Functional connectivity-based subtypes of individuals with and without autism spectrum disorder
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Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by impairments in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors. Neuroimaging studies have shown complex patterns and functional connectivity (FC) in ASD, with no clear consensus on brain-behavior relationships or shared patterns of FC with typically developing controls. Here, we used a dimensional approach to characterize two distinct clusters of FC patterns across both ASD participants and controls using k-means clustering. Using multivariate statistical analyses, a categorical approach was taken to characterize differences in FC between subtypes and between diagnostic groups. One subtype was defined by increased FC within resting-state networks and decreased FC across networks compared with the other subtype. A separate FC pattern distinguished ASD from controls, particularly within default mode, cingulo-opercular, sensorimotor, and occipital networks. There was no significant interaction between subtypes and diagnostic groups. Finally, a dimensional analysis of FC patterns with behavioral measures of IQ, social responsiveness, and ASD severity showed unique brain-behavior relations in each subtype and a continuum of brain-behavior relations from ASD to controls within one subtype. These results demonstrate that distinct clusters of FC patterns exist across ASD and controls, and that FC subtypes can reveal unique information about brain-behavior relationships.
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ASD subtype nesting using network-based functional connectivity found two subtypes associated with general within- and between-network connectivity in both ASD and control samples.
“From 250 children within the Autism Brain Im- aging Data Exchange Consortium, investigators found two subtypes associated with general within- and between- network connectivity in both ASD and control samples.”
From Methods and challenges for assessing heterogeneity (2020) · cites this paper as [49]
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- Authors
- Easson, A. K., Fatima, Z., & McIntosh, A. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- York University (CA)
- Venue
- Network Neuroscience
- Publisher
- MIT Press
- Published
- 2019-01
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 344-362
- ISSN
- 2472-1751 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6370474
- OpenAlex
- W2951318815
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 5.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Network Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2018-04457)
- Ontario Graduate Scholarship
- Mynne & Harold Soupcoff Fellowship
- Finkler Graduate Student Fellowship
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, functional connectivity, resting-state networks, brain-behavior relationship, default mode network, cingulo-opercular network, sensorimotor network, social responsiveness, IQ, ASD severity, dimensional approach
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