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THE GALACTIC CENTER ENVIRONMENT
Abstract
▪ Abstract The central half kiloparsec region of our Galaxy harbors a variety of phenomena unique to the central environment. This review discusses the observed structure and activity of the interstellar medium in this region in terms of its inevitable inflow toward the center of the Galactic gravitational potential well. A number of dissipative processes lead to a strong concentration of gas into a “Central Molecular Zone” of about 200-pc radius, in which the molecular medium is characterized by large densities, large velocity dispersions, high temperatures, and apparently strong magnetic fields. The physical state of the gas and the resultant star formation processes occurring in this environment are therefore quite unlike those occurring in the large-scale disk. Gas not consumed by star formation either enters a hot X ray–emitting halo and is lost as a thermally driven galactic wind or continues moving inward, probably discontinuously, through the domain of the few parsec-sized circumnuclear disks and eventually into the central parsec. There, the central radio source SgrA*currently accepts only a tiny fraction of the inflowing material, likely as a result of a limit cycle wherein the continual inflow of matter provokes star formation, which in turn can temporarily halt the inflow via mass-outflow winds.
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“The CMZ is a disk-like region of dense ( ≳ 10 3 cm -3 ) gas within + 1 . 7 ◦ ≲ l ≲ -1 ◦ ( R ≃ 200 pc, assuming a Galactocentric radii of 8 . 5 kpc), | b | ≲ 0 . 5 ◦ ( H ≃ 75 pc), and | v rot | ≲ 150 km s -1 (Panel a of Fig 8; Sofue 1995; Morris & Serabyn 1996; Molinari et al. 2011; Henshaw et al. 2016, 2022; Sormani et al. 2022).”
From The Fermi/eROSITA bubbles: a look into the nuclear outflow from the Milky Way (2024) · cites this paper as Morris & Serabyn 1996
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Heard, V., & Warwick, R. S. (2012) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sts284 · Cited by 33
One of the most massive stars in the Galaxy may have formed in isolation
Oskinova, L. M., Steinke, M., Hamann, W. ‐., Sander, A. A. C., Todt, H., & Liermann, A. (2013) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1817 · Cited by 33
Fe Kα line emission from the Arches cluster region – evidence for ongoing particle bombardment?
Capelli, R., Warwick, R., Porquet, D., Gillessen, S., & Predehl, P. (2011) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116574 · Cited by 28
On the metallicity distribution of classical Cepheids in the Galactic inner disk
Genovali, K., Lemasle, B., Bono, G., Romaniello, M., Primas, F., Fabrizio, M., Buonanno, R., François, P., Inno, L., Laney, C. D., et al. (2013) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321650/pdf · Cited by 33
Early-stage Massive Star Formation near the Galactic Centre: Sgr C
Kendrew, S., Ginsburg, A. G., Johnston, K., Beuther, H., Bally, J., Cyganowski, C. J., & Battersby, C. (2013) · White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 33
H2O and SiO maser emission in Galactic center OH/IR stars
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Sjouwerman, L. O., & Pihlström, Y. M. (2008) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/588753 · Cited by 33
Habibi, M., Stolte, A., & Harfst, S. (2014) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201323030/pdf · Cited by 33
Suzaku Spectroscopic Study of Hard X-Ray Emission in the Arches Cluster
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A Detailed Observational Study of Molecular Loops 1 and 2 in the Galactic CenterPreprint
Torii, K., Kudo, N., Fujishita, M., Kawase, T., Yamamoto, H., Kawamura, A., Mizuno, N., Onishi, T., Mizuno, A., Machida, M., et al. (2009) · Cited by 33
LOWERING ICECUBE'S ENERGY THRESHOLD FOR POINT SOURCE SEARCHES IN THE SOUTHERN SKY
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3D CMZ. I. Central Molecular Zone Overview
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The Central Molecular Zone in H13CO+ and thermal SiO emission lines
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Gamma rays from the Galactic Centre region: A review
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Mollá, M., Ferrini, F., & Gozzi, G. (2000) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03497.x · Cited by 32
Hsieh, P.-Y., Koch, P. M., Kim, W.-T., Ho, P. T. P., Tang, Y.-W., & Wang, H.-H. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aacb27 · Cited by 33
Two-phase model for black hole feeding and feedback
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Monitoring dusty sources in the vicinity of Sagittarius A*
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The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Microwave Intensity and Polarization Maps of the Galactic Center
Guan, Y., Clark, S. E., Hensley, B. S., Gallardo, P. A., Næss, S., Duell, C. J., Aiola, S., Atkins, Z., Calabrese, E., Choi, S. K., et al. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac133f · Cited by 32
Odin observations of H2O in the Galactic Centre
Sandqvist, A., Bergman, P., Black, J. H., Booth, R. S., Buat, V., Curry, C. L., Encrenaz, P., Falgarone, E. G., Feldman, P., Fich, M., et al. (2003) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030341 · Cited by 31
The velocity field of ionized gas near Sgr A$^{\ast}$
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MASSIVE STAR FORMATION OF THE SGR A EAST H II REGIONS NEAR THE GALACTIC CENTER
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THE COSMIC-RAY POPULATION OF THE GALACTIC CENTRAL MOLECULAR ZONE
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A Low-Frequency Survey of the Galactic Plane nearl=11: Discovery of Three New Supernova Remnants
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Burke, B. F., Smith, F. G., & Wilkinson, P. N. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316987506.012 · Cited by 32
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HIGH ATOMIC CARBON ABUNDANCE IN MOLECULAR CLOUDS IN THE GALACTIC CENTER REGION
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Chemical evolution of the Galactic Centre
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Titarchuk, L., & Chardonnet, P. (2006) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/499394 · Cited by 29
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The ATCA HI Galactic Center SurveyPreprint
McClure‐Griffiths, N. M., Dickey, J. M., Gaensler, B. M., Green, A. J., Green, J. A., & Haverkorn, M. (2012) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1201.2438 · Cited by 29
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Self-citationIONIZED GAS IN THE GALACTIC CENTER: NEW OBSERVATIONS AND INTERPRETATION
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A KMOS survey of the nuclear disk of the Milky Way
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Multiscale magnetic fields in the central molecular zone: inference from the gradient technique
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Metadata
- Authors
- Morris, M., & Serabyn, E.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 1996-09
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 645-701
- ISSN
- 0066-4146 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4282
- OpenAlex
- W2127604531
- Cited by
- 930
- References
- 344
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 1.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Keywords
- Galactic Center, interstellar medium, Central Molecular Zone, gas inflow, molecular gas, velocity dispersion, magnetic field, star formation, galactic winds, circumnuclear disk, Sgr A*, supermassive black holes
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