The DOI matches its Crossref record; 227 of the 227 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Anxiety Disorders During Childhood and Adolescence: Origins and Treatment
Abstract
The present review summarizes our current knowledge of the development and management of anxiety in children and adolescents. Consideration is given to limitations of this knowledge and directions for future research. The review begins with coverage of the development and demographic correlates of anxiety in young people and then moves to systematic discussion of some of the key etiological factors, including genetics, temperament, parenting, and individual experiences. The second part of the review describes current treatment strategies and efficacy as well as factors thought to influence treatment outcome, including treatment features, child factors, and parent factors. The review concludes with brief coverage of some more recent developments in treatment including alternative models of delivery and prevention strategies.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Although it was once believed that rates of SAD peak in adolescence, prospective longitudinal studies are mixed in this regard and reveal elevation across both childhood and adolescence [38].”
In the citing paper
“have a major impact on their academic, social, and family functioning (Rapee et al., 2009 )”
From Child- and Parent-Report Measures of Behavioral Avoidance (CAMS/CAMP): Portuguese Validation in Clinical and Non-Clinical Samples. (2024) · cites this paper as Rapee et al., 2009
Citations
Cites
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593 · Cited by 20,391
Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.100.3.316 · Cited by 4,601
Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence
Costello, E. J., Mustillo, S., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G., & Angold, A. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.8.837 · Cited by 4,035
Hankin, B. L., Abramson, L. Y., Moffitt, T. E., Silva, P. A., McGee, R., & Angell, K. E. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.107.1.128 · Cited by 2,333
Gartstein, M. A., & Desmarais, E. (2016) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781483340333.n409 · Cited by 2,185
Angold, A., Costello, E. J., & Erkanli, A. (1999) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00424 · Cited by 1,872
Pine, D. S., Cohen, P., Gurley, D., Brook, J., & Ma, Y. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.1.56 · Cited by 1,753
SHAFFER, D., FISHER, P., DULCAN, M. K., DAVIES, M., PIACENTINI, J., SCHWAB-STONE, M. E., LAHEY, B. B., BOURDON, K., JENSEN, P. S., BIRD, H. R., et al. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199607000-00012 · Cited by 1,587
A Review and Meta-Analysis of the Genetic Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders
Hettema, J. M., Neale, M. C., & Kendler, K. S. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.10.1568 · Cited by 1,563
Lewinsohn, P. M., Hops, H., Roberts, R. E., Seeley, J. R., & Andrews, J. A. (1993) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.102.1.133 · Cited by 1,547
Research works printed but not linked: 15
- 10.1037//0022-006X.64.2.333 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037//0022-006X.69.4.597 · DOI
- Berman S, 2000, J. Consult. Clin. Psychol., 64, 333
- 10.1037//0033-2909.124.1.3 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037//0021-843X.100.3.316 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037//0022-006X.67.1.145 · DOI
- Engfer A, 1993, Social Withdrawal, Inhibition, and Shyness in Children, 49
- James A, 2005, Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 4, 1
- 10.1037//0022-006X.66.1.19 · DOI
- 10.1037//0022-006X.62.1.100 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037//0022-006X.65.3.366 · DOI · Paper page
- Kendall PC, 2006, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxious Children: Therapist Manual
- 10.1037//0022-006X.60.6.904 · DOI
- Rapee RM, 2006, The Cool Kids® Child and Adolescent Anxiety Program Therapist Manual
- 10.1080/016502596385532 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 819
Esbjørn, B. H., Hoeyer, M., Dyrborg, J., Leth, I., & Kendall, P. C. (2010) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.06.009 · Cited by 72
“, CBT for the anxiety disorder (Rapee et al., 2009).”
Roughan, L. A., & Hadwin, J. A. (2011) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2011.07.011 · Cited by 71
Hudson, J. L., Lester, K. J., Lewis, C. M., Tropeano, M., Creswell, C., Collier, D. A., Cooper, P., Lyneham, H. J., Morris, T. M., Rapee, R. M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12092 · Cited by 71
“The majority of studies comparing treatment outcome for girls and boys have shown that gender does not moderate treatment outcome (Rapee et al., 2009).”
BackgroundSelf-citationBayer, J. K., Rapee, R. M., Hiscock, H., Ukoumunne, O. C., Mihalopoulos, C., Clifford, S. A., & Wake, M. A. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-11 · Cited by 70
“Additional known risks are harsh and overprotective parenting, and parent internalising problems [9,10,34-39].”
BackgroundSelf-citationColonnesi, C., Napoleone, E., & Bögels, S. M. (2014) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0035561 · Cited by 73
Cheesman, R., Eilertsen, E. M., Ahmadzadeh, Y. I., Gjerde, L. C., Hannigan, L. J., Havdahl, A., Young, A. I., Eley, T. C., Njølstad, P. R., Magnus, P. M., et al. (2020) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01760-1 · Cited by 68
Heritability of Anxious-Depressive and Withdrawn Behavior
Lamb, D. J., Middeldorp, C. M., van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., Bartels, M., van der Aa, N., Polderman, T. J. C., & Boomsma, D. I. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2009.11.014 · Cited by 69
“However, the contribution of shared environmental factors is limited to childhood.(4,13-18) Studies performed of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents, however, have not yielded consistent results.”
InfluentialMcGinnis, R. S., McGinnis, E. W., Hruschak, J. L., Lopez‐Duran, N. L., Fitzgerald, K. D., Rosenblum, K. L., & Muzik, M. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210267 · Cited by 71
Early Childhood Predictors of Anxiety in Early Adolescence
Hudson, J. L., Murayama, K., Meteyard, L., Morris, T. M., & Dodd, H. F. (2018) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-018-0495-6 · Cited by 81
Self-citationFathering in Australia among couple families with young childrenPreprint
Baxter, J., & Smart, D. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · Cited by 67
Selective Mutism and Its Relations to Social Anxiety Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Muris, P., & Ollendick, T. H. (2021) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-020-00342-0 · Cited by 81
Tariq, A., Quayle, E., Lawrie, S. M., Reid, C. L., & Chan, S. W. Y. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.031 · Cited by 66
Stone, L. B., Mennies, R. J., Waller, J. M., Ladouceur, C. D., Forbes, E. E., Ryan, N. D., Dahl, R. E., & Silk, J. S. (2018) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-018-0454-2 · Cited by 74
“plicated in etiological models of childhood anxiety (Alden and Taylor 2004; Chorpita et al. 1998; Rapee et al. 2009).”
BackgroundThe impact of parent-only interventions on child anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Jewell, C., Wittkowski, A., & Pratt, D. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.082 · Cited by 77
Waters, A. M., Farrell, L. J., Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J., Oar, E. L., Tiralongo, E., Donovan, C. L., McConnell, H. W., Bradley, B. P., Mogg, K., & Ollendick, T. H. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.07.020 · Cited by 68
Hadwin, J. A., & Richards, H. J. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00047 · Cited by 75
“ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 02 February 2016 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00047 Edited by: Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Reviewed by: Elske Salemink, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands Alexandre Luiz De Oliveira Serpa, São Francisco University, Brazil Giuliano Emere…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSocial anxiety in pre-adolescent children: What do we know about maintenance?
Halldorsson, B., & Creswell, C. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.08.013 · Cited by 64
“…interventions for at-risk individuals (see e.g. Rapee, Kennedy, Ingram, Edwards, & Sweeney, 2005; Rapee, Kennedy, Ingram, Edwards, & Sweeney, 2010; Rapee, Schniering, & Hudson, 2009) they are less helpful when it comes to identifying what keeps the problem going once it has developed, and, as…”
Efficacy of a Danish version of the cool kids program: a randomized wait-list controlled trial
Arendt, K., Thastum, M., & Hougaard, E. (2016) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12448 · Cited by 64
“The treatment of different anxiety disorders in the same program may facilitate its practical utility due to the high degree of comorbidity among anxiety disorders (40–60%) (17), and in most clinical settings treating youths with anxiety disorders, it may be easier to form diagnostically mixed groups rather than homog…”
BackgroundEarly stuttering, temperament and anxiety: Two hypotheses
Kefalianos, E., Onslow, M., Block, S., Menzies, R. G., & Reilly, S. (2012) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2012.03.002 · Cited by 64
“Additionally, there is evidence to suggest that anxiety disorders are hereditary (Ehringer, Rhee, Young, Corley, & Hewitt, 2006; Hettema, Neale, & Kendler, 2001; Last, Hersen, Kazdin, Francis, & Grubb, 1987; Lieb et al., 2000; Rapee et al., 2009; Stevenson, Batten, & Cherner, 1992; Thapar & McGuffin, 1995; Topolski et…”
BackgroundInfluentialSocial anxiety in childhood: Bridging developmental and clinical perspectives
Gazelle, H., & Rubin, K. H. (2010) · New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development · doi:10.1002/cd.259 · Cited by 64
Prevention of Mental Health Difficulties for Children Aged 0–3 Years: A Review
Izett, E., Rooney, R. M., Prescott, S. L., Palma, M. D., & McDevitt, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.500361 · Cited by 74
Rapee, R. M., Kim, J., Wang, J., Liu, X., Hofmann, S. G., Chen, J., Oh, K. Y., Bögels, S. M., Arman, S., Heinrichs, N., et al. (2011) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2010.11.004 · Cited by 62
Self-citationNeurotrophic gene polymorphisms and response to psychological therapy
Lester, K. J., Hudson, J. L., Tropeano, M., Creswell, C., Collier, D. A., FARMER, A. E., Lyneham, H. J., Rapee, R. M., & Eley, T. C. (2012) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2012.33 · Cited by 63
“The most convincing predictors are increased symptom severity, 10 parental psycho-pathology 11,12 and comorbid mood disorders.”
Self-citationLowther, H., & Newman, E. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.06.051 · Cited by 61
“Within early life, anxiety related problems are the most frequent of psychiatric disorders, occurring in 2% to 15% of all children and adolescents (Rapee et al., 2009).”
BackgroundWaszczuk, M. A., Zavos, H. M. S., Gregory, A. M., & Eley, T. C. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715001634 · Cited by 60
“This has generally not been replicated in older twins, possibly because shared environmental in fl uences play a diminishing role in adolescence and adulthood (Rapee et al. 2009).”
BackgroundPuka, K., Widjaja, E., & Smith, M. L. (2017) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.12.011 · Cited by 60
The role of perfectionism in cognitive behaviour therapy outcomes for clinically anxious children
Mitchell, J. H., Newall, C., Broeren, S., & Hudson, J. L. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.05.015 · Cited by 64
Self-citationRapee, R. M. (2013) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.11.014 · Cited by 71
Self-citationInterpretation bias in preschool children at risk for anxiety: A prospective study.
Dodd, H. F., Hudson, J. L., Morris, T. M., & Wise, C. K. (2011) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0024589 · Cited by 66
Self-citationExposure therapy for pediatric irritability: Theory and potential mechanisms
Kircanski, K., Craske, M. G., Averbeck, B. B., Pine, D. S., Leibenluft, E., & Brotman, M. A. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.04.007 · Cited by 58
Eser, H. Y., Taskiran, S. A., Ertinmaz, B., Mutluer, T., Kılıç, Ö., Morey, A. Ö., Necef, I., Yalçınay-İnan, M., & Öngür, D. (2020) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13146 · Cited by 57
Parental Perfectionism and Overcontrol: Examining Mechanisms in the Development of Child Anxiety
Affrunti, N. W., & Woodruff‐Borden, J. (2014) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-014-9914-5 · Cited by 73
“Development Anxiety disorders are prevalent in childhood (Costello et al. 2003; Egger and Angold 2006; Pine 2007; Rapee et al. 2009).”
BackgroundMetacognitive Beliefs and Processes in Clinical Anxiety in Children
Smith, K. E., & Hudson, J. L. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2012.755925 · Cited by 63
Self-citationRapee, R. M. (2009) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9340-2 · Cited by 58
“Given that females are more likely to develop anxiety disorders than males ( Rapee et al. 2009 ), the study focused on early adolescent females.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationZee, M., & Roorda, D. L. (2018) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2018.08.006 · Cited by 58
Pre-treatment Predictors of Outcome in Childhood Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review
Knight, A., McLellan, L., Jones, M., & Hudson, J. (2014) · Psychopathology Review · doi:10.5127/pr.034613 · Cited by 57
“They are associated with both short and long term consequences for the child such as difficulties at school, impaired friendships and relationships, conflict within families and significant personal distress (Rapee et al., 2009; Silverman & Ginsburg, 1998).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMorgan, A. J., Rapee, R. M., & Bayer, J. K. (2016) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.05.001 · Cited by 64
“Anxiety in childhood is a strong predictor of anxiety disorders during adolescence and early adulthood, as well as secondary problems such as depression (Rapee et al., 2009).”
BackgroundSelf-citationBernal-Morales, B., Rodríguez-Landa, J. F., & Pulido-Criollo, F. (2015) · A Fresh Look at Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.5772/60711 · Cited by 45
“In addition, anxiety disorders in adolescents often co-exist with either another anxiety disorder or another psychiatric disorder [29].”
Examining potential risk factors for anxiety in early childhood
Pahl, K. M., Barrett, P. M., & Gullo, M. J. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.12.013 · Cited by 68
Stuttering, Temperament, and Anxiety: Data From a Community Cohort Ages 2–4 Years
Kefalianos, E., Onslow, M., Ukoumunne, O. C., Block, S., & Reilly, S. (2014) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2014_jslhr-s-13-0069 · Cited by 54
Parent-Child Interactions and Adolescent Anxiety: A Systematic Review
Waite, P., Whittington, L., & Creswell, C. (2014) · Psychopathology Review · doi:10.5127/pr.033213 · Cited by 56
“Three of these longitudinal studies (Loukas, 2009; Miller et al., 2010; Rapee, 2009) only had one distinct time point where adolescents were aged between 11-18 when adolescent anxiety and perceptions of parenting were assessed and therefore findings were included with the cross-sectional studies.”
InfluentialLiu, Y., & Merritt, D. H. (2018) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.09.002 · Cited by 55
Do changes in parent mental health explain trends in youth emotional problems?
Schepman, K., Collishaw, S., Gardner, F. E. M., Maughan, B., Scott, J., & Pickles, A. R. (2011) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.015 · Cited by 54
Lau, E. X., Rapee, R. M., & Coplan, R. J. (2017) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.08.007 · Cited by 52
Self-citationSpielberg, J. M., Jarcho, J. M., Dahl, R. E., Pine, D. S., Ernst, M., & Nelson, E. E. (2015) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu165 · Cited by 52
“This maturational window is also the time of peak onset for many anxiety disorders, particularly Social Anxiety Disorder (Pine et al., 1998; Kessler et al., 2005; Rapee et al., 2009).”
The role of sex and gender in anxiety disorders: Being scared “like a girl”?
Hallers‐Haalboom, E. T., Maas, J., Kunst, L. E., & Bekker, M. H. J. (2020) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64123-6.00024-2 · Cited by 52
Wergeland, G. J. H., Fjermestad, K. W., Marin, C. E., Bjelland, I., Haugland, B. S. M., Silverman, W. K., Öst, L.-G., Bjaastad, J. F., Oeding, K., Havik, O. E., et al. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.11.001 · Cited by 61
Bringing a developmental perspective to anxiety genetics
McGrath, L. M., Weill, S. R., Robinson, E., Macrae, R., & Smoller, J. W. (2012) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579412000636 · Cited by 54
Does childhood anxiety evoke maternal control? A genetically informed study
Eley, T. C., Napolitano, M., Lau, J. Y. F., & Gregory, A. M. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02227.x · Cited by 57
Epigenetic Modulation of Mood Disorders
Archer, T. (2013) · Journal of Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy · doi:10.4172/2157-7412.1000120 · Cited by 52
“High rates remission and treatment response are predicted by symptom severity [178], parental psychopathology [179], and co-morbid mood disorder [180].”
BackgroundBechor, M., Pettit, J. W., Silverman, W. K., Bar‐Haim, Y., Abend, R., Pine, D. S., Vasey, M. W., & Jaccard, J. J. (2013) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.09.001 · Cited by 55
Pass, L., Arteche, A. X., Cooper, P., Creswell, C., & Murray, L. (2012) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-012-9645-4 · Cited by 49
“A number of etiological factors are likely to be involved in the development of anxiety (Rapee et al. 2009).”
Anxiety and oppositional defiant disorder: A transdiagnostic conceptualization
Fraire, M. G., & Ollendick, T. H. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.11.004 · Cited by 57
Taboas, W., McKay, D., Whiteside, S. P. H., & Storch, E. A. (2014) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.12.005 · Cited by 49
The relationship between challenging parenting behaviour and childhood anxiety disorders
Lazarus, R. S., Dodd, H. F., Majdandžić, M., de Vente, W., Morris, T. M., Byrow, Y., Bögels, S. M., & Hudson, J. L. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.032 · Cited by 61
Self-citationImproved child behavioural and emotional functioning after Circle of Security 20-week intervention
Huber, A., McMahon, C. A., & Sweller, N. (2015) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2015.1086395 · Cited by 47
Stack, A., & Lucyshyn, J. M. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3854-9 · Cited by 57
Sahithya, B. R., & Raman, V. (2021) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1177/0253717620973376 · Cited by 65
Waters, A. M., Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J., & Farrell, L. J. (2012) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.06.002 · Cited by 47
“As escribed in multiple theories and models of the development of nxiety disorders (see McClure & Pine, 2006; Murray et al., 2009; apee et al., 2009 for reviews), we expected that parent factors i.e., maternal anxiety and maternal child-rearing style) and child actors (i.e., cognitive bias,…”
BackgroundMethodBrumariu, L. E., Obsuth, I., & Lyons‐Ruth, K. (2012) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.09.002 · Cited by 60
“, 2006), the literature provides empirical support for cognitive behavioral therapy (Chorpita et al., 2011; Silverman, Pina, & Viswesvaran., 2008; Rapee et al., 2009).”
BackgroundMuris, P., Mayer, B., Freher, N. K., Duncan, S., & van den Hout, A. (2010) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-010-0186-1 · Cited by 46
“Anxiety is a normal phenomenon during childhood and although most forms of anxiety are mild and transient in nature, it is also true that in a substantial minority of the children anxiety becomes so severe and persistent that it takes the form of an anxiety disorder [1].”
BackgroundThe Nature of the Relationship Between Anxiety and the Error-Related Negativity Across Development
Moser, J. S. (2017) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-017-0132-7 · Cited by 49
Psychological predictors of body image attitudes and concerns in young children
Nichols, T. E., Damiano, S. R., Gregg, K. J., Wertheim, E. H., & Paxton, S. J. (2018) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.005 · Cited by 47
Ryan, K. M., Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J., Neumann, D. L., & Waters, A. M. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.11.009 · Cited by 44
Predictors of dropout from community clinic child CBT for anxiety disorders
Wergeland, G. J., Fjermestad, K. W., Marin, C. E., Haugland, B. S. M., Silverman, W. K., Öst, L., Havik, O. E., & Heiervang, E. R. (2015) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.01.004 · Cited by 55
Prevention of Anxiety Disorders
Lau, E. X., & Rapee, R. M. (2011) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-011-0199-x · Cited by 55
“Children were recruited on the basis of high levels of withdrawn/ inhibited behavior, one of the most clearly established risk factors for development of anxiety [ 38 ].”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Associations of Executive Function and Temperament in a Model of Risk for Childhood Anxiety
Affrunti, N. W., & Woodruff‐Borden, J. (2013) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-013-9881-4 · Cited by 45
Leyfer, O. T., Gallo, K. P., Cooper‐Vince, C. E., & Pincus, D. B. (2013) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.01.010 · Cited by 45
Attentional biases for threat in at-risk daughters and mothers with lifetime panic disorder.
Mogg, K., Wilson, K., Hayward, C., Cunning, D., & Bradley, B. P. (2012) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0028052 · Cited by 49
Bayer, J. K., Beatson, R., Bretherton, L., Hiscock, H., Wake, M., Gilbertson, T., Mihalopoulos, C., Prendergast, L. A., & Rapee, R. M. (2018) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867417726582 · Cited by 46
Self-citationParenting and Anxiety: Bi-Directional Relations in Young Children
Gouze, K. R., Hopkins, J., Bryant, F. B., & Lavigne, J. V. (2017) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0223-z · Cited by 45
“Furthermore, few, if any, studies have controlled for children’s initial anxiety levels, despite the fact that it is likely that anxious children elicit particular styles of parenting behavior (Murray et al. 2009; Rapee et al. 2009; Sameroff and MacKenzie 2003).”
BackgroundMother–child emotion communication and childhood anxiety symptoms
Brumariu, L. E., & Kerns, K. A. (2014) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.917070 · Cited by 44
“There is considerable evidence that psychosocial factors, including parenting, are related to childhood anxiety (Rapee et al., 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialCardamone-Breen, M. C., Jorm, A. F., Lawrence, K. A., Mackinnon, A. J., & Yap, M. B. H. (2017) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.3825 · Cited by 44
“Many risk factors are 61 not modifiable (e.g., female gender, genetic disposition; Garber, 2006; Mathew et al., 2011; 62 Rapee et al., 2009; Van Voorhees et al., 2008), or are difficult to intervene with at an individual 63 level (e.g., socioeconomic status, family history of mental illness;…”
BackgroundCognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in children and adolescents
Oar, E. L., Johnco, C., & Ollendick, T. H. (2017) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2017.08.002 · Cited by 43
“gender difference beginning in childhood and showing an increase over development.(4) Anxiety disorders have a deleterious short- and long-term impact on youth.”
BackgroundPerfectionism in Pediatric Anxiety and Depressive Disorders
Affrunti, N. W., & Woodruff-Borden, J. (2014) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-014-0164-4 · Cited by 54
“Factors such as comorbidity, severity of symptoms, parental psychopathology, and therapeutic alliance have been identified as mediating or moderating effective treatment (see Rapee et al. 2009; Weisz et al. 2006 for more detailed reviews).”
Moscovitch, D. A., Moscovitch, M., & Sheldon, S. (2023) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916221141351 · Cited by 48
Sciberras, E., Mulraney, M., Anderson, V. A., Rapee, R. M., Nicholson, J. M., Efron, D., Lee, K. J., Markopoulos, Z., & Hiscock, H. (2015) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054715584054 · Cited by 43
“The minimal group differences reported by children are consistent with other studies (Rapee et al., 2009).”
ResultSelf-citationAutism and Anxiety: Overlap, Similarities, and Differences
Kerns, C. M., & Kendall, P. C. (2014) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-06796-4_6 · Cited by 44
Edrissi, F., Havighurst, S. S., Aghebati, A., Habibi, M., & Arani, A. M. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01400-0 · Cited by 42
“…to Kids ● Anxiety ● Preschool ● Children ● Mothers ● Parenting program Anxiety problems are the most prevalent emotional disorder in children and adolescents (Rapee et al. 2009) with prevalence rates in pre-school children reportedly ranging from 1.5% (Wichstrom et al. 2012) to 22.2% (Paulus et…”
BackgroundInfluentialLundkvist‐Houndoumadi, I., Hougaard, E., & Thastum, M. (2014) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2014.903295 · Cited by 44
“The classes of variables studied are mostly the same as those studied with adults and research attention could be shifted to more developmentally related variables such as emerging social skills, in view of the positive fi ndings In accordance with prior reviews (12, 13), there were some indices in the studies that pa…”
BackgroundMuris, P., Meesters, C. M. G., Bouwman, L., & Notermans, S. (2014) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-014-0457-3 · Cited by 51
“Anxiety is a normal part of children’s development, but in some youngsters this emotion occurs so frequently and intense that it takes the form of an anxiety disorder [1].”
BackgroundHollocks, M. J., Ozsivadjian, A., Matthews, C. E., Howlin, P., & Simonoff, E. A. (2013) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1285 · Cited by 42
Chatterton, M. L., Rapee, R. M., Catchpool, M., Lyneham, H. J., Wuthrich, V. M., Hudson, J. L., Kangas, M., & Mihalopoulos, C. (2019) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867418823272 · Cited by 42
Self-citationPredicting clinical outcomes via human fear conditioning: A narrative review.
Scheveneels, S., Boddez, Y., & Hermans, D. (2021) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.103870 · Cited by 38
Yeo, K., Frydenberg, E., Northam, E., & Deans, J. (2014) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajpy.12047 · Cited by 41
D’Souza, S., Waldie, K. E., Peterson, E. R., Underwood, L., & Morton, S. (2018) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-018-0816-6 · Cited by 43
Gazelle, H., Workman, J. O., & Allan, W. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9343-z · Cited by 52
“However, on balance, recent epidemiological studies do not support this adolescent increase (Ford et al. 2003; Rapee et al. 2009).”
BackgroundThe effects of art therapy interventions on anxiety in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis
Zhang, B., Wang, J., & Abdullah, A. B. (2024) · Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.clinsp.2024.100404 · Cited by 76
Anxiety Disorder Symptoms in Chinese Preschool Children
Wang, M., & Zhao, J. (2014) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-014-0461-7 · Cited by 38
“moderate to marked life impairment for young children if left untreated [4, 11].”
BackgroundDenollet, J. (2013) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0033537 · Cited by 44
“, 2005), and increases vulnerabiUty to anxiety symptoms (Rapee et al., 2009).”
BackgroundParenting Behaviors and Childhood Anxiety: A Psychometric Investigation of the EMBU-C
Young, B. J., Wallace, D. P., Imig, M. W., Borgerding, L. A., Brown-Jacobsen, A. M., & Whiteside, S. P. H. (2012) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-012-9677-y · Cited by 40
Waite, P., & Creswell, C. (2015) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-015-0005-z · Cited by 40
“Theoretical models have implicated a number of family factors that appear to play a role, including genetics, adverse life events, parental psychopathology, as well as parenting behaviors (Creswell et al. 2011; Rapee et al. 2009).”
Affrunti, N. W., & Woodruff‐Borden, J. (2015) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.03.010 · Cited by 40
Applying Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety to the Younger Child
Hirshfeld‐Becker, D. R., Micco, J. A., Mazursky, H., Bruett, L. D., & Henin, A. (2011) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2011.01.008 · Cited by 38
Pediatric anxiety disorders: from neuroscience to evidence-based clinical practice
Salum, G. A., DeSousa, D. A., do Rosário, M. C., Pine, D. S., & Manfro, G. G. (2013) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2013-s108 · Cited by 46
McLoone, J. K., & Rapee, R. M. (2012) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-012-9088-7 · Cited by 42
“Anxiety disorders are one of the most prevalent psychological disorders during childhood (Cartwright-Hatton, McNicol, & Doubleday, 2006; Rapee et al., 2009), and many children and their families experience clinical levels of anxiety causing dysfunction and interference with daily living.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationEsbjørn, B. H., Sømhovd, M. J., Holm, J. M., Lønfeldt, N. N., Bender, P. K., Nielsen, S. K. K., & Reinholdt‐Dunne, M. L. (2013) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0033793 · Cited by 39
Stjerneklar, S., Hougaard, E., & Thastum, M. (2019) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.01.003 · Cited by 38
The role of parenting in childhood anxiety: Etiological factors and treatment implications.
Negreiros, J., & Miller, L. D. (2014) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12060 · Cited by 44
Interpretation modification training reduces social anxiety in clinically anxious children
Klein, A. M., Rapee, R. M., Hudson, J. L., Schniering, C. A., Wuthrich, V. M., Kangas, M., Lyneham, H. J., Souren, P. M., & Rinck, M. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.10.006 · Cited by 37
“Attempts to increase effects through minor variations such as group versus individual delivery, inclusion of parents, or targeting of parent anxiety have failed to produce marked differences in outcome (Rapee et al., 2009).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Rapee, R. M., Schniering, C. A., & Hudson, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Macquarie University (AU)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2009-04-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 311-341
- ISSN
- 1548-5943 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-5951
- OpenAlex
- W2167192006
- Cited by
- 821
- References
- 223
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 71 · 2014: 79 · 2013: 64 · 2012: 54
- FWCI
- 5.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Therapy and Development
- Keywords
- childhood anxiety, adolescent anxiety, anxiety disorders, causes of anxiety, temperament, parenting, treatment outcomes, treatment efficacy, prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Bibliotherapy, Child, Humans, Life Change Events, Parent-Child Relations, Risk Factors, Temperament, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Parenting, Treatment Outcome, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review