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X inactivation, differentiation, and DNA methylation
Abstract
A model based on DNA methylation is proposed to explain the initiation and maintenance of mammalian X inactivation and certain aspects of other permanent events in eukaryotic cell differentiation. A key feature of the model is the proposal of sequence-specific DNA methylases that methylate unmethylated sites with great difficulty but easily methylate half-methylated sites. Although such enzymes have not yet been detected in eukaryotes, they are known in bacteria. An argument is presented, based on recent data on DNA-binding proteins, that DNA methylation should affect the binding of regulatory proteins. In support of the model, short reviews are included covering both mammalian X inactivation and bacterial restriction and modification enzymes.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Riggs, A. D.
- Venue
- Cytogenetic and Genome Research
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 1975
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9-25
- ISSN
- 0301-0171 (ISSN-L)
- 1424-8581
- 1424-859X
- OpenAlex
- W2051406511
- Cited by
- 1,342
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 19.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- karger.com/pages/terms-and-conditions (vor)
- karger.com/pages/terms-and-conditions (tdm)
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