Eukaryotic DNA Polymerases
Abstract
▪ Abstract Any living cell is faced with the fundamental task of keeping the genome intact in order to develop in an organized manner, to function in a complex environment, to divide at the right time, and to die when it is appropriate. To achieve this goal, an efficient machinery is required to maintain the genetic information encoded in DNA during cell division, DNA repair, DNA recombination, and the bypassing of damage in DNA. DNA polymerases (pols) α, β, γ, δ, and ϵ are the key enzymes required to maintain the integrity of the genome under all these circumstances. In the last few years the number of known pols, including terminal transferase and telomerase, has increased to at least 19. A particular pol might have more than one functional task in a cell and a particular DNA synthetic event may require more than one pol, which suggests that nature has provided various safety mechanisms. This multi-functional feature is especially valid for the variety of novel pols identified in the last three years. These are the lesion-replicating enzymes pol ζ, pol η, pol ι, pol κ, and Rev1, and a group of pols called pol θ, pol λ, pol μ, pol σ, and pol φ that fulfill a variety of other tasks.
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Cells harbor multiple DNA polymerases, many of which have only been discovered in the past 5 years and whose cellular functions are not fully understood.
“To perform these tasks, cells harbor multiple DNA polymerases (2,3), many of which have only been discovered in the past 5 years and whose cellular functions are not fully understood.”
From DNA Replication Fidelity (2004) · cites this paper as [2]
Although many template-dependent human polymerases lack intrinsic proofreading activity, it is possible that dissociation from DNA after misinsertion may allow proofreading by the exonuclease activity intrinsic to another replication or repair protein, such as Pol δ, Pol ε, or apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease.
“Although many (e.g. at least 10 of 15 template-dependent human) polymerases lack intrinsic proofreading activity (2, 3), it is possible that dissociation from DNA after misinsertion may allow proofreading by the exonuclease activity intrinsic to another replication or repair protein, such as Pol ␦, Pol ⑀, or apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (50).”
From DNA Replication Fidelity (2004) · cites this paper as [2]
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Loss of DNA Polymerase ζ Causes Chromosomal Instability in Mammalian Cells
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Probing the active site tightness of DNA polymerase in subangstrom increments
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The translesion DNA polymerase θ plays a dominant role in immunoglobulin gene somatic hypermutation
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TopBP1 and DNA polymerase-α directly recruit the 9-1-1 complex to stalled DNA replication forks
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- Authors
- Hübscher, U., Maga, G., & Spadari, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- ORCID
- Maga, Giovanni
- Venue
- Annual Review of Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2002-06
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 133-163
- ISSN
- 0066-4154 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4509
- OpenAlex
- W2163221081
- Cited by
- 691
- References
- 164
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 47
- FWCI
- 4.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- eukaryotic DNA polymerases, genome stability, DNA replication, DNA repair, DNA recombination, DNA damage bypass, Pol eta, Rev1, telomerase, terminal transferase
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Binding Sites, DNA, DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase, DNA Repair, DNA Replication, DNA-Binding Proteins, Humans, Models, Molecular, Recombination, Genetic, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen, Telomerase, Protein Subunits, Replication Protein C
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