Cited by 491Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune ResponseOvarian cancer diagnosis and treatmentProtease and Inhibitor Mechanisms

Stress hormone-mediated invasion of ovarian cancer cells

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Sood, Anil K., Bhatty, Robert, Kamat, Aparna A., Landen, Charles N., Han, Liz, Thaker, Premal H., Li, Yang, Gershenson, David M. +2 more·2006·Clinical Cancer Research

Abstract

Purpose: There is growing evidence that stress and other behavioral factors may affect cancer progression and patient survival. The underlying mechanisms for this association are poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of stress-associated hormones norepinephrine, epinephrine, and cortisol on the invasive potential of ovarian cancer cells. Experimental Design: The ovarian cancer cells EG, SKOV3, and 222 were exposed to increasing levels of either norepinephrine, epinephrine, or cortisol, and the in vitro invasive potential was determined using the membrane invasion culture system. Additionally, the effects of these stress hormones on matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were determined by ELISA. The effects of the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol on in vivo tumor growth were determined using nude mice. Results: Stress levels of norepinephrine increased the in vitro invasiveness of ovarian cancer cells by 89% to 198%. Epinephrine also induced significant increases in invasion in all three cell lines ranging from 64% to 76%. Cortisol did not significantly affect invasiveness of the EG and 222 cell lines but increased invasion in the SKOV3 cell line (P = 0.01). We have previously shown that ovarian cancer cells express β-adrenergic receptors. The β-adrenergic antagonist propanolol (1 μmol/L) completely blocked the norepinephrine-induced increase in invasiveness. Norepinephrine also increased tumor cell expression of MMP-2 (P = 0.02 for both SKOV3 and EG cells) and MMP-9 (P = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively), and pharmacologic blockade of MMPs abrogated the effects of norepinephrine on tumor cell invasive potential. Isoproterenol treatment resulted in a significant increase in tumor volume and infiltration in the SKOV3ip1 in vivo model, which was blocked by propranolol. Conclusions: These findings provide direct experimental evidence that stress hormones can enhance the invasive potential of ovarian cancer cells. These effects are most likely mediated by stimulation of MMPs.

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  1. Ben-Jonathan N, Arbogast LA, Rhoades TA, et al. Norepinephrine in the rat ovary : ontogeny and de novo synthesis. Endocrinology 1984;115:1426 ^31.
  2. Masur K, Niggemann B, Zanker KS, et al. Norepi- nephrine-induced migration of SW 480 colon carcino- ma cells is inhibited by h-blockers. Cancer Res 2001; 61:2866 ^9.
  3. Ryan ME, Ramamurthy S, Golub LM. Matrix metal- loproteinases and their inhibition in periodontal treat- ment. Curr Opin Periodontol 1996;3:85 ^96.
  4. Ellerbroek SM, Fishman DA, Kearns AS, et al. Ovar- ian carcinoma regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase through h1integrin. Cancer Res 1999;59:1635 ^41.

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Authors
Sood, A. K., Bhatty, R., Kamat, A. A., Landen, C. N., Han, L., Thaker, P. H., Li, Y., Gershenson, D. M., Lutgendorf, S., & Cole, S. W.
Affiliations
  • Gynecologic Oncology Group (US)
  • 3College of Medicine;
  • University of Iowa (US)
  • 5Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
Venue
Clinical Cancer Research
Published
2006-01-15
Volume
12
Issue
2
Pages
369-375
ISSN
  • 1078-0432 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-3265
OpenAlex
W2034249705
Cited by
491
References
71
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 34
FWCI
12.13
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Clinical Cancer Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (UH3TR000943)
  • National Cancer Institute (R01CA110793, CA10929801, R01CA109298, CA 11079301)
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI 52737, R01AI052737)
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
Keywords
ovarian cancer, tumor invasion, stress hormones, norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol, MMP-2, MMP-9, beta-adrenergic receptors, propranolol, isoproterenol, tumor growth
MeSH terms
Animals, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Epinephrine, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Isoproterenol, Mice, Nude, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Norepinephrine, Ovarian Neoplasms, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Matrix Metalloproteinase 2, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9, Mice

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