Cited by 165Epigenetics and DNA MethylationGenomics and Chromatin DynamicsCancer-related molecular mechanisms research

Epigenetic regulation: A new frontier for biomedical engineers

Chen, Zhen, Li, Shuai, Subramaniam, Shankar, Shyy, John Y.-J., Chien, Shu·2017·Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering

Abstract

Gene expression in mammalian cells depends on the epigenetic status of the chromatin, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, promoter-enhancer interactions, and noncoding RNA-mediated regulation. The coordinated actions of these multifaceted regulations determine cell development, cell cycle regulation, cell state and fate, and the ultimate responses in health and disease. Therefore, studies of epigenetic modulations are critical for our understanding of gene regulation mechanisms at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ levels. The aim of this review is to provide biomedical engineers with an overview of the principles of epigenetics, methods of study, recent findings in epigenetic regulation in health and disease, and computational and sequencing tools for epigenetics analysis, with an emphasis on the cardiovascular system. This review concludes with the perspectives of the application of bioengineering to advance epigenetics and the utilization of epigenetics to translate bioengineering research into clinical medicine.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071516-044720

Cites

150 of 150 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Deacetylases remove acetyl groups of acetylated lysine.

    “On the other hand, the deacetylases remove acetyl groups of acetylated lysine.”
  • Acetylation in tail histones plays an important role during transcription regulation through two mechanisms.

    “This modification in tail histones plays a very important role during transcription regulation through two mechanisms.”
  • The main mechanism by which chromatin structure and function are regulated is through post-translational modifications in amino acids of histone proteins, such as methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, phosphorylation, SUMOylation, ribosylation, propionylation, butyrylation, crotonylation, and citrullination.

    “The main mechanism by which the structure and the function of chromatin are regulated is through post-translational modifications in the amino acids of histone proteins, such as methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, phosphorylation, SUMOylation, ribosylation, propionylation, butyrylation, crotonylation, and citrullination [58].”
  • Acetylation neutralizes the positive charge of lysine by adding the acetyl group to histones, forming an affinity between DNA and histones less tightly arranged, and consequently greater accessibility of DNA to transcription factors.

    “Firstly, it refers to the ability to neutralize the positive charge of the lysine by adding the acetyl group to histones, thus forming an affinity between DNA (negatively charged) and histones less tightly arranged, and consequently, greater accessibility of DNA to transcription factors is observed, for example.”
  • Acetylation occurs in N-terminal lysine residues of histones and is mediated by acetyltransferases (HATs) that add acetyl groups to histone tails.

    “Acetylation occurs in the N-terminal lysine residues of histones, and this mechanism is mediated by acetyltransferases (HATs) that are responsible for adding acetyl groups to the tails of histones.”

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Authors
Chen, Z., Li, S., Subramaniam, S., Shyy, J. Y.-J., & Chien, S.
Affiliations
  • City Of Hope National Medical Center (US)
  • University of California San Diego (US)
Venue
Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering
Published
2017-06-21
Volume
19
Issue
1
Pages
195-219
ISSN
  • 1523-9829 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-4274
OpenAlex
W2509725501
Cited by
163
References
151
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 9
FWCI
2.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R00HL122368)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Keywords
epigenetic regulation, chromatin, DNA methylation, histone modifications, enhancer-promoter interactions, non-coding RNA, gene expression regulation, cardiovascular system, bioengineering applications, clinical translation
MeSH terms
Animals, Biomedical Engineering, Chromatin, Forecasting, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Models, Genetic, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, DNA Methylation, RNA, Untranslated, Epigenesis, Genetic

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