The Intensity of Motivation
Open accessAbstract
INTRODUCTION 109 POTENTIAL MOTIVATION AND MOTIVATIONAL ROUSAL 110 Potential Motivation 110 Motivational Arousal 111 EVIDENCE ON THE JOINT EFFECTS OF POTENTIAL MOTIVATION AND IFFICULTY 111 Effects on Cardiovascular Reactivity 111 Intended Effort 1 ! 6 Behavioral Effects 117 Subjective Appraisals of Motivational Factors 121 CONCLUSIONS 129 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 129
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Listeners conduct a cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the net benefit from effort expended relative to the costs of or demands for the allocation of cognitive capacity.
“The thinking behind our FUEL was highly influenced by the notion that listening has a value and that listeners conduct a cost-benefit analysis to evalu -ate the net benefit from effort expended relative to the costs of or demands for the allocation of cognitive capacity (Brehm & Self 1989; see Matthen 2016, this issue, pp. 28S-34S; Richter 2016, this issue, pp. 111S-117S).”
From Hearing Impairment and Cognitive Energy: The Framework for Understanding Effortful Listening (FUEL) (2016) · cites this paper as Brehm & Self 1989
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“…are derived from beliefs about the feasibility and desirability of actions and end states (e.g., Ajzen, 1991; Atkinson, 1957; Bandura, 1991, 1997; Brehm & Self, 1989; Carver & Scheier, 1998; Heckhausen, 1991; Locke & Latham, 1990; Vroom, 1964) and represent the culmination of the decision making…”
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- Authors
- Brehm, J. W., & Self, E. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Kansas (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 1989-01
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 109-131
- ISSN
- 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2085
- OpenAlex
- W2140833567
- Cited by
- 1,292
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 66 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 82 · 2020: 145 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 60 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 75 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 52
- FWCI
- 6.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Human Behavior and Motivation
- Keywords
- motivation intensity, task difficulty, cardiovascular reactivity, intended effort
- MeSH terms
- Arousal, Attention, Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Goals, Humans, Learning, Motivation
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