Morphological integration and developmental modularity

Klingenberg, Christian Peter

doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110054

Cited by 863Morphological variations and asymmetryAnimal Behavior and ReproductionEvolution and Genetic Dynamics

Morphological integration and developmental modularity

Klingenberg, Christian Peter·2008·Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics

DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110054

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Abstract

Biological systems, from molecular complexes to whole organisms and ecological interactions, tend to have a modular organization. Modules are sets of traits that are internally integrated by interactions among traits, but are relatively independent from other modules. The interactions within modules rely on different mechanisms, depending on the context of a study. For morphological traits, modularity occurs in developmental, genetic, functional, and evolutionary contexts. A range of methods for quantifying integration and modularity in morphological data is available, and a number of comparative and experimental designs can be used to compare the different contexts. How development produces covariation between traits can have substantial implications for understanding genetic variation and the potential for evolutionary change, but research in this area has only begun and many questions remain unanswered.

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Integration among different components of the cranium can occur through many biological processes such as hormonal influences, pleiotropy, scaling, and regional interactions.
“This integration among different components of the cranium can occur through many biological processes such as hormonal influences, pleiotropy, scaling, regional interactions, among others [7].”
From Morphological consequences of artificial cranial deformation: Modularity and integration (2020) · cites this paper as [7]

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“Even though the majority of the studies on modularity and integration have focused on variation among individuals within populations, there are more levels of variation that exhibit modularity and integration [9], deriving from distinct sources such as genetic variation, phenotypic plasticity, fluctuating asymmetry, e…”
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Authors: Klingenberg, C. P.
Affiliations: University of Manchester (GB)
Corresponding author: Klingenberg, Christian Peter
ORCID: Klingenberg, Christian Peter
Venue: Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2008-12-01
Volume: 39
Issue: 1
Pages: 115-132
ISSN: 1543-592X (ISSN-L)
1545-2069
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110054
OpenAlex: W2033477461
Cited by: 863
References: 133
Citations by year: 2026: 59 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 60 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 37
FWCI: 3.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics (publishedVersion)
Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Geometry and Topology › Morphological variations and asymmetry
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
Keywords: morphological integration, developmental modularity, trait covariation, morphological modularity, developmental constraints, genetic variation, adaptive potential, comparative morphology

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Morphological integration and developmental modularity

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