The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 32 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Blood Pressure Effects of Canagliflozin and Clinical Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: Insights From the CREDENCE Trial
Open accessAbstract
Background: People with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease experience a high burden of hypertension, but the magnitude and consistency of blood pressure (BP) lowering with canagliflozin in this population are uncertain. Whether the effects of canagliflozin on kidney and cardiovascular outcomes vary by baseline BP or BP-lowering therapy is also unknown. Methods: The CREDENCE trial (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) randomized people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease to canagliflozin or placebo. In a post hoc analysis, we investigated the effect of canagliflozin on systolic BP across subgroups defined by baseline systolic BP, number of BP-lowering drug classes, and history of apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (BP ≥130/80 mm Hg while receiving ≥3 classes of BP-lowering drugs, including a diuretic). We also assessed whether effects on clinical outcomes differed across these subgroups. Results: The trial included 4401 participants, of whom 3361 (76.4%) had baseline systolic BP ≥130 mm Hg, and 1371 (31.2%) had resistant hypertension. By week 3, canagliflozin reduced systolic BP by 3.50 mm Hg (95% CI, –4.27 to –2.72), an effect maintained over the duration of the trial, with similar reductions across BP and BP-lowering therapy subgroups (all P interaction ≥0.05). Canagliflozin also reduced the need for initiation of additional BP-lowering agents during the trial (hazard ratio, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.61–0.75]). The effect of canagliflozin on kidney failure, doubling of serum creatinine, or death caused by kidney or cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.59–0.82]) was consistent across BP and BP-lowering therapy subgroups (all P interaction ≥0.35), as were effects on other key kidney, cardiovascular, and safety outcomes. Conclusions: In people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, canagliflozin lowers systolic BP across all BP-defined subgroups and reduces the need for additional BP-lowering agents. These findings support use of canagliflozin for end-organ protection and as an adjunct BP-lowering therapy in people with chronic kidney disease. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02065791.
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40 Own result · 20 Not checked yet · 11 Own method · 5 Own interpretation · 1 No basis given
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“Effects on other kidney outcomes, including dialysis, transplant or death due to kidney disease, are summarized in Supplemental Figure 1, with similar results observed in sensitivity analyses adjusting for the competing risk of death (Supplemental Table 6).”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Kidney outcomes
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In the paper
“Effects on other cardiovascular and mortality outcomes are summarized in Supplemental Figure 2, with similar findings in sensitivity analyses adjusting for the competing risk of death (Supplemental Table 6).”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Cardiovascular outcomes
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In the paper
“Reductions in systolic BP were sustained over the duration of the trial (mean difference -3.30mmHg, 95% CI, -3.87 to -2.73; Supplemental Table 5)”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Change in systolic BP, predictors of BP response, and need for additional BP lowering agents
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In the paper
“The effect of canagliflozin on volume depletion and on acute kidney injury also did not vary across these subgroups (all P-interaction>0.10; Figure 6).”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Safety outcomes
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In the paper
“The effect on cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.67-0.95)did not vary by baseline systolic BP or number of BP lowering drug classes (P-interaction= 0.52 and 0.25, respectively), although there was some evidence that the magnitude of benefit varied by history of resistant hypertension (P-interaction=0.04; Figure 5).”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Cardiovascular outcomes
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In the paper
“Reductions in systolic BP with canagliflozin explained 2.6% of the effect on the primary composite outcome, and 4.0% of the effect on the kidney-specific composite (doubling of serum creatinine, kidney failure or death due to kidney disease).”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Proportion of treatment effects explained by change in systolic BP
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The risk of any serious adverse event (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.79-0.97)was lower with canagliflozin compared to placebo, with no effect modification by baseline systolic BP, number of BP lowering drug classes, and history of resistant hypertension (P-interaction>0.10; Figure 6).”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Safety outcomes
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The BP lowering effect of canagliflozin explain 5.9% of the effect on cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke and 0.7% of the effect on cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure.”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Proportion of treatment effects explained by change in systolic BP
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In the paper
“Almost all participants (n=4,395, 99.9%) were receiving RAS blockade at baseline, as mandated for entry into the trial.”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Background use of BP lowering therapies
plainn = 4,395- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The effect of canagliflozin on the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.57-0.83)was consistent regardless of baseline systolic BP, number of BP lowering drug classes, and history of resistant hypertension (all Pinteraction >0.07; Figure 5).”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Cardiovascular outcomes
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 20
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- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
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In the paper
“3,394 participants (77.2%) were taking ≥2 classes of BP lowering therapies, the most common regimens being RAS blockade plus calcium channel blocker (12.5%) or RAS inhibitor plus diuretic (10.3%).”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Background use of BP lowering therapies
plainn = 3,394- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“1,130 (25.7%).901 (20.5%) participants were receiving 3 and 4 or more classes of BP lowering drugs respectively at baseline.”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Background use of BP lowering therapies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“2,129 (48.4%) were receiving a calcium channel blocker, 1,770 (40.2%) a beta blocker and 2,057 (46.7%) a diuretic (Supplemental Table 4).”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Background use of BP lowering therapies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Effects on amputation, fracture and all kidney-related adverse events were also similar across subgroups (Supplemental Figure 3).”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Safety outcomes
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The CREDENCE trial included 4401 randomized participants with T2DM and CKD (mean age 63 years, BP 140/78 mmHg, eGFR 56 mL/min/1.73m 2 , and median UACR 927 mg/g) who were followed for a median of 2.6 years.”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Results
plainn = 4,401- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The prevalence of resistant hypertension at baseline was 31.4% (Supplemental Table 2).”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Background use of BP lowering therapies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“All participants had severely increased albuminuria, almost 60% had a starting eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m 2 , and almost half were treated with three or more classes of BP lowering therapies.”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Change in SBP over duration of the trial -3.30 mmHg (95% CI -3.87, -2.73)”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > References
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Change in SBP at week 3 -3.50 mmHg (95% CI -4.27, -2.72)”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > References
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
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In the paper
“In the EMPA-REG BP trial, empagliflozin reduced mean 24 hour ambulatory systolic BP by approximately 3-4 mmHg after 12 weeks, 16 with consistent reductions irrespective of the number of background BP lowering drugs.17”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“We performed sensitivity analyses for the main kidney and cardiovascular outcomes adjusting for the competing risk of death using the Fine and Gray method.13”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Statistical analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [13] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The strength of this study lies in the high quality of data obtained from the CREDENCE trial, which was a large, well-conducted, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“An important distinction is that unlike other BP lowering agents, 24 there appears to be no association between baseline values and the magnitude of BP reduction, an observation which we have extended to people with CKD.”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [24] source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“This was a post-hoc analysis and was not specifically designed to assess BP lowering effects in individual subgroups or effects on clinical outcomes in each category of systolic BP.”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“While the glycosuric effect of SGLT2 inhibition diminishes substantially as kidney function declines, effects on systolic BP appear preserved across the spectrum of eGFR studied to date, including down to an eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73m 2 .[25][26][27]”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Discussion
What the sources say
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Similar findings have been reported in short-term trials of other SGLT2 inhibitors, 6,18,19 and the longer-term BP lowering effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in individuals with T2DM and relatively preserved kidney function have been demonstrated in large cardiovascular outcome trials.5,20,21”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Discussion
What the sources say
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) study, approximately 40% of participants with established CKD had apparent treatment-resistant hypertension.22”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [22] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Because the mediation analyses were observational without adjustment for confounders between change in systolic BP and clinical outcomes, estimates of the proportion of treatment effects explained by reductions in systolic BP should be interpreted as a measure of association and thus causality cannot be directly inferred.”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Randomization was performed centrally based on a computer-generated randomization schedule, using randomly permuted blocks stratified by pre-randomization eGFR (30 to <45, 45 to <60, 60 to <90 mL/min/1.73m 2 ).”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Randomization and follow-up procedures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The effects of canagliflozin on all kidney and cardiovascular outcomes were assessed using Cox regression models stratified by screening eGFR using an intention-to-treat approach.”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Statistical analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The absence of any clear difference in risk of adverse outcomes across different levels of systolic BP, in particular volume depletion and acute kidney injury, is reassuring and underscores the safety of canagliflozin in patients with T2DM and CKD.”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Discussion
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Analyses of change in systolic BP were based on-treatment analyses using complete data, as pre-specified in the statistical analysis plan and to be consistent with the primary trial report.9”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Statistical analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“As mandated in the study protocol, 3 consecutive BP measurements were taken at intervals of at least 1 minute apart, and the average of the 3 readings was recorded.”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Randomization and follow-up procedures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) Trial, canagliflozin reduced the risk of kidney failure and of hospitalization for heart failure in patients with T2DM and CKD by 30 and 40% respectively.9”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The reported interaction P values were not adjusted for multiple comparisons and should be interpreted appropriately.”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“This observation is confirmed and strengthened by the CREDENCE data, which includes one of the largest number of participants with eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73m 2 of any SGLT2 inhibitor outcome trial to date.28”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [28] source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“4361 participants (99.1%) completed the study; 13 (0.6%) and 9 (0.4%) participants in the canagliflozin and placebo arms respectively were lost to follow-up.”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Results
plainn = 4,361- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“All participants, care providers, investigators and outcome assessors were blinded to randomized treatment allocation until the end of the trial.”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Randomization and follow-up procedures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The pattern of use of BP lowering therapies and prevalence of resistant hypertension in CREDENCE is consistent with these data, and suggest that our findings are likely to be directly applicable to the routine care of patients with T2DM and CKD, where the burden of resistant hypertension and use of multiple BP lowering therapies is high.”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [22] source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Compared to the general population, resistant hypertension is at least twice as common in people with CKD and becomes increasingly so as eGFR declines.4”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [4] source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All kidney and cardiovascular outcomes were adjudicated by expert committees blinded to treatment allocation.”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Recent experimental data showed that chemical denervation in a neurogenic hypertensive animal model reduced SGLT2 expression, and that dapagliflozin reduced norepinephrine levels in kidney tissue, providing evidence of crosstalk between SGLT2 inhibitors and sympatho-inhibition. 31”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [31] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The high burden of hypertension in the study population and use of multiple classes of BP lowering therapies allowed us to extend previous observations on the BP lowering effects of SGLT2 inhibition to the CKD population and assess the consistency and durability of this effect across a number of clinically important subgroups.”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Before this analysis, the magnitude and consistency of canagliflozin's systolic blood pressure-lowering effect across baseline systolic blood pressure levels, number of blood pressure-lowering drug classes, and resistant hypertension status were unclear.
“While canagliflozin also lowered systolic BP, the magnitude and consistency of this effect across different levels of baseline systolic BP, number of BP lowering drug classes, and in patients with and without resistant hypertension, is unclear.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Whether canagliflozin's effects on kidney, cardiovascular, and safety outcomes vary across these blood pressure-defined subgroups was uncertain.
“Whether the effects of canagliflozin on kidney, cardiovascular and safety outcomes vary across these subgroups is also uncertain.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Initiation of additional blood pressure-lowering agents during the trial reflects an unmet need for blood pressure lowering.
“and reduced the need for additional blood pressure lowering agents.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A recent meta-analysis including seven RCTs demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with an average reduction of 3.6/1.7 mmHg (systolic/diastolic) in 24 h ambulatory BP, which is comparable with efficacy of low-dose hydrochlorothiazide.”
From 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. (2023) · cites this paper as [224]
In the citing paper
“SGLT2 inhibitors induced a larger BP decrease than did GLP-1 RAs without changing heart rate.”
From 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. (2023) · cites this paper as [224]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
“During the trial, 627 (39.8%) participants in the canagliflozin arm and 836 (61.3%) in the placebo arm were commenced on additional BP lowering agents.”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Change in systolic BP, predictors of BP response, and need for additional BP lowering agents
Reported 61.3 · recomputed 38.543107
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
“During the trial, 627 (39.8%) participants in the canagliflozin arm and 836 (61.3%) in the placebo arm were commenced on additional BP lowering agents.”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Change in systolic BP, predictors of BP response, and need for additional BP lowering agents
Reported 39.8 · recomputed 28.867403
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Region, No.(%) North America 334(28.3)316(26.7)242(20.5)290(24.5)”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Supplemental Materials
Reported 28.3 · recomputed 32.115385
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Discussion
“Finally, the kidney and cardiovascular protective effects canagliflozin were consistent across BP and BP therapy defined subgroups, with no interaction observed for volume depletion or acute kidney injury.”
§ Blood pressure effects of canagliflozin and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Insights from the CREDENCE Trial > Cardiovascular outcomes
“although there was some evidence that the magnitude of benefit varied by history of resistant hypertension (P-interaction=0.04; Figure 5).”
Citations
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Ye, N., Jardine, M. J., Oshima, M., Hockham, C., Heerspink, H. J. L., Agarwal, R., Bakris, G., Schutte, A. E., Arnott, C., Chang, T. I., Górriz, J. L., Cannon, C. P., Charytan, D. M., de Zeeuw, D., Levin, A., Mahaffey, K. W., Neal, B., Pollock, C., Wheeler, D. C., Luca Di Tanna, G., Cheng, H., Perkovic, V., & Neuen, B. L.
- Affiliations
- Capital Medical University (CN)
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital (AU)
- Kanazawa University (JP)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (AU)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain (J.L.G.).
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (H.J.L.H., D.d.Z.).
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- The George Institute for Global Health (GB)
- The George Institute for Global Health (N.Y., M.J.J., M.O., C.H., A.E.S., C.A., B.N., D.C.W., G.L.D.T., V.P., B.L.N.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
- Royal North Shore Hospital (AU)
- ORCID
- Ye, Nan
- Jardine, Meg J.
- Oshima, Megumi
- Hockham, Carinna
- Heerspink, Hiddo J.L.
- Agarwal, Rajiv
- Bakris, George
- Schutte, Aletta E.
- Arnott, Clare
- Chang, Tara I.
- Cannon, Christopher P.
- Charytan, David M.
- Levin, Adeera
- Mahaffey, Kenneth W.
- Neal, Bruce
- Pollock, Carol
- Wheeler, David C.
- Cheng, Hong
- Perkovic, Vlado
- Neuen, Brendon L.
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2021-05-04
- Volume
- 143
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 1735-1749
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W3126553617
- Semantic Scholar
- 737a7cef38e8d90b20d17272ac016a6f4c544266
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 14
- FWCI
- 13.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
- Keywords
- canagliflozin, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, resistant hypertension, blood pressure-lowering therapy, SGLT2 inhibitors, renal failure, cardiovascular outcomes, CREDENCE trial, subgroup analysis, diuretics, renal outcomes, safety outcomes, adverse events, hypoglycemia
- MeSH terms
- Canagliflozin, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-04, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-04 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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