Diversity of Gain Modulation by Noise in Neocortical Neurons: Regulation by the Slow Afterhyperpolarization Conductance
Open accessAbstract
Neuronal firing is known to depend on the variance of synaptic input as well as the mean input current. Several studies suggest that input variance, or “noise,” has a divisive effect, reducing the slope or gain of the firing frequency–current (f–I) relationship. We measured the effects of current noise on f–I relationships in pyramidal neurons and fast-spiking (FS) interneurons in slices of rat sensorimotor cortex. In most pyramidal neurons, noise had a multiplicative effect on the steady-state f–I relationship, increasing gain. In contrast, noise reduced gain in FS interneurons. Gain enhancement in pyramidal neurons increased with stimulus duration and was correlated with the amplitude of the slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP), a major mechanism of spike-frequency adaptation. The 5-HT 2 receptor agonist α-methyl-5-HT reduced the sAHP and eliminated gain increases, whereas augmenting the sAHP conductance by spike-triggered dynamic-current clamp enhanced the gain increase. These results indicate that the effects of noise differ fundamentally between classes of neocortical neurons, depending on specific biophysical properties including the sAHP conductance. Thus, noise from background synaptic input may enhance network excitability by increasing gain in pyramidal neurons with large sAHPs and reducing gain in inhibitory FS interneurons.
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The sensitivity of individual neurons to synaptic fluctuations can vary with neural subtype or cortical area and with biophysical cellular properties, such as membrane capacitance and conductance.
“Furthermore, the sensitivity of individual neurons to synaptic fluctuations can vary with neural subtype or cortical area and with biophysical cellular properties, such as membrane capacitance and conductance89–93.”
From Mechanisms underlying gain modulation in the cortex (2020) · cites this paper as [90]
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- Authors
- Higgs, M. H., Slee, S. J., & Spain, W. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2006-08-23
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 34
- Pages
- 8787-8799
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6674385
- OpenAlex
- W2054326290
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 4.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (I01 BX000386)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › stochastic dynamics and bifurcation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- synaptic noise, slow afterhyperpolarization, spike frequency adaptation, pyramidal neurons, fast-spiking interneurons, 5-HT2 receptor, alpha-methyl-5-HT, network excitability, sensorimotor cortex, neocortical neurons
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Electric Conductivity, Electric Stimulation, Interneurons, Neurons, Reaction Time, Time Factors, Artifacts, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Pyramidal Cells, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Neocortex, Sodium Channel Blockers, Rats, In Vitro Techniques
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