The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 105 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 25 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas
Open accessAbstract
Defines intersectionality as a knowledge project attentive to power relations and notes that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age are reciprocally constructing phenomena.
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Claims the paper makes
62 Own interpretation · 13 Sources not found · 13 No basis given · 8 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet
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In the paper
“The growth and institutionalization of intersectionality can also be measured by the arrival of undergraduate readers whose purpose is to introduce intersectionality to students and the lay public.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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In the paper
“in a postgenomic age, the resurgence of race in science, law, and medicine points to the resiliency of biological understandings of race within contemporary racial projects of science itself, typically without racially discriminatory intent (Duster 2015).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Duster 2015 source
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In the paper
“African American intellectual production has a storied history of protesting both the social structural dimensions of racism and the cultural representations of people of African descent (Kelley 2002).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kelley 2002
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In the paper
“contemporary color-blind racism constitutes a differently organized yet equally powerful racial formation that manages to replicate racial hierarchies, often without overt attention to race itself”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bonilla-Silva 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Brown et al. 2003
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plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this theory makes room for multiple interpretive communities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Instead, Black feminism's immediate concern in the United States was to empower African American women through critical analyses of how mutually constructing systems of oppression of race, class, gender, and sexuality framed the social issues and social inequalities that Black women faced.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in the United States, the racial formation of color-conscious racism has relied on a deep-seated logic of segregation that was applied to all aspects of social structures and cultural representations.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Such groups find intellectual and political space within racial formation theory for the group-based knowledge of racial projects that oppose racial hierarchy and racial inequality (Collins 1998a, pp. 201-28).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 1998a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Through its analysis of racial projects, racial formation theory can account for change in ways that retain the agency of individual human actors and group-based action.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Racial formation theory offers social actors guidance as to how their individual and collective actions matter in shaping racial inequality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several special editions of journals have also been devoted to various aspects of intersectionality as a field of study.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Monographs too numerous to cite here use the term intersectionality, as well as various combinations of the terms race, class, gender, ethnicity, sexuality, and ability in their titles”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By the early 2000s, heightened interest in intersectionality fostered a blizzard of journal articles, special editions to journals, edited volumes, and undergraduate anthologies.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality's increasing acceptance as a field of study within the academy is clearly evident.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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In the paper
“Because it conceptualizes race as situated within the recursive relationship between social structures and cultural representations, racial formation theory conflates neither discourses about race”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whereas racial formation theory (ironically, itself a knowledge project) focuses on racism as a mono-categorical system of power, intersectionality examines social formations of multiple, complex social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In this regard, Black feminism as a knowledge project was both situated within the specific context of the United States and connected to broader, global social justice concerns (Collins 2000, pp. 227-50).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 2000, pp. 227-50
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Eugenics arguments fell out of favor in the post-World War II era, suggesting that counterarguments claiming that race was socially constructed with no connections to biology had prevailed.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(a) intersectionality as a field of study that is situated within the power relations that it studies”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The broader knowledge project provides a set of ideas that provide moments of definitional consensus.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“Within racial formation theory, ideas matter, not simply as hegemonic ideologies produced by elites but also as tangible, multiple knowledge projects that are advanced by specific interpretive communities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“racial formation theory conflates neither discourses about race (e.g., racial meanings, representations, and social identities) nor the power relations in which racial meanings are situated.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(b) intersectionality as an analytical strategy that provides new angles of vision on social phenomena”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“within this overarching umbrella, intersectionality can also be profitably conceptualized as a constellation of knowledge projects that change in relation to one another in tandem with changes in the interpretive communities that advance them.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“Intersectionality can be conceptualized as an overarching knowledge project whose changing contours grow from and respond to social formations of complex social inequalities”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“I analyze intersectionality as a knowledge project whose raison d'être lies in its attentiveness to power relations and social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
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- Rests on an assumption: Race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that shape complex social inequalities.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because groups aim to have their interpretations of racial inequality prevail, knowledge lies at the heart of racial projects.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overarching intersectional frameworks have been so successful because they remain broad and unspecified.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the eugenics projects that advanced widely accepted scientific knowledge about race had significant impact on the public policies of the United States, Germany, and many nation-states.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The strength of racial formation theory lies in how it links specific knowledge projects (racial projects) with historically constructed power relations (racial formations).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“Linking power with knowledge, the construct of community provides an important framework for understanding the interpretive communities that advance intersectionality's many knowledge projects.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Knowledge projects are not free-floating phenomena; they are grounded in specific sociological processes experienced by actual people.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because understanding racial inequality remains central to racial formation theory, it provides intellectual and political space for subordinated social groups such as African Americans, Latinos, Asians, and indigenous peoples.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“(c) intersectionality as critical praxis that informs social justice projects”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“A sociology of knowledge framework suggests that knowledge-including knowledge aimed at better understanding intersectionality-is socially constructed and transmitted, legitimated, and reproduced.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Balibar 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Berger & Luckmann 1966
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- Not matchedcites Foucault 1980
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hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“intersectional knowledge projects typically focus on three interdependent concerns.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The third focal point emphasizes intersectionality as a form of critical praxis, especially its connections with social justice.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Yet despite these efforts, the richness of these knowledge projects rarely make it into the legitimated canon of established fields.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They provide the illusion that the constellation of smaller knowledge projects can be uncritically categorized under intersectionality's big tent umbrella.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet intersectionality goes farther than this mono-system analysis, introducing a greater level of complexity into conceptualizing inequality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Racial formations have distinctive configurations of racial projects for which interest groups advance various interpretations of racial inequality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first focal point makes intersectionality as a field of study the object of investigation.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality can build on this foundation by moving beyond a mono-categorical focus on racial inequality to encompass multiple forms of inequality that are organized via a similar logic.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet the sets of practitioners that lay claim to intersectionality via multiple cross-cutting and competitive intersectional knowledge projects reveal a lack of consensus about intersectionality's history, current organization, and future directions.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Historically constructed, ever-changing racial formations organize racialized groups, the specific patterns of racial inequality that link racialized populations, and social problems that ensue.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Just as racial formations change in response to racial projects, racial projects change in relation to changing racial formations.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality faces a particular definitional dilemma-it participates in the very power relations that it examines and, as a result, must pay special attention to the conditions that make its knowledge claims comprehensible.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality's definitional dilemma occurs in this intellectual and political space.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, there is the need for better assessments of pain, suffering, and injury.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In scholarly settings, the critical dimensions of Davis's work open her up to accusations of bias-her analyses of capitalism, neoliberalism, racism, and prisons can read as too polemical and therefore unscholarly.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality is not simply a field of study to be mastered or an analytical strategy for understanding; rather, intersectionality as critical praxis sheds light on the doing of social justice work.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet critical scholarship linked to critical practice such as this is also part of a broader intersectional knowledge project that increasingly transcends the traditional boundaries of academic projects.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For these scholar-activists, intersectionality as a form of critical praxis made sense for their social justice projects aimed at remedying complex social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the underemphasis on intersectionality as critical praxis within academia most likely reflects efforts to avoid the implicit political implications of intersectionality itself.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Scholars may know less about intersectionality as critical praxis simply because they fail to look for it.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet because the protected categories gain meaning only in relation to one another, actualizing human rights means transcending the limitations of a strictly legal statement of human rights.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The protected categories in human rights gain meaning only in relation to one another.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Holding fast to the creativity of this dynamic area of inquiry and practice yet finding a common language that will be useful to its practitioners is the cutting-edge definitional dilemma for intersectionality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, in activist venues searching for a critical analysis of social inequality, these same ideas remain wellreceived, precisely because her work remains critical.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, human rights requires more effective tools for identifying the kinds of distinctions that constitute discrimination.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet on the basis of their respective agendas, activist and scholarly circles can interpret Davis's intellectual production differently.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Women's studies assumed an important leadership role by enabling gender scholars who were spread across various disciplines to gather, compare, and contrast the study of women within their distinctive disciplines, and then migrate back into those very same disciplines with this new knowledge.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Davis's stature as a public intellectual has provided a platform for her ideas, making it difficult if not impossible to exclude them from academic venues.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For example, Canadian activist Harsha Walia's (2013) analysis of border imperialism is written for, not about, activists.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Walia 2013
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite intersectionality's ongoing definitional ambiguities, intersectionality as a field of study has catalyzed a copious outpouring of new knowledge, much of it produced by researchers, faculty members, and students who use intersectionality as an analytical strategy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > PRODUCING NEW KNOWLEDGE: INTERSECTIONALITY AS AN ANALYTICAL STRATEGY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This underemphasis may be due in part because these areas valorize studying or writing about intersectionality over practicing it.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mission statements from the IBPA illustrate the aspirations of social actors who wish to bring intersectionality into public policy areas:”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This rhetorical strategy of mentioning one African American woman as intersectionality's foremother fosters a collective ritual that legitimates this particular origin story.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The ideas expressed in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights bear a strong family resemblance to strands of intersectionality that are aligned with social justice initiatives.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the intellectual richness of Crenshaw's work, contemporary narratives of the emergence of intersectionality rarely situate her work within this crucial historical juncture linking knowledge projects from social movements advanced by women of color with the institutionalization of race/class/gender studies.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“As Carbado (2013) points out,”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Carbado 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this context, intersectionality as a knowledge project faces the fundamental challenge of sustaining its critical edge.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Practitioners are often frontline actors for solving social problems that are clearly linked to complex social inequalities, a social location that predisposes them to respond to intersectionality as critical praxis.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Teachers, social workers, parents, policy advocates, university support staff, community organizers, clergy, lawyers, graduate students, and nurses often have an up close and personal relationship to violence, homelessness, hunger, illiteracy, poverty, sexual assault, and similar phenomena.
In the paper
“For example, Simon Fraser University's Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis (IBPA) initiative, housed at the Institute for Intersectionality Research and Policy, aims to generate research with direct applicability to Canadian health policy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hankivsky 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality as a knowledge project remained unnamed as such during the 1980s, the major decade when its ideas but not its name were incorporated into the US academy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“For example, from her pathbreaking work on women, race, and class to her sustained attention to prison abolition, the storied career of Angela Davis (1981Davis ( , 2012) ) speaks to a sustained engagement with intersectionality as critical praxis.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Davis 1981
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Davis 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The value of critical praxis reflects the norms of any given interpretive community.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This connection between social justice and remedying complex social inequalities seems more prominent outside academic settings than within them.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Increasingly, intersectionality's ideas can travel across diverse interpretive communities, a shift that has important implications for intersectionality as critical praxis.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality potentially helps address three main concerns.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Her book is unlikely to be selected for ASA sessions on”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The third concern is the search for appropriate reparations and remedies to victims of human rights abuses.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Practitioners who would be drawn to intersectionality as critical praxis seek knowledge projects that take a stand; such projects would critique social injustices that characterize complex social inequalities, imagine alternatives, and/or propose viable action strategies for change.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite its ubiquity, intersectionality as critical praxis remains underemphasized within intersectionality as a field of study and within scholarship that draws on intersectionality as an analytical strategy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals, the challenge for this field lies in integrating intersectional frameworks into both health care delivery practices and public policies.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Rests on an assumption: Public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet groups such as these have a vested interest in drawing upon intersectional frameworks to address social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Local, grassroots, small-scale, and/or temporary groups that draw upon intersectionality to guide their critical praxis are typically composed of society's overlooked populations: the young, women, people of color, and poor people.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the visibility of scholars as the public face of intersectionality, practitioners such as hip-hop poets, Afro-Brazilian feminists, IBPA scholar-activists, and intellectual activists such as Angela Davis and Harsha Walia may be equally if not more likely to put forth the innovative, cutting-edge intersectional analyses that will advance the field.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The changing political economy of publishing and social media provides new venues for circulating intersectional analyses both outside and inside academia.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“It not only contained an explicit analysis of the interconnectedness of race, class, gender, and sexuality as systems of power, but also constituted one defining moment for the emergence of race/class/gender studies and its subsequent renaming as intersectionality (Collins 2000).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper relies on this without support.
Race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that shape complex social inequalities.
“The term intersectionality references the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in turn shape complex social inequalities.”
The paper relies on this without support.
A general consensus exists about intersectionality's general contours.
“By now, a general consensus exists about intersectionality's general contours.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Teachers, social workers, parents, policy advocates, university support staff, community organizers, clergy, lawyers, graduate students, and nurses often have an up close and personal relationship to violence, homelessness, hunger, illiteracy, poverty, sexual assault, and similar phenomena.
“Teachers, social workers, parents, policy advocates, university support staff, community organizers, clergy, lawyers, graduate students, and nurses often have an up close and personal relationship to violence, homelessness, hunger, illiteracy, poverty, sexual assault, and similar phenomena.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Local, grassroots, small-scale, and/or temporary groups that draw upon intersectionality to guide their critical praxis are typically composed of society's overlooked populations: the young, women, people of color, and poor people.
“Typically, these groups are composed of society's overlooked populations, specifically the young, women, people of color, and poor people.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals.
“Because public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals, the challenge for this field lies in integrating intersectional frameworks into both health care delivery practices and public policies.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The protected categories in human rights gain meaning only in relation to one another.
“Yet because the protected categories gain meaning only in relation to one another, actualizing human rights means transcending the limitations of a strictly legal statement of human rights.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Intersectionality theory suggests that people experience multiple forms of stigma in interlocking systems and structures of oppressive power.9”
From An acceptance-based, intersectional stigma coping intervention for people with HIV who inject drugs—a randomized clinical trial (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
“Toni Morrison's (1971Morrison's ( , 1987Morrison's ( , 1992) ) books The Bluest Eye and Beloved”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > References
“Morrison T. 1970. The Bluest Eye. New York: Vintage Books”
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 2,358
Couto, M. T., de Oliveira, E., Separavich, M. A., & Luiz, O. D. C. (2019) · Salud Colectiva · doi:10.18294/sc.2019.1994 · Cited by 110
Ali, F., Malik, A., Pereira, V. E., & Ariss, A. A. (2016) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2016.1166784 · Cited by 88
“In a study of Pakistani and Bangladeshi heritage women living in the UK, Dale (2005) observed that these women face greater challenges in achieving a balance between employment and family roles.”
Introduction: super-diversity in everyday life
Foner, N., Duyvendak, J. W., & Kasinitz, P. (2017) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2017.1406969 · Cited by 85
“While this concept is widely used on both sides of the Atlantic, particularly among feminist scholars, it has probably had broader acceptance in the United States (see, for example, Patricia Hill Collins’s American Sociological Association presidential address, Collins 2015).”
BackgroundTheorising social class and its application to the study of health inequalities
McCartney, G., Bartley, M., Dundas, R., Katikireddi, S. V., Mitchell, R., Popham, F., Walsh, D., & Wami, W. M. (2018) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.10.015 · Cited by 90
Intersectional decomposition analysis with differential exposure, effects, and construct
Jackson, J. W., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2019) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.01.033 · Cited by 86
“Hill Collins P, 2015 Intersectionality’s Definitional Dilemmas.”
BackgroundThe intimacy triple bind: Structural inequalities and relational labour in the influencer industry
Glatt, Z. (2023) · European Journal of Cultural Studies · doi:10.1177/13675494231194156 · Cited by 116
“In line with Noble and Tynes, I draw upon Patricia Hill Collins’ (2015) definition of intersectionality to encompass ‘the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing…”
BackgroundEpistemic injustice and epistemic positioning: towards an intersectional political economy
Baćević, J. (2021) · Current Sociology · doi:10.1177/00113921211057609 · Cited by 89
“Of course, standpoint epistemology (Haraway, 1991; Harding, 1991) and intersectionality (Collins, 2015) have long argued that marginalized individuals and groups have specific insight into mechanisms of power and oppression not normally accessible to those whose epistemic position aligns with the…”
BackgroundMarinucci, L., Mazzuca, C., & Aldo Gangemi, A. (2022) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-022-01474-3 · Cited by 107
“It is notable—especially in a system that has been “de-biased”— the lack of semantic representation for black_woman, while white_woman remained a stand-in for woman, which shows the continued issue of intersectionality (Collins 2015), that is the issue of racialized, gendered intersections.”
BackgroundOverstreet, N. M., Rosenthal, L., & Case, K. A. (2020) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12414 · Cited by 88
Gkiouleka, A., & Huijts, T. (2020) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113218 · Cited by 90
Erete, S. L., Thomas, K., Nacu, D., Dickinson, J., Thompson, N., & Pinkard, N. (2021) · ACM Transactions on Computing Education · doi:10.1145/3451345 · Cited by 87
Representing their own? Ethnic minority women in the Dutch Parliament
Mügge, L. M., van der Pas, D., & van de Wardt, M. (2019) · West European Politics · doi:10.1080/01402382.2019.1573036 · Cited by 87
Caste, class and gender in determining access to energy: A critical review of LPG adoption in India
Patnaik, S., & Jha, S. (2020) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2020.101530 · Cited by 79
Social Stigma and Perinatal Substance Use Services: Recognizing the Power of the Good Mother Ideal
Nichols, T. R., Welborn, A. C., Gringle, M. R., & Lee, A. E. (2020) · Contemporary Drug Problems · doi:10.1177/0091450920969200 · Cited by 77
“Research that employs an intersectional lens usually has an element of activism—a desire to illuminate inequalities as part of their elimination (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundIntersectionality: a means for centering power and oppression in research
Wyatt, T. R., Johnson, M., & Zaidi, Z. (2022) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-022-10110-0 · Cited by 93
“In her speech, she draws attention to how combinations of one’s race, gender, class, sexuality, ethnicity, ability, age, and geographical location create unique social experiences within the fabric of society (Hill-Collins, 2015).”
Background“Diversity Within”: The Problems with “Intersectional” White Feminism in Practice
Christoffersen, A., & Emejulu, A. (2022) · Social Politics International Studies in Gender State & Society · doi:10.1093/sp/jxac044 · Cited by 97
Intersectionality: An Underutilized but Essential Theoretical Framework for Social Psychology
Bowleg, L. (2017) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-51018-1_25 · Cited by 92
How Race and Gender Stereotypes Influence Help-Seeking for Intimate Partner Violence
Monterrosa, A. E. (2019) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260519853403 · Cited by 90
“Intersectionality combines critical race theory and legal perspectives by conceptualizing the social locations of individuals to include the analysis of race, class, gender, and sexuality as integral components of oppression to examine not only individual experiences but also social phenomena (Collins, 2015; Crenshaw,…”
BackgroundDiemer, M. C., Gerstein, E. D., & Regester, A. (2022) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613221113501 · Cited by 98
“Intersectionality has been conceptualized as the movement against single-axis perspectives, which narrowly examine aspects of humanity, and toward more integrated identity investigations and the power structures that oppress them (Cho et al., 2013; Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundAmroussia, N., Hernández, A., Vives‐Cases, C., & Goicolea, I. (2017) · Reproductive Health · doi:10.1186/s12978-017-0290-9 · Cited by 85
“It focuses on the most marginalized groups in the society, while recognizing the diversity of their lived experiences [31, 32].”
BackgroundIndigenous climate change adaptation: New directions for emerging scholarship
Johnson, D. E., Parsons, M., & Fisher, K. (2021) · Environment and Planning E Nature and Space · doi:10.1177/25148486211022450 · Cited by 97
“Intersectionality is a ‘critical praxis’ (Collins, 2015: 15–17) that seeks to promote social justice and address inequalities.”
BackgroundIshaq, S. L., Parada, F. J., Wolf, P. G., Bonilla, C. Y., Carney, M. A., Benezra, A., Wissel, E. F., Friedman, M., DeAngelis, K. M., Robinson, J. M., et al. (2021) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.00471-21 · Cited by 77
Landor, A. M., Winter, V. L. R., Thurston, I. B., Chan, J., Craddock, N., Ladd, B. A., Tylka, T. L., Swami, V., Watson, L. B., & Choukas‐Bradley, S. (2023) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101674 · Cited by 85
Martino, A. S., & Schormans, A. F. (2018) · Forum qualitative Sozialforschung · doi:10.17169/fqs-19.3.3090 · Cited by 72
Critical health literacy: reflection and action for health
Abel, T., & Benkert, R. (2022) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/daac114 · Cited by 93
“Drawing on works from Crenshaw (1991) and those writing drawing from intersectionality theory (Collins, 2015) might also help advance the concept of CHL and augment critical discussions of health literacy in general.”
Sandwick, T., Fine, M., Greene, A. C., Stoudt, B. G., Torre, M. E., & Patel, L. (2018) · Urban Education · doi:10.1177/0042085918763513 · Cited by 71
“Furthermore, such unidimensional notions of identity (“The Negro”) can obscure a more intersectional reality—both limiting our understanding of the nature of power and injustice, and restricting our imagination for new solidarities or forms of resistance (Hill-Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundBlodgett, A. T., Ge, Y., Schinke, R. J., & McGannon, K. R. (2017) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.06.006 · Cited by 82
“Intersectionality refers to the critical insight that identities and meanings of race, class, gender, ethnicity, sexuality, dis/ability, or age do not operate exclusively fromone another, but rather, interact and co-constitute people's lived realities (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialGriffin, K. A. (2019) · Higher education · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11743-6_4-1 · Cited by 91
“Intersectionality insists that we go beyond acknowledging how multiple identities shift in salience based on context, addressing how power and oppression are ascribed to our identities and how they come together to create a unique experience of marginalization or privilege (Collins 2015; Harris and Patton Davis 2019).”
BackgroundInfluentialSang, K., & Calvard, T. S. (2019) · Gender Work and Organization · doi:10.1111/gwao.12382 · Cited by 82
Beyond the Coronavirus: Understanding Crises of Social Reproduction
Rao, S. (2021) · Global Labour Journal · doi:10.15173/glj.v12i1.4307 · Cited by 70
“…about such inter-weaving when collective rather than individual identities are the starting point, and emancipation “is contingent upon the emancipation of the community rather than separation from it” (Rao, 2009: 23), see Davis (1983), Rao (2009), Menon (2012) and Collins (2015), among others.”
BackgroundGriffin, K. A. (2020) · Higher education · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-31365-4_4 · Cited by 81
Williamson, K., & Kizilcec, R. F. (2022) · International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge (LAK) · doi:10.1145/3506860.3506900 · Cited by 73
“This lack of data implies a narrative that all participants are the same and reinforces the norms associated with those most privileged in a context [18].”
BackgroundWedow, R., Zacher, M. L., Huibregtse, B. M., Harris, K. M., Domingue, B. W., & Boardman, J. D. (2018) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/0003122418785368 · Cited by 71
“In the same way that an intersectional perspective permeates much of the sociological literature (Collins 2015), one might imagine moderating effects of not just birth cohort, but also of gender, social class, or exposure to particular policy regimes, for example, on the genetic correlation between…”
BackgroundIntersectionality as a theoretical framework for researching health inequities in chronic pain
Macgregor, C., Walumbe, J., Tulle, E., Seenan, C., & Blane, D. (2023) · British Journal of Pain · doi:10.1177/20494637231188583 · Cited by 73
“Research might include small scale, grassroots, community projects of typically overlooked populations.(30) In this process, researchers are acknowledged as social actors and reflexivity is an important part of the methodology.”
BackgroundInfluentialMartino, A. S. (2017) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.12471 · Cited by 73
Ivany, A. S., Bullock, L., Schminkey, D. L., Wells, K. M., Sharps, P. W., & Kools, S. M. (2018) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732318786705 · Cited by 73
“Intersectionality is “the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in turn shape complex social inequalities” (Collins, 2015, p. 2).”
Salih, R., Zambelli, E., & Welchman, L. (2020) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2020.1779948 · Cited by 70
“…on the interplay – rather than syphoning – of racial and gender violence (Combahee River Collective 1977; Lorde 1984; Collins 1986; Crenshaw 1989), intersectionality has travelled a long way, becoming a field of study, an analytical strategy, and a critical feminist praxis (Collins 2015, 3).”
BackgroundLim, H., Jung, E., Jodoin, K., Du, X., Airton, L., & Lee, E. (2021) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100808 · Cited by 82
“studying how these systems produce inequalities based on individuals’ social positioning (Collins, 2015; Crenshaw, 1991).”
BackgroundMontoya, C. (2021) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.12905 · Cited by 83
Intersectionality and mixed methods for social context in entrepreneurship
Dy, A. M., & Agwunobi, A. J. (2018) · International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research · doi:10.1108/ijebr-12-2017-0498 · Cited by 75
Hwang, S.-Y., & Beauregard, T. A. (2021) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726721989790 · Cited by 79
“Scholars in the field have argued that social categories be understood in relational terms rather than as isolated units of analysis, and these categories underpin intersecting systems of power such as sexism and racism that create complex social inequalities manifesting as distinctive social experiences for individua…”
BackgroundInfluentialDoctor Knows Best? Provider Bias in the Context of Contraceptive Counseling in the United States.
Mann, E. S., Chen, A. M., & Johnson, C. L. (2021) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2021.11.009 · Cited by 65
Mollett, S. (2017) · Gender Place & Culture · doi:10.1080/0966369x.2017.1277292 · Cited by 74
Metcalf, H. E., Russell, D. G., & Hill, C. (2018) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764218768872 · Cited by 69
“Intersectionality is a well-established contextual framework for examining the complex ways in which multiple systems of oppression deeply intertwine to influence experiences and opportunities (Bowleg, 2012; Cho, Crenshaw, & McCall, 2013; Collins, 2015; Crenshaw, 1989, 1991; Griffin & Museus, 2011; Warner & Shields, 2…”
BackgroundIntersectionality and trauma analysis in bioarchaeology
Mant, M. L., de la Cova, C., & Brickley, M. B. (2021) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.24226 · Cited by 71
“Intersectionality theory recognizes that individuals have multiple dimensions to their social identities (e.g., social race, gender, age, socio-economic status), which overlap and interact to create and preserve societal inequalities and discrimination (Collins, 2015; Crenshaw, 1989).”
InfluentialIntersectionality as Critical Social Theory
Collins, P. H. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316677452.008 · Cited by 65
Self-citationCatalyzing Equity in STEM Teams: Harnessing Generative AI for Inclusion and Diversity
Nixon, N., Lin, Y., & Snow, L. E. (2024) · Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1177/23727322231220356 · Cited by 80
“…systems of power, privilege, and oppression, as well as those shaped by gender, race, ethnicity, sexuality, disability, nationality, class and more, can exacerbate the gap in achievement and experience for marginalized individuals in STEM (Collins, 2015; Crenshaw, 1989; Leibnitz et al., 2022).”
BackgroundTwenty‐first century bioarchaeology: Taking stock and moving forward
Buikstra, J. E., DeWitte, S. N., Agarwal, S. C., Baker, B. J., Bartelink, E. J., Berger, E., Blevins, K. E., Bolhofner, K. L., Boutin, A. T., Brickley, M. B., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Biological Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.24494 · Cited by 75
Tapia, M., Lee, T. L., & Filipovitch, M. (2017) · Journal of Industrial Relations · doi:10.1177/0022185617714817 · Cited by 64
“While there has been a wealth of scholarly work on ‘intersectionality’ within critical race theory, sociology and feminist studies (Collins, 2015; Crenshaw, 1991; Hancock, 2007), scholars within the field of industrial relations have yet to embrace its theoretical and explanatory power.”
BackgroundCulturally Responsive Assessment: Provisional Principles
Walker, M. E., Olivera‐Aguilar, M., Lehman, B., Laitusis, C., Guzman‐Orth, D., & Gholson, M. (2023) · ETS Research Report Series · doi:10.1002/ets2.12374 · Cited by 62
“Students have a range of learning and lived experiences (Ramasubramanian et al., 2021); thus, they may identify at the intersection of multiple characteristics (e.g., gender, race, ethnicity, language, disability, religion; see Beši´c, 2020; Collins, 2015; Crenshaw, 1989, 1991, 2017).”
Espino, M. M., & Zambrana, R. E. (2018) · Review of higher education/The review of higher education · doi:10.1353/rhe.2019.0003 · Cited by 63
Kira, I. A., Shuwiekh, H. A. M., Alhuwailah, A., Ashby, J. S., Sous, M. S. F., Baali, S. B. A., Azdaou, C., Oliemat, E. M., & Jamil, H. J. (2020) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1037/trm0000289 · Cited by 60
Hagai, E. B., Annechino, R., Young, N. M., & Antin, T. M. J. (2020) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12405 · Cited by 74
“…alignment with intersectional feminist theory, we use IPA to examine identity as co-constructed in relation to changing social structures of privilege and disadvantage, as opposed to universalist conceptions of identity (e.g., universal understanding of what it means to be a woman) (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialWhat is intersectional equality? A definition and goal of equality for organizations
Woods, D. R., Benschop, Y., & van den Brink, M. (2021) · Gender Work and Organization · doi:10.1111/gwao.12760 · Cited by 80
The limits of intensive feeding: maternal foodwork at the intersections of race, class, and gender
Brenton, J. (2017) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12547 · Cited by 73
Hurlbert, M., & Rayner, J. (2018) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.06.054 · Cited by 51
Intersectionality and coalitions in social movement research—A survey and outlook
Roth, S. (2021) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.12885 · Cited by 85
“Drawing on Hill Collins (2015), I understand inter- sectionality both as an analytic strategy and a form of critical political practice.”
BackgroundInfluentialFibbi, R., Midtbøen, A. H., & Simon, P. (2021) · IMISCOE research series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67281-2 · Cited by 72
Hajat, A., Andrea, S. B., Oddo, V. M., Winkler, M. R., & Ahonen, E. Q. (2024) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071321-042437 · Cited by 60
Transformative intersectionality: Moving business towards a critical praxis
Steinfield, L. A., Sanghvi, M., Zayer, L. T., Coleman, C. A., Ourahmoune, N., Harrison, R. L., Hein, W., & Brace‐Govan, J. (2019) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.12.031 · Cited by 66
Santos, C. E., & VanDaalen, R. A. (2016) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000170 · Cited by 67
Taylor, D., & Richards, D. (2019) · Frontiers in Sociology · doi:10.3389/fsoc.2019.00043 · Cited by 73
“Intersectionality is an important framework for the examination of experiences of mental health concerns among young Black women and the influences of the associated stigma on their help-seeking behavior (Crenshaw, 1991; Collins, 2000, 2015; Shields, 2008).”
BackgroundEnvironmental migrants and social-movement participation
Koubi, V., Nguyen, Q., Spilker, G., & Böhmelt, T. (2021) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343320972153 · Cited by 59
Are “Intersectionally Fair” AI Algorithms Really Fair to Women of Color? A Philosophical Analysis
Kong, Y. (2022) · 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency · doi:10.1145/3531146.3533114 · Cited by 58
"Maybe this is just not the place for me:" Gender harassment and discrimination in the geosciences
Mattheis, A., Marín-Spiotta, E., Nandihalli, S., Schneider, B. B., & Barnes, R. T. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268562 · Cited by 69
“Rather, all aspects of one’s identity reinforce (and in some cases counteract) complex social inequalities [66].”
BackgroundChicanas/Latinas Advance Intersectional Thought and Practice
Zinn, M. B., & Zambrana, R. E. (2019) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/0891243219853753 · Cited by 62
Mims, L., & Williams, J. L. (2020) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/0743558420913483 · Cited by 73
“Therefore, identity must be explored through a multi-identity perspective that accounts for the interrelations and embeddedness of identities within a system of oppression (Collins, 2015; Crenshaw, 1991; Davis, 2008; Velez & Spencer, 2018).”
BackgroundThe art of body mapping: A methodological guide for social work researchers
Skop, M. (2016) · Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work · doi:10.11157/anzswj-vol28iss4id295 · Cited by 57
Walker, H. M., Culham, A., Fletcher, A. J., & Reed, M. G. (2019) · Journal of Rural Studies · doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.09.012 · Cited by 59
Russell, S. T., Bishop, M. D., & Fish, J. N. (2023) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-030320-032256 · Cited by 68
Light Privilege? Skin Tone Stratification in Health among African Americans
Hargrove, T. W. (2018) · Sociology of Race and Ethnicity · doi:10.1177/2332649218793670 · Cited by 69
“Specifically, intersectionality posits that social inequalities are simultaneous and interdependent—combining in multiplicative rather than additive ways to mutually construct one another and structure unique social contexts that frame lived experiences and life chances (Collins 2015).”
BackgroundThe Problem With Intersectional Stigma and HIV Equity Research
Bowleg, L. (2022) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2022.306729 · Cited by 57
Intersectionality, British criminology and race: Are we there yet?
Parmar, A. (2016) · Theoretical Criminology · doi:10.1177/1362480616677496 · Cited by 61
“Intersectionality is notoriously difficult to pinpoint in definitional terms and its fluidity and dynamism is regarded as both an opportunity and a dilemma in terms of establishing a common language (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundCisneros, J. (2017) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2017.1380988 · Cited by 56
Nygren, A., & Wayessa, G. O. (2018) · Environmental Sociology · doi:10.1080/23251042.2017.1419418 · Cited by 59
“…scholars have emphasised that multiple mechanisms of marginalisation, working simultaneously, affect people differently, depending on an array of social axes of difference, including race, gender, class, age and ethnicity (Collins 2015; Collins and Bilge 2016; Das 2011; Sultana 2015; Weber 2011).”
BackgroundDurán, A., & Jones, S. R. (2019) · Journal of college student development · doi:10.1353/csd.2019.0040 · Cited by 72
“As intersectionality continues to evolve and elude a singular definition (Collins, 2015), a crucial step in using intersectionality in college identity development research involves explicitly TABLE 2.”
BackgroundInfluentialMollett, S. (2020) · Antipode · doi:10.1111/anti.12696 · Cited by 60
Measuring Women's Empowerment in the Global South
Desai, S., Chen, F., Reddy, S., & McLaughlin, A. (2022) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-030420-015018 · Cited by 66
“…has become a theoretical frame for understanding overlapping categories of oppression that compels researchers, policy makers, and activists to locate their work within the relevant layers of social context (see Collins 2015 for more recent theorization on intersectionality).”
Gênero, raça, classe: opressões cruzadas e cconvergências na reprodução das desigualdades
Biroli, F., & Miguel, L. F. (2015) · Mediações Revista de Ciências Sociais · doi:10.5433/2176-6665.2015v20n2p27 · Cited by 55
Erving, C. L., Satcher, L. A., & Chen, Y. (2020) · Sociology of Race and Ethnicity · doi:10.1177/2332649219900284 · Cited by 56
Bowleg, L., English, D., del Río‐González, A. M., Burkholder, G. J., Teti, M., & Tschann, J. M. (2016) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/men0000026 · Cited by 60
“The intersectionality framework posits that social identities are not independent and additive, but multiple and mutually constitutive (Collins, 1991, 2015; Crenshaw, 1991).”
BackgroundSchudde, L. T. (2018) · Review of Research in Education · doi:10.3102/0091732x18759040 · Cited by 61
“…of education, both lenses stand to provide “new angles of vision” to understand how practices, policies, and structures influence social inequality (Collins, 2015). noTES 1Throughout the chapter, I alternate between referring to the exploration of variation in effects as effect heterogeneity and…”
BackgroundInfluentialUndergraduates’ awareness of White and male privilege in STEM
Dancy, M., Rainey, K. D., Stearns, E., Mickelson, R. A., & Möller, S. (2020) · International Journal of STEM Education · doi:10.1186/s40594-020-00250-3 · Cited by 74
“Intersectionality refers to the idea that aspects of one’s identity (e.g., race, gender, class, sexual orientation) are not mutually exclusive but instead interact to construct one’s identity (Collins, 2015; Crenshaw, 1990).”
Background“Unbroken, but Bent”: Gendered Racism in School Leadership
Burton, L., Cyr, D., & Weiner, J. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2020.00052 · Cited by 72
“Intersectionality provides “critical insight” (p. 2) that race, gender, ethnicity and other identities “operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in turn shape complex social inequalities” (Collins, 2015, p. 2).”
BackgroundSimien, E. M., Arinze, N. A., & McGarry, J. E. (2019) · Journal of Women Politics & Policy · doi:10.1080/1554477x.2019.1614865 · Cited by 60
“The framework allows us to attend to the complex nature of these mutually constitutive identities and their resulting inequalities (Collins 2015).”
BackgroundReligious Queer People Beyond Identity Conflict: Lessons from Orthodox LGBT Jews in Israel
Avishai, O. (2020) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.1111/jssr.12650 · Cited by 57
LeQuesne, T. (2018) · Environmental Sociology · doi:10.1080/23251042.2018.1541953 · Cited by 61
“domination, helps us theorize the strategic operationalization of ‘intersectionality as critical praxis’ in social movements (Collins 2015).”
BackgroundProceedings of the Third Workshop on Abusive Language Online
(2019) · doi:10.18653/v1/w19-35 · Cited by 52
Abreu, R. L., Gonzalez, K. A., Mosley, D. V., Pulice-Farrow, L., Adam, A., & Duberli, F. (2020) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2020.1767752 · Cited by 56
“As an analytic tool, intersectionality facilitates the interrogation of these “-isms” as they operate simultaneously (Collins, 2015; Combahee River Collective, 1995/1977; Crenshaw, 1991), and provides a critical analysis of the experiences of Latina transgender women who are impacted by…”
BackgroundMethodAgénor, M., Geffen, S. R., Zubizarreta, D., Jones, R., Giraldo, S., McGuirk, A., Caballero, M., & Gordon, A. R. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-022-07729-5 · Cited by 59
Introduction: Bringing Intersectionality to Public Policy
Hankivsky, O., & Jordan‐Zachery, J. S. (2019) · The Politics of Intersectionality · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-98473-5_1 · Cited by 59
Simone de Beauvoir, Women's Oppression and Existential Freedom
Collins, P. H. (2017) · doi:10.1002/9781118795996.ch26 · Cited by 51
Self-citationCalderón‐Jaramillo, M., Parra-Romero, D., Martínez, L. J. F., Royo, M., & Rivillas, J. C. (2020) · Journal of Migration and Health · doi:10.1016/j.jmh.2020.100003 · Cited by 63
“From an intersecional approach, inequalities in SRH are amplified due to gender roles, isability, race and social class ( Crenshaw, 1991 ; Hill Collins, 2015 ).”
BackgroundUnpacking intersectional solidarity: dimensions of power in coalitions
Ciccia, R., & Roggeband, C. (2021) · European Journal of Politics and Gender · doi:10.1332/251510821x16145402377609 · Cited by 63
“…in the critique of black feminist activists of the tendency of mainstream feminist organisations to assume a unitary notion of women that suppresses identities and issues that lie at the intersection of gender and race (Combahee River Collective, 1977; hooks, 1986; Crenshaw, 1991; Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundMcDermott, M., & Ferguson, A. (2022) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-083121-054338 · Cited by 51
Contextualizing privilege and disadvantage: Lessons from women expatriates in the Middle East
Rodríguez, J. K., & Ridgway, M. (2018) · Organization · doi:10.1177/1350508418812580 · Cited by 55
“…notion of expatriates as an ‘elite’ is one dimension of complex dynamics that bring together advantage and disadvantage resulting from the combined influence of structural, disciplinary, hegemonic and interpersonal domains (Acker, 1990, 2012; Collins, 2015; Holvino, 2010; Rodriguez et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMcCall, C., Shew, A., Simmons, D. R., Paretti, M., & McNair, L. (2020) · Australasian journal of engineering education · doi:10.1080/22054952.2020.1720434 · Cited by 49
“that of being a woman or that of being African-American) (Collins 2015; Crenshaw 1989).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Practice and Science of Social Good: Emerging Paths to Positive Social Impact
Barak, M. E. M. (2018) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731517745600 · Cited by 50
“While diversity includes typical dimensions such as gender, race, ethnicity, social class, and identity categories that are specific and meaningful to a particular culture or community, an important dimension of inclusion is intersectionality, the idea that multiple identities, such as race, gender and social class, i…”
BackgroundToward a New Political Praxis for Trumpamerica: New Directions in Critical Race Theory
Bonilla‐Silva, E. (2019) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764219842614 · Cited by 50
“However, as Collins (2015) argues we need more theoretical work in this area.”
BackgroundCeron‐Anaya, H. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190931605.001.0001 · Cited by 48
Metadata
- Authors
- Collins, P. H.
- Affiliations
- Department of Sociology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-1315;
- Venue
- Annual Review of Sociology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2015-08-14
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-20
- ISSN
- 0360-0572 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2115
- OpenAlex
- W2148974647
- Semantic Scholar
- 48116d925a63de9e9dd793450a6ed59d51767d35
- Cited by
- 2,419
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 254 · 2025: 320 · 2024: 325 · 2023: 295 · 2022: 287 · 2021: 240 · 2020: 211 · 2019: 220 · 2018: 130 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 9
- FWCI
- 28.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Sociology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Feminist Theory and Gender Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Health, and Social Inequality
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
- Keywords
- intersectionality, power relations, social inequality, race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, disability, age, critical praxis, social justice, knowledge production
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