A Randomized Controlled Trial in Routine Clinical Practice Comparing Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
Abstract
Background: Since current therapies for depression are effective but not for all patients alike, we need to further improve available treatments. Existing research suggests that acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) may effectively treat major depressive disorder (MDD). We compared ACT with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression, testing the hypothesis that CBT would outperform ACT. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial with 82 patients suffering from MDD. Data were collected before and after treatment and at the 6-month follow-up, assessing diagnosis, symptom levels of depression, and quality of life. Results: After treatment, the rates of remission from depression were 75 and 80% for the ACT and CBT conditions, respectively. Patients in both conditions further reported significant and large reductions in depressive symptoms and improvement in quality of life from before to after treatment as well as at the follow-up. Our findings indicated no significant differences between the two intervention groups. Conclusion: Our results indicate that CBT is not more effective in treating depression than ACT. Further research is needed to investigate whether ACT and CBT work differently for different groups of patients with depression.
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Effects on life satisfaction were small for both groups and stand in contrast to the results of studies investigating satisfaction and quality of life of outpatients, where large improvements in effectiveness trials of ACT and CBT were found.
“However, effects were small for both groups and stand in contrast to the results of studies investigating satisfaction and quality of life of outpatients. In these studies, large improvements in effectiveness trials of ACT and CBT could be found (A-Tjak et al., 2018; Forman et al., 2007; Oei & McAlinden, 2014).”
From A clinical effectiveness trial comparing ACT and CBT for inpatients with depressive and mixed mental disorders (2021) · cites this paper as A-Tjak et al., 2018
In the parent trial, post-treatment remission rates from depression were 75% for ACT and 80% for CBT.
“we found that at post-treatment, remission rates from depression were 75 and 80% for the ACT and CBT condition, respectively.”
From Explicit and implicit attachment and the outcomes of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for depression (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
In the parent trial, there were no significant differences between the ACT and CBT intervention groups at post-treatment and at 6-month follow-up.
“Our findings indicated no significant differences between the two intervention groups at post-treatment and at 6-month follow-up.”
From Explicit and implicit attachment and the outcomes of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for depression (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
In the parent trial, patients in both conditions reported significant and large reductions of depressive symptoms and improvement on quality of life from pre- to post-treatment and at 6-month follow-up.
“Patients in both conditions further reported significant and large reductions of depressive symptoms and improvement on quality of life from pre- to post-treatment as well as at 6-month follow-up.”
From Explicit and implicit attachment and the outcomes of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for depression (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
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- Authors
- A-Tjak, J. G. L., Morina, N., Topper, M., & Emmelkamp, P. M. G.
- Affiliations
- PsyQ (NL)
- GGZ Noord-Holland-Noord (NL)
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Venue
- Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2018
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 154-163
- ISSN
- 0033-3190 (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0348
- OpenAlex
- W2792698726
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 7.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- acceptance and commitment therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, major depressive disorder, depression treatment, treatment comparison, depressive symptom reduction, remission, quality of life, routine clinical practice
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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