Current Concepts of Neurodegenerative Mechanisms in Alzheimer’s Disease
Open accessAbstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are hereditary or sporadic conditions that result in the progressive loss of the structure and function of neurons as well as neuronal death. Although a range of diseases lie under this umbrella term, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are the most common neurodegenerative diseases that affect a large population around the globe. Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of extracellular amyloid-βplaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles in brain regions and manifests as a type of dementia in aged individuals that results in memory loss, multiple cognitive abnormalities, and intellectual disabilities that interfere with quality of life. Since the discovery of AD, a wealth of new information has emerged that delineates the causes, mechanisms of disease, and potential therapeutic agents, but an effective remedy to cure the diseases has not been identified yet. This could be because of the complexity of the disease process, as it involves various contributing factors that include environmental factors and genetic predispositions. This review summarizes the current understanding on neurodegenerative mechanisms that lead to the emergence of the pathology of AD.
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Pathognomonic signs of Alzheimer's disease include senile plaques with Aβ peptides in the extracellular environment, chronic neuroinflammation and neurofibrillary tangles comprising tau proteins.
“Pathognomonic signs of AD include the presence of senile plaques with Aβ peptides in the extracellular environment, chronic neuroinflammation and neurofibrillary tangles comprising tau proteins [130].”
From Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health (2022) · cites this paper as [130]
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Retracted
- Authors
- Magalingam, K. B., Radhakrishnan, A., Ping, N. S., & Haleagrahara, N.
- Affiliations
- Nilai University (MY)
- IMU University (MY)
- James Cook University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Haleagrahara, Nagaraja
- Venue
- BioMed Research International
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018
- Volume
- 2018
- Pages
- 1-12
- ISSN
- 1110-7243 (ISSN-L)
- 2314-6133
- 2314-6141
- PMC
- PMC5863339
- OpenAlex
- W2794051327
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 2.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- BioMed Research International (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ResearchOnline - JCU (James Cook University) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, neurodegeneration, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, dementia, neuronal cell death, genetic susceptibility, environmental risk factors, disease mechanisms, therapeutic agents
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Brain, Environmental Exposure, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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