Cited by 166Nutrition and Health in AgingMuscle Physiology and DisordersMuscle metabolism and nutrition

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Improvements in whole muscle and myocellular function are limited with high-intensity resistance training in octogenarian women

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Raue, Ulrika, Slivka, Dustin, Minchev, Kiril, Trappe, Scott·2009·Journal of Applied Physiology

DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.91587.2008PMC PMC2681332

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Abstract

Advanced sarcopenia is prevalent among octogenarian women; yet little is known about myocellular quality and plasticity in this cohort. The aim of this investigation was to examine single muscle fiber contractile function and whole muscle characteristics before and after 12 wk of high-intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) in very old (85 ± 1 yr) women (OW, n = 6). Young women [YW (21 ± 2 yr old), n = 9] were included as a control group. Whole muscle strength [1 repetition maximum (RM)] and size (CT scans) were assessed before and after PRT. Functional experiments (size, peak force, velocity, and power) were performed on vastus lateralis myosin heavy chain (MHC) I and IIa muscle fibers before and after PRT. With PRT, 1-RM strength increased ( P < 0.05) in YW (36%) and OW (26%). Thigh muscle cross-sectional area increased (5%) in YW ( P < 0.05), but thigh muscle did not hypertrophy in OW. Before PRT, there were no differences in single-fiber parameters between YW and OW. With PRT, MHC IIa fiber size (28%), peak force (31%), and power (28%) improved, but no changes were observed in MHC I fibers, in YW ( P < 0.05). There were no improvements in MHC I or IIa single-fiber function in OW. These data show that the myocellular functional profile in OW is similar to that in YW but that OW have a blunted hypertrophic response to PRT at the whole muscle and myocellular level. The limited myocellular plasticity in OW with PRT contrasts with that in YW and previous PRT studies in elderly women only a decade younger. These data suggest that attempts to greatly enhance skeletal muscle mass and function should begin before 80 yr of age.

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“(11.1) Numeric pain rating (0-10) 3.9 (2.6) 3.7 (2.1) Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (17-68) 23.0 (7.5) 23.8 (4.8) Outcomes at 6mo Timed Up and Go (s) 7.8 (2.4) 7.5 (3.9) Gait speed (m/s) 1.09 (0.26) 1.14 (0.24) Oswestry LBP Questionnaire (0-100) 27.8 (10.1) 23.1 (14.4) Numeric pain rating (0-10) 3.5 (1.9) 3.2 (2.3) Tam…”
Influential
Single and combined influence of ACE and ACTN3 genotypes on muscle phenotypes in octogenarians
Garatachea, N., Fiuza‐Luces, C., Torres‐Luque, G., Yvert, T. P., Santiago, C., Gómez‐Gallego, F., Ruiz, J. R., & Lucía, A. (2011) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-011-2217-4 · Cited by 47
Muscle Mass and Strength Gains Following Resistance Exercise Training in Older Adults 65–75 Years and Older Adults Above 85 Years
Marzuca-Nassr, G. N., Alegría-Molina, A., SanMartín-Calísto, Y., Artigas-Arias, M., Huard, N., SAPUNAR, J., Salazar, L. A., Verdijk, L. B., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2023) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0087 · Cited by 58
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Venturelli, M., Reggiani, C., Richardson, R. S., & Schena, F. F. (2018) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000155 · Cited by 45
Improvements in skeletal muscle fiber size with resistance training are age-dependent in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Straight, C. R., Fedewa, M. V., Toth, M. J., & Miller, M. S. (2020) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00170.2020 · Cited by 46
“Whereas skeletal muscle hypertrophy is often purported as a chronic adaptation to RT, studies investigating its effects on single fiber size in older adults have yielded inconsistent results, ranging from hypertrophy in one fiber type (12, 26, 47, 54, 60, 93, 95, 97, 98), both (5, 33, 39, 42, 52, 96), neither (15, 32,…”
Background
TWEAK-Fn14 pathway activation after exercise in human skeletal muscle: insights from two exercise modes and a time course investigation
Raue, U., Jemioło, B., Yang, Y., & Trappe, S. W. (2014) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00759.2014 · Cited by 42
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“types are fundamentally different (7, 35, 44) and respond differently to aging and 256 exercise training (11, 32, 35, 45).”
Self-citation
Neuroprotective effects of exercise on the aging human neuromuscular system
Allen, M. D., Dalton, B. H., Gilmore, K. J., McNeil, C. J., Doherty, T. J., Rice, C. L., & Power, G. A. (2021) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111465 · Cited by 47
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Blunted hypertrophic response in old mouse muscle is associated with a lower satellite cell density and is not alleviated by resveratrol
Ballak, S. B., Jaspers, R. T., Deldicque, L., Chalil, S., Peters, E. L., HAAN, A. D., & Degens, H. (2015) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2014.12.020 · Cited by 40
“, 2013), the hypertrophic response to resistance training or overload may be blunted in old humans (Grimby et al., 1992; Kosek et al., 2006; Martel et al., 2006; Raue et al., 2009; Slivka et al., 2008) and rodents (Alway et al.”
Effects of Age and Rest Interval on Strength Recovery
Bottaro, M., Ernesto, C., Celes, R. S., Farinatti, P., Brown, L. E., & Oliveira, R. J. (2009) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1239497 · Cited by 38
Physical exercise: An inducer of positive oxidative stress in skeletal muscle aging
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Improved single muscle fiber quality in the oldest-old
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“Our laboratory previously reported comparable MHC IIa quality in a cohort of octogenarian and younger sedentary women (53).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citation
Strength training and protein supplementation improve muscle mass, strength, and function in mobility-limited older adults: a randomized controlled trial
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“Older women may demonstrate blunted hypertrophy in response to a resistance exercise regimen, especially with advancing age (18, 60).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Single-muscle fiber contractile properties in lifelong aerobic exercising women
Gries, K. J., Minchev, K., Raue, U., Grosicki, G. J., Begue, G., Finch, W. H., Graham, B., Trappe, T. A., & Trappe, S. W. (2019) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00459.2019 · Cited by 35
“To date, the effects of various short-term exercise paradigms to improve the function and health profile of the fast-twitch muscle fibers in older individuals ( 70 yr) have been mixed (24, 25, 43, 45, 46, 56, 60).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Musculoskeletal adaptations to strength training in frail elderly: a matter of quantity or quality?
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Determinants of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy and the Attenuated Hypertrophic Response at Old Age
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“It has been shown in both human [68-70] and animal muscles [66,71-75] that the hypertrophic response is attenuated at old age.”
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Perspective: Pragmatic Exercise Recommendations for Older Adults: The Case for Emphasizing Resistance Training
Tavoian, D., Russ, D. W., Consitt, L. A., & Clark, B. C. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00799 · Cited by 26
Initiating treadmill training in late middle age offers modest adaptations in Ca2+handling but enhances oxidative damage in senescent rat skeletal muscle
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“In general, our results are consistent with a growing body of evidence showing that skeletal muscle plasticity becomes severely compromised in senescence (3, 36, 44), suggesting that additional adjuncts may be necessary to restore the adaptive muscle response to contractile activity at very advanced age.”
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Targeting Anabolic Impairment in Response to Resistance Exercise in Older Adults with Mobility Impairments: Potential Mechanisms and Rehabilitation Approaches
Drummond, M. J., Marcus, R. L., & LaStayo, P. C. (2012) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.1155/2012/486930 · Cited by 28
“For example, work from the Trappe Laboratory [21, 22] reported, in older men and women > 80 years old, an impaired ability to stimulate muscle fiber hypertrophy compared to younger adults following a resistance exercise training program.”
Background
Force-Generation Capacity of Single Vastus Lateralis Muscle Fibers and Physical Function Decline With Age in African Green Vervet Monkeys
Choi, S.-J., Shively, C. A., Register, T. C., Feng, X., Stehle, J., High, K. P., Ip, E. H., Kritchevsky, S. B., Nicklas, B. J., & Delbono, O. (2012) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gls143 · Cited by 27
“The specific force recorded in this study ranged from 67 to 138 kN/m(2), in good agreement with previous studies conducted under similar experimental conditions in humans (21,22,49,50).”
BackgroundResult
Single muscle fibre contractile characteristics with lifelong endurance exercise
Grosicki, G. J., Gries, K. J., Minchev, K., Raue, U., Chambers, T. L., Begue, G., Finch, H., Graham, B., Trappe, T. A., & Trappe, S. W. (2021) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp281666 · Cited by 28
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“Normalized power of fast muscle fibers is maintained or improved with advanced age [108, 138].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Initiating exercise training in late middle age minimally protects muscle contractile function and increases myocyte oxidative damage in senescent rats
Thomas, M. M., Khan, W., Betik, A. C., Wright, K. J., & Hepple, R. T. (2010) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2010.07.003 · Cited by 28
Age-dependent Muscle Adaptation after Chronic Stretch-shortening Contractions in Rats
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“A substantial amount of research has been focused on comparing two age groups, typically an old age group vs a much younger age group, in regards to age-related deficiencies in performance [4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 17].”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Methodological considerations in measuring specific force in human single skinned muscle fibres
Kalakoutis, M., Giulio, I. D., Douiri, A., Ochala, J., Harridge, S. D. R., & WOLEDGE, R. C. (2021) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.13719 · Cited by 24
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“A dysregulated molecular response to resistance exercise characterizes aging (3), and the anabolic effects of resistance training may be attenuated or delayed beyond age 80 in both men and women (4,5).”
Background
Integrated single-cell multiome analysis reveals muscle fiber-type gene regulatory circuitry modulated by endurance exercisePreprint
Rubenstein, A. B., Smith, G. R., Zhang, Z., Chen, X., Chambers, T. L., Ruf-Zamojski, F. M., Mendelev, N., Cheng, W. S., Zamojski, M., Amper, M. A. S., et al. (2025) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.280051.124 · Cited by 14
“…lip-idmetabolism,andlactateproduction(Hultmanetal.1991;Romijn etal.1993,2000;Greenhaffet al.1994;Bottinelli et al.1999;Trappe et al. 2003, 2006; Kosek et al. 2006; Luden et al. 2008; Raue et al. 2009; Dickinson et al. 2010; Jensen et al. 2020; Hokken et al. 2021; Egan and Sharples 2023).”
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Transgenic Expression of Bmp3b in Mesenchymal Progenitors Mitigates Age-Related Muscle Mass Loss and Neuromuscular Junction Degeneration
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Background
Fast and slow muscle fiber transcriptome dynamics with lifelong endurance exercise
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A history of omics discoveries reveals the correlates and mechanisms of loading-induced hypertrophy in adult skeletal muscle. 2024 CaMPS young investigator award invited review
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The Age‐Dependent Resident Myonuclear Multi‐Omic Response to an Acute Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophic Stimulus in Mice
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“There is heterogeneity in training responsiveness of both younger and older humans which is complex to unravel [ 133–138 ].”

Authors: Raue, U., Slivka, D., Minchev, K., & Trappe, S.
Affiliations: Ball State University (US)
ORCID: Slivka, Dustin
Trappe, Scott
Venue: Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 2009-05
Volume: 106
Issue: 5
Pages: 1611-1617
ISSN: 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
8750-7587
1522-1601
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.91587.2008
PMC: PMC2681332
OpenAlex: W2090562582
Cited by: 166
References: 60
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 10.16
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion, public-domain)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (AG 18409, R01AG018409)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords: high-intensity resistance training, progressive resistance training, sarcopenia, muscle hypertrophy, myosin heavy chain, vastus lateralis, muscle strength, muscle cross-sectional area, muscle power
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Humans, Isometric Contraction, Male, Sex Factors, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Myosin Light Chains, Myosin Heavy Chains, Lower Extremity, Young Adult

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Improvements in whole muscle and myocellular function are limited with high-intensity resistance training in octogenarian women

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