‘Striking a sour note’: Assessing the influence of consonant and dissonant music on taste perception
Abstract
We report two experiments designed to investigate the consequences of manipulating the harmonic content of background music on taste perception. The participants in the present study evaluated samples of mixed fruit juice whilst listening to soundtracks that had either been harmonised with consonant or dissonant musical intervals. Each sample of juice was rated on three computer-based scales: One scale was anchored with the words sour and sweet, while the other two scales involved hedonic ratings of the music and of the juice. The results of an internet-based pre-test revealed that participants reliably associated the consonant soundtracks with sweetness and the dissonant soundtracks with sourness. The results of the on-site experiments demonstrated that participants rated the juices as tasting significantly sweeter in the consonant than in the dissonant music condition, irrespective of the melody or instrumentation that were evaluated. These results therefore provide empirical support for the claim that the crossmodal correspondence between a higher level musical attribute (namely, harmony) and basic taste can be used to modify the evaluation of the taste of a drink.
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Similar sonic seasoning effects involving sweetness have been found in a range of food and beverage stimuli ranging from juice to beer, and from chocolate to wine.
“Similar sonic seasoning e ects, specifically involving sweetness, have since been found in a range of food and beverage stimuli ranging from juice to beer, and from chocolate to wine [9,24,25,27,90,91].”
From The Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Sensory Factors in Sweetness Perception of Food and Beverages: A Review (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
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- Authors
- Wang, Q. (., & Spence, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Venue
- Multisensory Research
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 195-208
- ISSN
- 2213-4794 (ISSN-L)
- 2213-4808
- OpenAlex
- W1043909597
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 7.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Multisensory Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods
- Keywords
- cross-modal correspondence, taste perception, musical harmony, background music, sour taste, sweetness, fruit juice, hedonic ratings, multisensory integration
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Association, Auditory Perception, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Music, Taste Perception, Young Adult
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