Cited by 821Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChild Therapy and Development

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Anxiety Disorders During Childhood and Adolescence: Origins and Treatment

Rapee, Ronald M., Schniering, Carolyn A., Hudson, Jennifer L.·2009·Annual Review of Clinical Psychology

DOI 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153628

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Abstract

The present review summarizes our current knowledge of the development and management of anxiety in children and adolescents. Consideration is given to limitations of this knowledge and directions for future research. The review begins with coverage of the development and demographic correlates of anxiety in young people and then moves to systematic discussion of some of the key etiological factors, including genetics, temperament, parenting, and individual experiences. The second part of the review describes current treatment strategies and efficacy as well as factors thought to influence treatment outcome, including treatment features, child factors, and parent factors. The review concludes with brief coverage of some more recent developments in treatment including alternative models of delivery and prevention strategies.

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Αντιληπτές γονικές πρακτικές και εσωτερικευμένα συμπτώματα στα παιδιά: ο ρόλος της θυματοποίησης και της ιδιοσυγκρασίας του αρνητικού συναισθήματος μέσα από μοντέλα διαμεσολάβησης και ρύθμισης
Ioannidou, L. M., & Γεωργίου, Σ. Ν. (2021) · Psychology the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society · doi:10.12681/psy_hps.27037 · Cited by 4
Anxiety Disorders
Davis, T. E., Castagna, P. J., Shaheen, G. L., & Reuther, E. T. (2017) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64592-6_16 · Cited by 3
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for children with anxiety in Japan: Bidirectional cultural adaptation and cross-cultural comparison studies
Ishikawa, S. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85757-4.00017-1 · Cited by 3
Using Stories to Prevent Anxiety Disorders in a School Context: Dominique’s Handy Tricks Program
Gervais, J., Bouchard, S., & Gagnier, N. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/20863 · Cited by 3
“Several studies have highlighted the significant consequences of anxiety disorders in children (Donovan & Spence 2000; Rapee et al., 2009; Merikangas et al., 2009).”
Background
Evaluating the Role of Environmental Stressors and Sensitive Parenting on the Emergence of Behavior Problems during Early Childhood
Sapotichne, B. (2012) · ScholarWorks @ The University of New Orleans (The University of New Orleans) · Cited by 3
The Effectiveness of Parent Management Training Compared With Drug Therapy on Reducing Anxiety in Preschool Children
Ebrahimzade, K., Agashteh, M., & Berenjkar, A. (2017) · Parastārī-i kūdakān · doi:10.21859/jpen-03046 · Cited by 3
Parenting Practices, Victimization, and Negative Affectivity in Child Internalizing Symptoms: Moderated-Mediation Models
Ioannidou, L. M., & Zafiropoulou, M. (2021) · International Journal of Developmental Science · doi:10.3233/dev-210308 · Cited by 4
“The growth and development of internalizing symptoms in children affect their functionality in various areas of their lives, such as school and social relationships (Buchanan-Pascall et al., 2018; Cosma et al., 2018; Rapee et al., 2009).”
Acceptability and Feasibility of Stepped-Care for Anxious Adolescents in Community Mental Health Services: A Secondary Analysis
Wuthrich, V. M., Rapee, R. M., McLellan, L. F., Wignall, A., Jagiello, T., Norberg, M. M., & Belcher, J. (2021) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-021-01291-7 · Cited by 3
“Anxiety disorders are common mental disorders that affect up to 10% of adolescents, are associated with poor academic, social and family outcomes, and the development of depression, substance use, and other mental health disorders [2].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Anxiety
Craske, M. G., & Stein, M. B. (2017) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.15203 · Cited by 4
Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale—Parent Version: Spanish Validation (SAAS-P: Spanish Validation)
Orenes, A., García-Fernández, J. M., & Méndez, X. (2019) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-019-00885-6 · Cited by 3
An ecological investigation of contextual factors and cognitions that impact parental responsivity for low-income mothers of preschool-age children
Aranda, C. L. (2013) · Scholars' Bank (University of Oregon) · Cited by 3
Anxiety Prevention in School Children and Adolescents: The FRIENDS Program
Iizuka, C. A., Barrett, P. M., & Morris, K. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118315088.ch22 · Cited by 3
Anxiety Disorder in Youth: Separation Anxiety, Social Anxiety, and Generalized Anxiety Disorders
Hughes, M. E., Mohatt, J. W., Bennett, S. M., & Walkup, J. T. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118753378.ch53 · Cited by 3
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Gibb, J. (2014) · IOE EPrints · Cited by 3
Parenting Influences on Development and Psychopathology
Hawes, D. J. (2017) · doi:10.1002/9781118554470.ch14 · Cited by 3
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Puleo, C. M., Settipani, C. A., Crawley, S. A., Beidas, R. S., & Kendall, P. C. (2011) · Encyclopedia of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-373951-3.00099-5 · Cited by 2
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Park, J. M., & Geller, D. A. (2014) · F1000Prime Reports · doi:10.12703/p6-30 · Cited by 2
“While CBT and SSRIs are considered first-line treatment for youth with anxiety, up to 50% continue to meet criteria for anxiety disorder after treatment [1,2,11].”
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Pharmacotherapy and cognitive bias modification for the treatment of anxiety disorders
Kong, Q., & Han, B. (2024) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2024.2334847 · Cited by 2
“However, its applicability to children and adolescents with anxiety disorders is controversial, and data on its time and cost efficiencies are lacking [53,58].”
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Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine in Mood Disorders
Archer, T., Ricci, S., & Ricciardi, M. R. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-81-322-1184-6_16 · Cited by 2
Mother-child disagreements on child anxiety: associated factors
Giuseppone, K. R., & Brumariu, L. E. (2017) · Journal of Children s Services · doi:10.1108/jcs-11-2016-0021 · Cited by 2
Barriers to remission from child and adolescent anxiety disorders following extensive treatment: An exploratory study
Farraway, S., Wuthrich, V. M., Lyneham, H. J., Hudson, J. L., Kangas, M., Chatterton, M. L., Mihalopoulos, C., & Rapee, R. M. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2021.12.002 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Acceptability and Outcomes of the Cool Little Kids Parenting Group Program for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Families Within an Australian Population-Based Study
Kha, J., Rapee, R. M., & Bayer, J. K. (2022) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-021-01293-5 · Cited by 2
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Angststörungen
Domschke, K., Kapfhammer, H., & Deckert, J. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45028-0_69-1 · Cited by 3
Neurostructural correlates of trait authenticity: Increased surface area in the left precuneus and decreased volume in the left amygdala
Song, L.-L., Zheng, J.-W., Li, F.-H., Zhou, Y.-Y., Li, H., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2023.112193 · Cited by 2
Evaluación del autoconcepto y las habilidades sociales de docentes en formación
Gil-Gómez, J., Sánchez‐Tarazaga, L., Ribés, A. S., & Puig, M. M. (2023) · REOP - Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía · doi:10.5944/reop.vol.34.num.1.2023.37404 · Cited by 2
Understanding Selective Mutism: A Comprehensive Guide to Assessment and Treatment
Milić, M. I., Carl, T., & Rapee, R. M. (2023) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-24926-6_51 · Cited by 2
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Evaluating the long-term effects of cognitive behavioural therapy as an early intervention for at-risk anxiety disorders among preschool children in Asia
Takahashi, T., Ishikawa, S., Aiboshi, T., & Miyauchi, M. (2023) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/13591045231194104 · Cited by 3
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Multimodal Markers of Transdiagnostic Childhood Mental Health Impairment
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Spanish validation of the Parent version of the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS-P) in a clinical sample
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Authors: Rapee, R. M., Schniering, C. A., & Hudson, J. L.
Affiliations: Macquarie University (AU)
ORCID: Rapee, Ronald M.
Schniering, Carolyn A.
Hudson, Jennifer L.
Venue: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2009-04-01
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Pages: 311-341
ISSN: 1548-5943 (ISSN-L)
1548-5951
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153628
OpenAlex: W2167192006
Cited by: 821
References: 223
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 71 · 2014: 79 · 2013: 64 · 2012: 54
FWCI: 5.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Therapy and Development
Keywords: childhood anxiety, adolescent anxiety, anxiety disorders, causes of anxiety, temperament, parenting, treatment outcomes, treatment efficacy, prevention
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Bibliotherapy, Child, Humans, Life Change Events, Parent-Child Relations, Risk Factors, Temperament, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Parenting, Treatment Outcome, Genetic Predisposition to Disease

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Anxiety Disorders During Childhood and Adolescence: Origins and Treatment

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