The DOI matches its Crossref record; 227 of the 227 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Anxiety Disorders During Childhood and Adolescence: Origins and Treatment
Abstract
The present review summarizes our current knowledge of the development and management of anxiety in children and adolescents. Consideration is given to limitations of this knowledge and directions for future research. The review begins with coverage of the development and demographic correlates of anxiety in young people and then moves to systematic discussion of some of the key etiological factors, including genetics, temperament, parenting, and individual experiences. The second part of the review describes current treatment strategies and efficacy as well as factors thought to influence treatment outcome, including treatment features, child factors, and parent factors. The review concludes with brief coverage of some more recent developments in treatment including alternative models of delivery and prevention strategies.
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“Although it was once believed that rates of SAD peak in adolescence, prospective longitudinal studies are mixed in this regard and reveal elevation across both childhood and adolescence [38].”
In the citing paper
“have a major impact on their academic, social, and family functioning (Rapee et al., 2009 )”
From Child- and Parent-Report Measures of Behavioral Avoidance (CAMS/CAMP): Portuguese Validation in Clinical and Non-Clinical Samples. (2024) · cites this paper as Rapee et al., 2009
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Cites
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Yang, Q., & Wang, Y. (2026) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1002/ejsc.70124
“At present, studies have proven that there is a close relationship between anxiety and behavioral inhibition guided by negative physical sensations and experiential avoidance, and behavioral inhibition is the strongest predictor of anxiety (Rapee et al. 2009).”
Development of Mental Health Digital Reference Tools for Pediatric Primary Care (Preprint)Preprint
Cherian, J., Halvorson-Phelan, J., Bradshaw, C., Loftness, B. C., Berman, I., Potts, E., Hidalgo, J. E., Burr, M., McGinnis, R. S., & McGinnis, E. W. (2026) · doi:10.2196/preprints.98563
Coneo, A. M. C., Solano, P. E. P., & Correa, A. D. C. (2026) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-026-01090-9
“This points to the potential role of sociocultural and economic stressors in shaping childhood anxiety, consistent with research on the role of attachment-related processes in anxiety [16, 26, 36, 37].”
InfluentialFeldman, R., Schwartz, L., Shilo, C., Hayut, O., Apter-Levy, Y., Shimon-Raz, O., & Peleg, I. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9335839/v1
Angst- oder furchtbezogene Störungen
Domschke, K., & Zwanzger, P. (2026) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45028-0_69-2
Yarrington, J. S., Merikangas, K. R., Burstein, M., & Schmitz, A. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-45863-7.00091-3
Estructura factorial y propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario IMAGEN en adolescentes mexicanos.
Ornelas, L. H. B., Rubio, R. J. F., Enríquez, S. I. R., Pinto, N. S., González, J. R. M., & Luján, J. C. B. (2026) · Revista Mexicana de Ciencias de la Cultura Física · doi:10.54167/rmccf.v6i12.2246
Megari, K., & Genova, K. D. (2026) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports · doi:10.1002/pcn5.70387
“76 83 It plays a crucial role in changing patterns of overgeneralizing negative experiences and fostering healthier, more balanced perspectives on traumatic events.”
Gutzweiler, R., In‐Albon, T., & Knappe, S. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-21372-4.00035-4
Barrass, L., Farooq, B., Riglin, L., Weavers, B., Soares, A. G., Jones, H., Penton‐Voak, I. S., Tovo‐Rodrigues, L., Santos, I. S., Lee, N. R., et al. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.09.07.26362409
Frederiksen, M. R., Støy, K., & Matarić, M. J. (2026) · Frontiers in Robotics and AI · doi:10.3389/frobt.2026.1810778
“Traditional therapeutic approaches, including cognitive-behavioral strategies, can be highly effective, but they often require instruction, repeated practice, and support before children can use them independently in difficult moments (Kendall and Hedtke, 2006; Oar et al., 2017; Rapee et al., 2009).”
Baroud, E., Hayek, S. E., Kahil, K., & Shamseddeen, W. (2026) · Middle East Current Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s43045-026-00670-x
“Parental factors are major risk factors for subsequent development of childhood anxiety and depressive disorders ([47]; R. M. Rapee et al., [108], Wood, [135] More specifically, inter-parental conflict and aversiveness have rigorous evidence for an association with increased risk of depression and…”
Cherian, J., Halvorson-Phelan, J., Bradshaw, C., Loftness, B. C., Berman, I., Potts, E., Hidalgo, J. E., Burr, M., McGinnis, R. S., & McGinnis, E. W. (2026) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/98563
Özcan, A., & Oral, T. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16101870
“During early childhood, elevated anxiety and withdrawal may be reflected in difficulties with emotional adjustment, social engagement, and participation in everyday activities (Rapee et al., 2009).”
The effects of a computerized anxiety intervention program on rural elementary school children
Shimek, A. M. (2012) · Digital Commons - George Fox University (George Fox University)
Rivera, B., & Luisa, M. (2015)
Pass, L. (2013) · UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)
Don't worry....be happy: The Influence of Parental Anxiety on Adolescent Self-Esteem
Coutts, H. O. (2012) · ScholarsArchive (Brigham Young University)
Metadata
- Authors
- Rapee, R. M., Schniering, C. A., & Hudson, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Macquarie University (AU)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2009-04-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 311-341
- ISSN
- 1548-5943 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-5951
- OpenAlex
- W2167192006
- Cited by
- 821
- References
- 223
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 71 · 2014: 79 · 2013: 64 · 2012: 54
- FWCI
- 5.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Therapy and Development
- Keywords
- childhood anxiety, adolescent anxiety, anxiety disorders, causes of anxiety, temperament, parenting, treatment outcomes, treatment efficacy, prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Bibliotherapy, Child, Humans, Life Change Events, Parent-Child Relations, Risk Factors, Temperament, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Parenting, Treatment Outcome, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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