 26
Rodríguez, J. K., Guenther, E., & Faiz, R. (2022) · Gender in Management An International Journal · doi:10.1108/gm-07-2022-0253 · Cited by 23
Intersectional climate action: the role of community-based organisations in urban climate justice
Strange, K. F., Satorras, M., & March, H. (2024) · Local Environment · doi:10.1080/13549839.2024.2315992 · Cited by 29
Randles, J. M. (2018) · Social Problems · doi:10.1093/socpro/spy027 · Cited by 27
Collaborative and Inclusive Journalism: More Than Words
Ford, R., Gonzales, S., & Quade, V. N. T. (2020) · Journalism & Mass Communication Educator · doi:10.1177/1077695819900740 · Cited by 23
“This is increasingly referred to as intersectionality, a term derived from the impact the intersection of these overlapping systems has on people’s lives (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundAndrea, S. B., Eisenberg-Guyot, J., Blaikie, K., Owens, S., Oddo, V., Peckham, T., Minh, A., & Hajat, A. (2022) · The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbac095 · Cited by 15
“Data suggest that for older women of color with ≤HS, racism, sexism, and classism intersect and reinforce each other, amplifying the harms of complex structural inequities (Bauer, 2014; Cho et al., 2013; Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundDawes, H. C., Williams, D. Y., Klein, L., Forte, A. B., Gibbs, D., Wood, B., Hirst, L. E., & Hall, W. J. (2022) · Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research · doi:10.1086/721454 · Cited by 31
“As described by Collins (2015), intersectionality is “ the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability,andageoperate notas unitary,mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in turn shape complex social inequalities ” (p. 1).”
Carvalhaes, F. A. D. O., Senkevics, A. S., & Ribeiro, C. A. C. (2022) · Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10734-022-00916-7 · Cited by 25
The Problem of Class Abstractionism
McCarthy, M., & Desan, M. (2023) · Sociological theory · doi:10.1177/07352751231152489 · Cited by 24
“Class relativism is perhaps best exemplified by the framework of intersectionality (Collins 1990, 2015, 2019) or the paradigm of “classism” (hooks 2000), both of which tend to conceptualize class relations in analogous terms to other relations of power.”
BackgroundHudson, S. T. J., & Ghani, A. (2023) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/03616843231187851 · Cited by 28
“…around sexual orientation and race in gender research, we ask a question grounded in intersectionality, or the acknowledgment and incorporation of the interconnected nature of social identities into theories, hypotheses, methods, and interpretations (Cole, 2009; Collins, 2015; Crenshaw, 1989).”
BackgroundSkilled Migrants and Negotiations: New Identities, Belonging, Home and Settlement
Webb, S., & Lahiri-Roy, R. (2019) · Journal of Intercultural Studies · doi:10.1080/07256868.2019.1577225 · Cited by 23
“We also unpack the notion of hybridity and locate the analysis of our empirical work within intersectionality (Crenshaw, 1989; Collins, 2015) ‘as an analytical strategy that provides new angles of vision on social phenomena’ (Collins 2015: 1), recognising that migrants experience multiple processes…”
BackgroundCurammeng, E. R. (2020) · Race Ethnicity and Education · doi:10.1080/13613324.2019.1664003 · Cited by 28
“My turn to intersectionality acknowledges its formation through Patricia Hill Collins’ (2015) theorizing of Edward Said (1983) and others to consider the concept as a ‘traveling knowledge project’ (p. 7).”
BackgroundIntersectionality: A challenge for cultural studies in the 2020s
Corrêa, L. G. (2020) · International Journal of Cultural Studies · doi:10.1177/1367877920944181 · Cited by 23
Serra, R., Ludgate, N., Dowhaniuk, K. F., McKune, S. L., & Russo, S. L. (2022) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani12030241 · Cited by 27
“As Collins, 2015 [16] puts it, an intersectional analysis is “an analytical strategy” that aids in a better understanding of how complex power relations result from intersecting gender with social status, ethnicity, caste, or other social markers.”
BackgroundVindigni, G. (2024) · European Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.59324/ejahss.2024.1(5).01 · Cited by 34
“It provides a foundation for exploring marginalized experiences' breadth and diversity, enhancing understanding of systemic injustices across settings (Cruz et al., 2023; Annamma et al., 2018; Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundShrinking Poor White Life Spans: Class, Race, and Health Justice
Blacksher, E. A. (2018) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2018.1513585 · Cited by 22
““Class is routinely mentioned across intersectional scholarship, yet it remains underutilized as an analytical category to explain complex social inequalities” (Collins 2015, 13).”
BackgroundBarriers to Inclusion: Social Roots and Current Concerns
Grindstaff, L. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85668-7_2 · Cited by 31
Hargrove, T. W., Gaydosh, L. M., & Dennis, A. C. (2021) · Demography · doi:10.1215/00703370-9664206 · Cited by 22
Female Higher Education Teachers Use Digital Technologies More and Better than They Think
Juan, C. M., & Duran-Bellonch, M. (2021) · Digital Education Review · doi:10.1344/der.2021.40.172-184 · Cited by 22
“Future lines of research could study the digital gender gap from an intersectional perspective (Collins, 2015), considering it as an intersection category along with those mentioned above.”
BackgroundVanner, C., Holloway, A., & Almanssori, S. (2022) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2022.103755 · Cited by 31
Intersectionality Theory: A Critical Theory to Push Family Science Forward
Few‐Demo, A. L., Hunter, A. G., & Muruthi, B. A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-92002-9_31 · Cited by 29
Maragh-Lloyd, R. S. (2016) · Journal of Communication Inquiry · doi:10.1177/0196859916664082 · Cited by 29
“…upon the work of intersectional critical race technology studies (Noble & Tynes, 2016) that stresses the importance of intersectionality, as understood from canonical Black feminist works from Kimberlé Crenshaw (1989, 1991), Patricia Hill Collins (1990, 2000, 2015), and bell hooks (1984, 1990).”
Background1 Archaeologies of Political Ecology – Genealogies, Problems, and Orientations
Morehart, C. T., Millhauser, J. K., & Juarez, S. (2018) · Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association · doi:10.1111/apaa.12097 · Cited by 22
Introduction: Immigration and Changing Identities
Foner, N., Deaux, K., & Donato, K. M. (2018) · RSF The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences · doi:10.7758/rsf.2018.4.5.01 · Cited by 22
Steinfield, L. A., Venugopal, S., Appau, S., Barrios, A., Dadzie, C. A., Gau, R., Holt, D., Mai, N. T. T., & Shultz, C. J. (2020) · Journal of Public Policy & Marketing · doi:10.1177/0743915620976563 · Cited by 24
Tan, R. K. J., Ho, V., Sherqueshaa, S., Dee, W., Lim, J. M., Lo, J. J.-M., Teo, A. K. J., O’Hara, C. A., Ong, C., Ching, A. H., et al. (2021) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-021-01951-8 · Cited by 22
“Our findings reflect how such identities do not operate independently of one another, but are shaped in relation to broader social inequalities (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundIntersections between gender and other relevant social determinants of health inequalities
Goicolea, I., Öhman, A., & Vives‐Cases, C. (2017) · Global Health Action · doi:10.1080/16549716.2017.1397909 · Cited by 22
Introduction to the Special Issue on Class Dynamics from Socialism to Post-Socialism
Doolan, K., & Cepić, D. (2022) · Communist and Post-Communist Studies · doi:10.1525/j.postcomstud.2022.55.2.1 · Cited by 22
Smith, D. L. (2023) · Journal of Occupational Science · doi:10.1080/14427591.2023.2212676 · Cited by 23
Defining Spatial Epidemiology: A Systematic Review and Re-orientation
Morrison, C. N., Mair, C., Bates, L. M., Duncan, D. T., Branas, C. C., Bushover, B. R., Mehranbod, C. A., Gobaud, A. N., Uong, S. P., Forrest, S. E., et al. (2024) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000001738 · Cited by 31
“Similar search strategies have been implemented in other areas of public health science (e.g., global mental health, 69 intersectionality 70 ).”
MethodViña, S. M. (2024) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-024-02023-y · Cited by 21
“As scholars who study the intersectionality of race and gender have demonstrated [17], the lived experiences of marginalized individuals vary significantly.”
Institutional racism in the film industry: a multilevel perspective
Hennekam, S., & Syed, J. (2018) · Equality Diversity and Inclusion An International Journal · doi:10.1108/edi-05-2017-0108 · Cited by 23
Hankivsky, O., de Merich, D., & Christoffersen, A. (2019) · British Politics · doi:10.1057/s41293-018-00102-3 · Cited by 19
Constructing white autochthony in South Africa’s “soul country”: Intersections of race and land
Burnett, S. (2019) · Discourse Context & Media · doi:10.1016/j.dcm.2018.12.002 · Cited by 21
Coleman, R. D., Wallace, J. K., & Means, D. R. (2020) · Journal of College Student Retention Research Theory & Practice · doi:10.1177/1521025119895516 · Cited by 24
“For decades, Black women have discussed intersectionality and the compounding impacts of experiencing multiple forms of systemic oppression and existing outside of the margins of societal care and praxis (Collins, 2015; Crenshaw, 1991).”
BackgroundSemu, L. L. (2020) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs10040069 · Cited by 26
“According to Collins, intersectionality comprises three inter-related dimensions: i) a field of study (object of investigation); ii) an analytical strategy for investigating social phenomena; and, iii) a critical praxis for connecting scholarship with social justice [22].”
BackgroundIntersectionality within family sciences and family therapy journals from 2010 to 2020
Curtis, M. G., Ellis, É. M., Ann, S., Dai, Y., & Bermúdez, J. M. (2020) · Journal of Family Theory & Review · doi:10.1111/jftr.12399 · Cited by 26
A discussion on the notion of race in cognitive neuroscience research
Kaiser, A., Kessé, E. N., Rollins, O., Sala, S. D., & Cubelli, R. (2021) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2021.11.007 · Cited by 20
An Urgent Need for Quantitative Intersectionality in Physical Activity and Health Research
Lee, E., Airton, L., Lim, H., & Jung, E. (2023) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2022-0639 · Cited by 27
Layland, E. K., Bränström, R., Murchison, G. R., & Pachankis, J. E. (2023) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-023-01818-2 · Cited by 23
“Principles of intersectionality (Collins, 2015; Combahee River Collective, 1978; Crenshaw, 1991) suggest that these differences are shaped by various forms of structural stigma (e.”
BackgroundIntersectionality and feminist movements from a global perspective
Rosenkranz, G. B. (2024) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.13211 · Cited by 33
Intersectionality: old and new endeavours?
Vaiou, D. (2018) · Gender Place & Culture · doi:10.1080/0966369x.2018.1460330 · Cited by 24
Chan, C. D., & Henesy, R. K. (2018) · Journal of LGBTQ Issues in Counseling · doi:10.1080/15538605.2018.1526157 · Cited by 26
“…few of its philosophical underpinnings as mutually exclusive ideas, but rather, the nature of intersectionality relies on the cohesive nature within the entirety of its framework and, hence, joining of all epistemological values and core tenets (Bowleg, 2017; Bowleg & Bauer, 2016; Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Sociology of Race & Racism: Key Concepts, Contributions & Debates
Lewis, A. E., Hagerman, M. A., & Forman, T. A. (2019) · Equity & Excellence in Education · doi:10.1080/10665684.2019.1627958 · Cited by 23
“This has been explored theoretically in the work of black feminist sociologists like Collins (1986, 2000, 2015), Crenshaw (1991), Zinn and Dill (1993), and in the empirical work of a wide range of scholars such as Glenn (2004), Nagel (1998), Pattillo-McCoy (2000), Browne and Misra (2003), Bettie…”
BackgroundThe work-life experiences of an invisible workforce
Au, W. C., Ayudhya, U. C. N., Tan, Y. S., et al. (2019) · Equality Diversity and Inclusion An International Journal · doi:10.1108/edi-02-2019-0059 · Cited by 21
Radical politics, intersectionality and leadership for diversity in organizations
Pullen, A., Rhodes, C., McEwen, C., & Liu, H. (2019) · Management Decision · doi:10.1108/md-02-2019-0287 · Cited by 24
Pérez‐Sales, P., & Zraly, M. (2018) · Torture Journal · doi:10.7146/torture.v28i3.111179 · Cited by 21
Zubizarreta, D., & Beccia, A. L. (2025) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117712 · Cited by 25
They Told Me My Name: Developing a Deaf Identity
Mauldin, L., & Fannon, T. A. (2020) · Symbolic Interaction · doi:10.1002/symb.482 · Cited by 26
Gamboa, L. C. L., Ilac, E. J. D., Carangan, A. M. J. M., & Agida, J. I. S. (2020) · Leadership · doi:10.1177/1742715020953273 · Cited by 22
“…or the recognition that interlocking structures simultaneously dominate social groups within which multiple socially constructed and marginal identities (e.g., woman, nonheterosexual, low income, and nonwhite) converge to produce compounded social injustices (Collins, 2015; Crenshaw, 1991).”
BackgroundCubrich, M., & Tengesdal, J. A. (2021) · Industrial and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1017/iop.2021.42 · Cited by 21
“The utility of intersectionality for understanding these effects lies in its attentiveness to overlapping systems of oppression, power relations, and social inequalities (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialSheth, M. J., & Salisbury, J. D. (2021) · Educational Policy · doi:10.1177/08959048211059478 · Cited by 23
“Such projects would critique social injustices that characterize complex social inequalities, imagine alternatives, and/or propose viable action strategies for change” (Collins, 2015, p.17).”
Hutchings, K. (2021) · Journal of Global Mobility The Home of Expatriate Management Research · doi:10.1108/jgm-02-2021-0012 · Cited by 25
Intensive mothering in the time of coronavirus
Lutz, A., Lee, S., & Bokayev, B. (2022) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12515 · Cited by 22
Bletscher, C. G., & Spiers, S. S. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20075324 · Cited by 20
Cabieses, B., V, Fernández, B. V., Blukacz, A., Farante, S. V., Bojórquez, I., & Mezones‐Holguín, E. (2023) · The Lancet Regional Health - Americas · doi:10.1016/j.lana.2023.100538 · Cited by 23
Hou, Y., Chen, S., & Yu, S. (2023) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2023.104244 · Cited by 24
Debusscher, P., & Maes, E. L. (2024) · Political Studies Review · doi:10.1177/14789299241242343 · Cited by 25
“Consequently, social categories may not hold the same relevance or significance in other spatial or temporal contexts (Collins, 2015).”
Reggiani, M., Gagnon, J. D., & Lunn, R. J. (2024) · Science Education · doi:10.1002/sce.21899 · Cited by 26
“As both critical inquiry and praxis, intersectionality theory is underpinned by an “ ethos of social justice ” (Collins, 2015) and is committed to transformative action that resists and challenges discrimination.”
BackgroundMethodRadical Visions, Structural Constraints
Boucher, L. M. (2017) · Affilia · doi:10.1177/0886109917730042 · Cited by 23
“…of race, class, gender, and sexuality interconnect and sustain one another (Collins 2000; Combahee River Collective, 1995; Crenshaw 1991; Davis 1981; hooks 1984; also see Mianda 2014) and they argued that oppression “ . . . could not be solved by mono-categorical solutions” (Collins 2015, p. 8).”
BackgroundLee, R. (2019) · Journal of Human Lactation · doi:10.1177/0890334419830992 · Cited by 19
Toward Praxis, Promise, and Futures of Intersectionality in Multimethod Counseling Research
Chan, C. D., Henesy, R. K., & Erby, A. N. (2019) · Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation · doi:10.1080/21501378.2018.1562845 · Cited by 24
“To offer action steps for communities of participants, researchers, educators, or counselors, intersectionality studies should culminate in a social justice agenda toward social action (Chan, 2018; Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundSocial Policy Perspectives on Economic Inequality in Wealthy Countries
Giordono, L. S., Jones, M. D., & Rothwell, D. W. (2019) · Policy Studies Journal · doi:10.1111/psj.12315 · Cited by 20
Ivany, A. S., & Schminkey, D. L. (2019) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2019.1632400 · Cited by 24
“First described by Crenshaw (1991) and theoretically explicated by Collins (2015), intersectionality explains how the interactions between race, class, and gender affect individual experience, opportunity, and social value.”
Background‘My little beautiful mess’: a longitudinal study of working-class masculinity in transition
Stahl, G. (2020) · NORMA · doi:10.1080/18902138.2020.1729572 · Cited by 22
“Born out of feminist theory, specifically Crenshaw’s (1991) and Collins (2015) scholarship investigating societal oppression and women of color, intersectionality theory has sought to address how theorists identify categories of difference and demonstrate the ways in which these categories interact…”
BackgroundBilecen, B. (2021) · Global Networks · doi:10.1111/glob.12318 · Cited by 24
“…those regular and dense personal ties that go beyond nation-state borders (Faist, 2000; Levitt & Glick Schiller, 2004) are argued to be important in migrants’ lives in terms of social support, belonging, and identity (Bilecen, 2014, 2016; Boccagni, 2012; Dahinden, 2005; Vacca et al., 2018).”
BackgroundMore than just a bus trip: School busing, disability and access to education in Toronto, Canada
Buliung, R. N., Bilas, P., Ross, T., Marmureanu, C., & El-Geneidy, A. (2021) · Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.tra.2021.04.005 · Cited by 22
Oeur, F. B. (2016) · Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World · doi:10.1177/2378023116633712 · Cited by 20
Nkimbeng, M. J., Taylor, J. L. W., Roberts, L., WINCH, P. J., Commodore-Mensah, Y. Y., Thorpe, R. J., Han, H., & Szanton, S. L. (2020) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.08.002 · Cited by 20
Muzanenhamo, P., & Chowdhury, R. R. (2022) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-022-05111-3 · Cited by 21
“Researchers apply intersectionality in multiple and often inconsistent ways (Jordan-Zachery, 2007) to explore the experiences of marginalized global communities (Collins, 2015; Collins & Bilge, 2020) which include Asian cis-heterosexual male leaders (Liu, 2019b), gay and queer individuals (Rahman, 2010), and niche sci…”
BackgroundEquity Promoting Integrated Care: Definition and Future Development
Wankah, P., Gordon, D., Shahid, S., Chandra, S., Abejirinde, I. O., Yoon, R., Wodchis, W. P., O'Campo, P. J., Gray, C. S., Clark, N., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.5334/ijic.7614 · Cited by 19
Daskalopoulou, A. (2024) · Studies in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03075079.2024.2306364 · Cited by 26
“Speci fi cally, I make an empirical contribution to the critical literature on student evaluations by drawing on intersectionality (Collins 2015; Collins and Bilge 2016; Crenshaw 1991) to show the impact of biased student evaluations on academics ’ wellbeing and mental health (He ff ernan 2022; 2023;…”
Selective pronatalism in childcare and reproductive health policies in Czechoslovakia
Hašková, H., & Dudová, R. (2020) · The History of the Family · doi:10.1080/1081602x.2020.1737561 · Cited by 24
Is it Race, Sex, Gender or All Three? Predicting Risk for Alcohol Consumption in Emerging Adulthood
Wade, J. (2020) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-020-01780-8 · Cited by 19
Exploring the Experiences of Heterosexual and Asexual Transgender People
Sumerau, J. E., Barbee, H., Mathers, L. A. B., et al. (2018) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci7090162 · Cited by 19
“As intersectional (Collins 2015) and LGBQ (Schrock et al. 2015) scholars have shown, the varieties and diversity of contemporary sexual and gendered populations and experiences provide fertile ground for understanding the social construction of norms, inequalities, and assumptions that benefit some…”
Background“I don’t bang: I’m just a Blood”: Situating gang identities in their proper place
Lopez‐Aguado, P., & Walker, M. L. (2019) · Theoretical Criminology · doi:10.1177/1362480619854152 · Cited by 19
“Indeed, because social encounters have the potential to involve multiple identities from different social roles and social categories (Collins, 2015), gang rivalry may form around racial, ethnic, gendered, and class identities, and become a proxy through which members manage the cultural, racial,…”
BackgroundThe use and operationalization of “structural stigma” in health-related research: A scoping review
Eschliman, E. L., Kisanga, E. P., Huang, L. J., Poku, O. B., Genberg, B. L., German, D., Murray, S. M., Yang, L. H., & Kaufman, M. R. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-21171-8 · Cited by 22
“There are myriad potential reasons for this apparent separation, ranging from the histories of stigma and discrimination research [73, 74] to the real benefits of using more specific terminology to call out and inter-rogate specific systems of oppression [13].”
Fibbi, R., Midtbøen, A. H., & Simon, P. (2021) · IMISCOE research series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67281-2_2 · Cited by 30
Racism, Health, and Politics: Advancing Interdisciplinary Knowledge
Michener, J., & LeBrón, A. M. W. (2021) · Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law · doi:10.1215/03616878-9517149 · Cited by 19
Intersectionality and the Interpretation of Past Pandemics
Yaussy, S. L. (2022) · Bioarchaeology International · doi:10.5744/bi.2020.0028 · Cited by 21
Black male college athlete identity: A scoping review
Howe, J. E. (2022) · International Review for the Sociology of Sport · doi:10.1177/10126902221082042 · Cited by 18
“…used multiple perspectives, and some were also atheoretical, which is why the number of articles in the table does not match the 26 articles reviewed. identities within Black male college athletes, scholars could begin introducing intersectionality (Collins, 2015) as a prominent perspective to use.”
Background‘I’m a PR person. Let’s just deal with it.’ Managing intersectionality in professional life
Edwards, L. (2022) · Public Relations Inquiry · doi:10.1177/2046147x221089323 · Cited by 20
“Consequently, intersectional research must be focused on the power dynamics that operate in the context of struggles between institutional interests and individual resistance in particular locations (Rice et al., 2019; Collins, 2015).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Collins, P. H.
- Affiliations
- Department of Sociology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-1315;
- Venue
- Annual Review of Sociology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2015-08-14
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-20
- ISSN
- 0360-0572 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2115
- OpenAlex
- W2148974647
- Semantic Scholar
- 48116d925a63de9e9dd793450a6ed59d51767d35
- Cited by
- 2,419
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 254 · 2025: 320 · 2024: 325 · 2023: 295 · 2022: 287 · 2021: 240 · 2020: 211 · 2019: 220 · 2018: 130 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 9
- FWCI
- 28.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Sociology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Feminist Theory and Gender Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Health, and Social Inequality
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
- Keywords
- intersectionality, power relations, social inequality, race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, disability, age, critical praxis, social justice, knowledge production
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