Norepinephrine selectively reduces slow Ca2+- and Na+-mediated K+ currents in cat neocortical neurons
Abstract
1. The effects of norepinephrine (NE) and related agonists and antagonists were examined on large neurons from layer V of cat sensorimotor cortex ("Betz cells") were examined in a brain slice preparation using intracellular recording, constant current stimulation and single microelectrode voltage clamp. 2. Application of NE (0.1-100 microM) usually caused a small depolarization from resting potential; hyperpolarizations were rare. Application of NE reversibly reduced rheobase and both the Ca2+- and Na+-dependent portions of the slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) that followed sustained firing evoked by constant current injection. The faster Ca2+-dependent medium afterhyperpolarization (mAHP), the fast afterhyperpolarization (fAHP), the action potential, and input resistance were unaffected. 3. The changes in excitability produced by NE application were most apparent during prolonged stimulation. The cells exhibited steady repetitive firing to currents that were formerly ineffective. The slow phase of spike frequency adaptation was reduced selectively and less habituation occurred during repeated long-lasting stimuli. The relation between firing rate and injected current became steeper if firing rate was averaged over several hundred milliseconds. 4. During voltage clamp in TTX, NE application selectively reduced the slow component of Ca2+-mediated K+ current. The faster Ca2+-mediated K+ current was unaffected, as were two voltage-dependent, transient K+ currents, the anomalous rectifier and leakage conductance measured at resting potential. Depolarizing voltage steps in the presence of Cd2+ revealed an apparent time- and voltage-dependent increase of the persistent Na+ current after NE application. The voltage-clamp results suggested ionic mechanisms for all effects seen during constant current stimulation except the depolarization from resting potential. The latter was insensitive to Cd2+ and TTX and occurred without a detectable change in membrane conductance. 5. NE application did not alter Ca2+ spikes evoked in the presence of TTX and 10 mM TEA. Inward Ca2+ currents examined during voltage clamp in TTX (with K+ currents reduced) became slightly larger after NE application. We conclude that NEs reduction of the slow Ca2+-mediated K+ current is not caused by reduction of Ca2+ influx. 6. Effects on membrane potential, rheobase, and the sAHP were mimicked by the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol, but not by the alpha-adrenergic agonists clonidine or phenylephrine at higher concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Noradrenaline increases excitability of neurons that express β-adrenergic receptors.
“Noradrenaline increases the excitability of neurons that express β-adrenergic receptors187–189 and reduces excitatory synaptic transmission by acting on α-adrenergic receptors190,191”
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“The initial Ca2 - sensitive portion of the sAHP lasts 1–2 s and is mediated by unknown channels that are negatively modulated by transmitters that activate PKA (e.g., NE through -receptors; Andrade et al. 2012; Foehring et al. 1989).”
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Ionic Currents Governing Input–Output Relations of Betz Cells
Schwindt, P. C. (1992) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-484815-3.50016-5 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationHaimann, C., Magistretti, J., & Pozzi, B. (1992) · Pflügers Archiv · doi:10.1007/bf00376215 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
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“…other hand, several intracellular recording studies have demonstrated that activation of postsynaptic badrenoceptors increases firing frequency in response to intracellular depolarizing current pulse injection (Dodt et al., 1991; Foehring et al., 1989; Kobayashi et al., 2008; Nowicky et al., 1992).”
The mechanism of noradrenergic alpha 1 excitatory modulation of pontine reticular formation neurons
Stevens, D. R., McCarley, R. W., & Greene, R. (1994) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-11-06481.1994 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Similar action of p agonists have been reported in thalamus (McCormick and Prince, 1988) and cortex (Foehring et al., 1989).”
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Slow Synaptic Inhibition in Nucleus HVc of the Adult Zebra Finch
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Learning-Induced Reversal of the Effect of Noradrenalin on the Postburst AHP
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“Modulators like NA might participate in stimulus-specific adaption given that NA blocks both Ca2+- and Na+-dependent K+ currents (Foehring et al., 1989).”
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Existence of glutamate in noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons of rodents
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“A defining feature of IsAHP is its regulation by a range of neuromodulators including NA (Foehring et al., 1989), muscarinic agonist (Schwindt et al., 1988b) and 5-HT (Villalobos et al., 2005), all of which potently block the slow currents (for a review see Nicoll, 1988; Vogalis et al., 2003).”
α2-Adrenergic receptor-mediated modulation of calcium current in neocortical pyramidal neurons
Timmons, S. D., Geisert, E. E., Stewart, A. E., Lorenzon, N. M., & Foehring, R. C. (2004) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.04.025 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
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“These include modulation of ion-channel activities involved in nerve terminal excitability (Dunwiddie et al., 1992; Foehring et al., 1989; Madison and Nicoll, 1986), voltage-dependent Ca2+-channels (VDCCs) (Catterall, 2000), as well as direct effects on processes leading up to and including the secretory process itsel…”
InfluentialLee, S., Beak, S. K., Park, S. H., Waterhouse, B. D., & Lee, H. S. (2009) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.22012 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Despite continuous debate (Fritschy and Grzanna, 1990), the involvement of the LC in various motor functions has been repeatedly reported (Foehring et al., 1989; Fung et al., 1991; Pompeiano et al., 1991).”
Background
- Authors
- Foehring, R. C., Schwindt, P. C., & Crill, W. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- ORCID
- Foehring, R. C.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1989-02-01
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 245-256
- ISSN
- 0022-3077 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1598
- OpenAlex
- W2403611111
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 4.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS16972, NS-22410, NS-70907)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion channel regulation and function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- norepinephrine, Betz cells, neocortical neurons, slow afterhyperpolarization, neuronal excitability, spike frequency adaptation, beta-adrenergic receptors, isoproterenol, alpha-adrenergic receptors, alpha2-adrenoceptors
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Calcium, Cats, Cerebral Cortex, Electrophysiology, Ions, Membrane Potentials, Neurons, Norepinephrine, Potassium, Receptors, Adrenergic, Sodium, Sympathomimetics
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