Role of Disease and Macronutrient Dose in the Randomized Controlled EPaNIC Trial

Casaer, Michael P.; Wilmer, Alexander; Hermans, Greet; Wouters, Pieter J.; Mesotten, Dieter; Van den Berghe, Greet

doi:10.1164/rccm.201206-0999oc

Cited by 307Clinical Nutrition and GastroenterologyHyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patientsEnhanced Recovery After Surgery

Role of Disease and Macronutrient Dose in the Randomized Controlled EPaNIC Trial

Open access

Casaer, Michael P., Wilmer, Alexander, Hermans, Greet, Wouters, Pieter J., Mesotten, Dieter, Van den Berghe, Greet·2013·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

DOI 10.1164/rccm.201206-0999oc

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Rationale: Early parenteral nutrition to supplement insufficient enteral feeding during intensive care (early PN) delays recovery as compared with withholding parenteral nutrition for 1 week (late PN). Objectives: To assess whether deleterious effects of early PN relate to severity of illness or to the dose or type of macronutrients. Methods: Secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial (EPaNIC; n = 4,640) performed in seven intensive care units from three departments in two Belgian hospitals. In part 1, all patients were included to assess the effect of the randomized allocation to early PN or late PN in subgroups of patients with increasing-on-admission severity of illness. In part 2, observationally, the association of the amount and type of macronutrients with recovery was documented in those patient cohorts still present in intensive care on Days 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14. Measurements and Main Results: The primary end point was time to live discharge from the intensive care unit. For part 1, a secondary end point, acquisition of new infections, was also analyzed. All statistical analyses were performed by univariable and adjusted multivariable methods. In none of the subgroups defined by type or severity of illness was a beneficial effect of early PN observed. The lowest dose of macronutrients was associated with the fastest recovery and any higher dose, administered parenterally or enterally, was associated with progressively more delayed recovery. The amount of proteins/amino acids rather than of glucose appeared to explain delayed recovery with early feeding. Conclusions: Early combined parenteral/enteral nutrition delayed recovery irrespective of severity of critical illness. No dose or type of macronutrient was found to be associated with improved outcome. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00512122).

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1164/rccm.201206-0999oc

Cites

45 of 45 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Higher protein intakes during the acute phase might be linked to greater muscle wasting and ICU-acquired weakness.
“Higher protein intakes during the acute phase might be linked to greater muscle wasting and ICU-acquired weakness.1,15”
From Low versus standard calorie and protein feeding in ventilated adults with shock: a randomised, controlled, multicentre, open-label, parallel-group trial (NUTRIREA-3). (2023) · cites this paper as [15]
The Discussion reports that higher cumulative protein/amino acid intake early in an ICU stay was associated with delayed recovery. It does not report greater muscle wasting or ICU-acquired weakness; the outcome analyzed was time to discharge alive from the ICU. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
A post hoc analysis of the EPaNIC trial suggested that the highest amount of nutritional intake was associated with a higher infection rate and a delay in recovery.
“A post hoc analysis of this trial suggested that the highest amount of nutritional intake was associated with a higher infection rate and a delay in recovery [37].”
From Nutrition in Sepsis: A Bench-to-Bedside Review. (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
The ‘Association between Dose of Macronutrients and Recovery from Critical Illness’ section (page unavailable) reports that higher cumulative energy intake was associated with a lower likelihood of earlier live ICU discharge. The paper also reports more new infections with early than late parenteral nutrition, but that comparison is by feeding strategy, not by the highest amount of nutritional intake. It therefore does not establish the claimed intake–infection association. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Post hoc analysis of EPaNIC studies suggested that early administration of amino acids (mainly at day 3) was associated with a later live discharge from the ICU, questioning the indication of administering amino acids in the early ICU stay.
“In addition, the post hoc analysis of EPaNIC (173, 174) studies suggested that early administration of amino acids (mainly at day 3) was associated with a later live discharge from the ICU, questioning the indication of administrating amino acids in the early stay in the ICU (175).”
From ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. (2019) · cites this paper as [174]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

APACHE II
Knaus, W. A., Draper, E. A., Wagner, D. P., & Zimmerman, J. E. (1985) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-198510000-00009 · Cited by 15,333 · see citing works
APACHE II-A Severity of Disease Classification System
Knaus, W. A., Draper, E. A., Wagner, D. P., & Zimmerman, J. E. (1986) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-198608000-00028 · Cited by 13,379 · see citing works
ESPEN Guidelines for Nutrition Screening 2002
Kondrup, J. (2003) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0261-5614(03)00098-0 · Cited by 3,159 · see citing works
ESPEN guidelines on parenteral nutrition: intensive care
Singer, P., Berger, M. M., Van den Berghe, G., Biolo, G., Calder, P., Forbes, A., Griffiths, R., Kreyman, G., Leverve, X., & Pichard, C. (2009) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2009.04.024 · Cited by 1,907 · see citing works
Early versus late parenteral nutrition in critically ill adults
Casaer, M. P., Mesotten, D., Hermans, G., Wouters, P. J., Schetz, M., Meyfroidt, G., Van Cromphaut, S., Ingels, C., Meersseman, P., Muller, J., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1102662 · Cited by 1,696 · see citing works
Self-citation
Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.)
Taylor, B. E., McClave, S. A., Martindale, R. G., Warren, M. M., Johnson, D. R., Braunschweig, C., McCarthy, M. S., Davanos, E., Rice, T. W., Cresci, G. A., et al. (2016) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000001525 · Cited by 1,476 · see citing works
ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition: intensive care
Kreymann, K. G., Berger, M. M., Deutz, N. E. P., Hiesmayr, M., Jolliet, P., Kazandjiev, G., Nitenberg, G., van den Berghe, G., Wernerman, J., Ebner, C., et al. (2006) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2006.01.021 · Cited by 1,366 · see citing works
Autophagy is required to maintain muscle mass.
Masiero, E., Agatea, L., Mammucari, C., Blaauw, B., Loro, E., Komatsu, M., Metzger, D., Reggiani, C., Schiaffino, S., & Sandri, M. (2009) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2009.10.008 · Cited by 1,282 · see citing works
Negative impact of hypocaloric feeding and energy balance on clinical outcome in ICU patients
Villet, S., Chiolero, R. L., Bollmann, M. D., Revelly, J.-P., Cayeux RN, M.-C., Delarue, J., & Berger, M. M. (2005) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2005.03.006 · Cited by 995 · see citing works
The relationship between nutritional intake and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: results of an international multicenter observational study
Alberda, C., Gramlich, L., Jones, N., Jeejeebhoy, K., Day, A. G., Dhaliwal, R., & Heyland, D. K. (2009) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-009-1567-4 · Cited by 975 · see citing works
Initial trophic vs full enteral feeding in patients with acute lung injury: the EDEN randomized trial
The National Heart, L., Rice, T. W., Wheeler, A. P., Thompson, B. T., Steingrub, J., Hite, R. D., Moss, M., Morris, A., Dong, N., & Rock, P. (2012) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.137 · Cited by 935 · see citing works
The tight calorie control study (TICACOS): a prospective, randomized, controlled pilot study of nutritional support in critically ill patients
Singer, P., Anbar, R., Cohen, J., Shapiro, H., Shalita-Chesner, M., Lev, S., Grozovski, E., Theilla, M., Frishman, S., & Madar, Z. (2011) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-011-2146-z · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Total Parenteral Nutrition in the Critically Ill Patient
Heyland, D. K., MacDonald, S., Keefe, L., & Drover, J. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.280.23.2013 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Parenteral vs. enteral nutrition in the critically ill patient: a meta-analysis of trials using the intention to treat principle
Simpson, F. O., & Doig, G. S. (2004) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-004-2511-2 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Caloric Intake in Medical ICU Patients
Krishnan, J. A., Parce, P., Martinez, A. D., Diette, G. B., & Brower, R. G. (2003) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.124.1.297 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Computerized energy balance and complications in critically ill patients: An observational study
DVIR, D., COHEN, J., & SINGER, P. (2006) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2005.10.010 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Multicentre, cluster-randomized clinical trial of algorithms for critical-care enteral and parenteral therapy (ACCEPT).
Martin, C. M., Doig, G. S., Heyland, D. K., Morrison, T., & Sibbald, W. J. (2004) · PubMed Central · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: Executive Summary*
Martindale, R., McClave, S., Vanek, V., McCarthy, M., Roberts, P., Taylor, B., Ochoa, J., Napolitano, L., & Cresci, G. (2009) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181a40116 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Early versus late enteral feeding of mechanically ventilated patients: Results of a clinical trial.
Ibrahim, E., Mehringer, L., Prentice, D., Sherman, G., Schaiff, R., Fraser, V, & Kollef, M. (2002) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607102026003174 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Competing risks as a multi-state model
Andersen, P. K., Abildstrom, S. Z., & Rosthøj, S. (2002) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1191/0962280202sm281ra · Cited by 321 · see citing works
The Effect of Postoperative Intravenous Feeding (TPN) on Outcome Following Major Surgery Evaluated in a Randomized Study
Sandström, R., Drott, C., Hyltander, A. G., Arfvidsson, B., Scherstén, T., Wickström, I., & Lundholm, K. (1993) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-199302000-00013 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Prospective randomized trial to assess caloric and protein needs of critically Ill, anuric, ventilated patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy
Scheinkestel, C. D., Kar, L., Marshall, K., Bailey, M., Davies, A., Nyulasi, I., & Tuxen, D. V. (2003) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(03)00175-8 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Hypocaloric total parenteral nutrition: Effectiveness in prevention of hyperglycemia and infectious complications—A randomized clinical trial
McCowen, K. C., Friel, C. M., Sternberg, J. A., Chan, S., Forse, R. A., Burke, P., & Bistrian, B. R. (2000) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-200011000-00007 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Insufficient Activation of Autophagy Allows Cellular Damage to Accumulate in Critically Ill Patients
Vanhorebeek, I., Gunst, J., Derde, S., Derese, I., Boussemaere, M., Güiza, F., Martinet, W., Timmermans, J.-P., D'Hoore, A., Wouters, P. J., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2563 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Self-citation
Enteral versus parenteral nutrition: a pragmatic study
Woodcock, N. P., Zeigler, D., Palmer, M., Buckley, P. M., Mitchell, C. J., & MacFie, J. (2001) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00576-1 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Studies in the Basal State and the Response to Total Parenteral Nutrition
SHAW, J. H. F., & Wolfe, R. R. (1989) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-198901000-00010 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Early Parenteral Nutrition Evokes a Phenotype of Autophagy Deficiency in Liver and Skeletal Muscle of Critically Ill Rabbits
Derde, S., Vanhorebeek, I., Güiza, F., Derese, I., Gunst, J., Fahrenkrog, B., Martinet, W., Vervenne, H. B. V. K., Ververs, E.-J., Larsson, L., et al. (2012) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2011-2068 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Combination enteral and parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients: harmful or beneficial? A systematic review of the evidence
Dhaliwal, R., Jurewitsch, B., Harrietha, D., & Heyland, D. (2004) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-004-2345-y · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Supplementation in Acute Lung Injury—Reply
Rice, T. W., Wheeler, A. P., & Thompson, B. (2012) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1985 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Impact of increasing parenteral protein loads on amino acid levels and balance in critically ill anuric patients on continuous renal replacement therapy
Scheinkestel, C. D., Adams, F., Mahony, L., Bailey, M., Davies, A. R., Nyulasi, I. B., & Tuxen, D. V. (2003) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(03)00107-2 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Impact of early parenteral nutrition completing enteral nutrition in adult critically ill patients (EPaNIC trial): a study protocol and statistical analysis plan for a randomized controlled trial
Casaer, M. P., Hermans, G., Wilmer, A. P., & den Berghe, G. V. (2011) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-12-21 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citation
Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) Patient: : Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill
McClave, S. A., Martindale, R. G., Vanek, V. W., McCarthy, M. S., Roberts, P. R., & Taylor, B. E. (2009) · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Parenteral nutrition in septic patients: effect of increasing nitrogen intake
Greig, P. D., Elwyn, D. H., ASKANAZI, J., & Kinney, J. M. (1987) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/46.6.1040 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
When Early Enteral Feeding Is Not Possible in Critically Ill Patients
Cahill, N. E., Murch, L., Jeejeebhoy, K. N., McClave, S. A., Day, A. G., Wang, M., & Heyland, D. K. (2011) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607110381405 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
High-dose amino acid infusion preserves diuresis and improves nitrogen balance in non-oliguric acute renal failure
Singer, P. (2007) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-007-0794-3 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Early versus late parenteral nutrition in ICU patients: cost analysis of the EPaNIC trial
Vanderheyden, S., Casaer, M., Kesteloot, K., Simoens, S., Rijdt, T. D., Peers, G., Wouters, P., Coenegrachts, J., Grieten, T., Polders, K., et al. (2012) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc11361 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citation
Predictors of Total Parenteral Nutrition-Induced Lipogenesis
Guenst, J. M., & Nelson, L. D. (1994) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.105.2.553 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Practicalities of nutrition support in the intensive care unit: the usefulness of gastric residual volume and prokinetic agents with enteral nutrition
Ridley, E. J., & Davies, A. R. (2011) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2010.10.010 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Influence of parenteral nutrition on rates of net substrate oxidation in severe trauma patients
Jeevanandam, M., YOUNG, D. H., & Schiller, W. R. (1990) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199005000-00001 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
OP005 SUPPLEMENTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION (SPN) IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) PATIENTS FOR OPTIMAL ENERGY COVERAGE: IMPROVED CLINICAL OUTCOME
Heidegger, C. P., Graf, S., Thibault, R., Darmon, P., Berger, M., & Pichard, C. (2011) · Clinical Nutrition Supplements · doi:10.1016/s1744-1161(11)70006-0 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Evidence-based nutrition support in the intensive care unit: an update on reported trial quality
Doig, G. S., Simpson, F. O., & Sweetman, E. A. (2009) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e32832182b0 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Early or Late Parenteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Adults
Felbinger, T. W., Weigand, M. A., & Mayer, K. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc1110994 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
A comparison of mixed and glucose systems in the total parenteral nutrition of malnourished patients
Iapichino, G. (1987) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/0261-5614(87)90060-4 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Late initiation of parenteral nutrition reduced length of intensive care unit stay
Heyland, D. K. (2011) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-155-10-201111150-02011 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Effect of Evidence-Based Feeding Guidelines on Mortality of Critically Ill Adults: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Doig, G. S. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2008.826 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 46 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

[9]9. Felbinger TW, Weigand MA, Mayer K. Early or late parenteral nutrition in critically ill adults [letter]. N Engl J Med 2011;365:1839; author reply 1841-1842.
[14]14. Bistrian BR. Early or late parenteral nutrition in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med 2011;365:1840-1842.

Sorted by citations

ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit.
Singer, P., Blaser, A. R., Berger, M. M., Alhazzani, W., Calder, P. C., Casaer, M. P., Hiesmayr, M., Mayer, K., Montejo, J. C., Pichard, C., et al. (2019) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.037 · Cited by 2,904 · see citing works
Self-citation
ICU-acquired weakness
Vanhorebeek, I., Latronico, N., & den Berghe, G. V. (2020) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-020-05944-4 · Cited by 768 · see citing works
Trial of the Route of Early Nutritional Support in Critically Ill Adults
Harvey, S. E., Parrott, F., Harrison, D. A., Bear, D. E., Segaran, E., Beale, R., Bellingan, G., Leonard, R., Mythen, M. G., & Rowan, K. M. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1409860 · Cited by 618 · see citing works
Post‐intensive care syndrome: its pathophysiology, prevention, and future directions
Inoue, S., Hatakeyama, J., Kondo, Y., Hifumi, T., Sakuramoto, H., Kawasaki, T., Taito, S., Nakamura, K., Unoki, T., Kawai, Y., et al. (2019) · Acute Medicine & Surgery · doi:10.1002/ams2.415 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
Metabolic and nutritional support of critically ill patients: consensus and controversies
Preiser, J.-C., van Zanten, A. R., Berger, M. M., Biolo, G., Casaer, M. P., Doig, G. S., Griffiths, R. D., Heyland, D. K., Hiesmayr, M., Iapichino, G., et al. (2015) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-015-0737-8 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Sick and the Weak: Neuropathies/Myopathies in the Critically Ill
Friedrich, O., Reid, M. B., den Berghe, G. V., Vanhorebeek, I., Hermans, G., Rich, M. M., & Larsson, L. (2015) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00028.2014 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Self-citation
Early high protein intake is associated with low mortality and energy overfeeding with high mortality in non-septic mechanically ventilated critically ill patients
Weijs, P. J., Looijaard, W. G., Beishuizen, A., Girbes, A. R., & Oudemans-van Straaten, H. M. (2014) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-014-0701-z · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Nutrition therapy and critical illness: practical guidance for the ICU, post-ICU, and long-term convalescence phases
van Zanten, A. R. H., Waele, E. D., & Wischmeyer, P. E. (2019) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-019-2657-5 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Central regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions
Fekete, C., & Lechan, R. M. (2014) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2013-1087 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Nutrition in the acute phase of critical illness
Casaer, M. P., & Van den Berghe, G. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1304623 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Self-citation
Non-Thyroidal Illness in the ICU: A Syndrome with Different Faces
Van den Berghe, G. (2014) · Thyroid® · doi:10.1089/thy.2014.0201 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Clinical Outcomes Related to Protein Delivery in a Critically Ill Population: A Multicenter, Multinational Observation Study
Nicolo, M., Heyland, D. K., Chittams, J., Sammarco, T., & Compher, C. (2016) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607115583675 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Greater protein and energy intake may be associated with improved mortality in higher risk critically ill patients: a multicenter, multinational observational study
Compher, C., Chittams, J., Sammarco, T., Nicolo, M., & Heyland, D. K. (2017) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000002083 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Low versus standard calorie and protein feeding in ventilated adults with shock: a randomised, controlled, multicentre, open-label, parallel-group trial (NUTRIREA-3).
Reignier, J., Plantefeve, G., Mira, J.-P., Argaud, L., Asfar, P., Aissaoui, N., Badie, J., Botoc, N.-V., Brisard, L., Bui, H.-N., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(23)00092-9 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
The intensive care medicine research agenda in nutrition and metabolism
Arabi, Y. M., Casaer, M. P., Chapman, M. J., Heyland, D. K., Ichaï, C., Marik, P. E., Martindale, R. G., McClave, S. A., Preiser, J., Reignier, J., et al. (2017) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-017-4711-6 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Self-citation
Intensive Nutrition in Acute Lung Injury: A Clinical Trial (INTACT)
Braunschweig, C. A., Sheean, P. M., Peterson, S. J., Gomez Perez, S., Freels, S., Lateef, O., Gurka, D., & Fantuzzi, G. (2015) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607114528541 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Timing of PROTein INtake and clinical outcomes of adult critically ill patients on prolonged mechanical VENTilation: The PROTINVENT retrospective study
Koekkoek, W. A. C. (., van Setten, C. H. (., Olthof, L. E., Kars, J. C. N. (., & van Zanten, A. R. H. (2019) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.02.012 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Effect of high versus standard protein provision on functional recovery in people with critical illness (PRECISe): an investigator-initiated, double-blinded, multicentre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial in Belgium and the Netherlands
Bels, J. L. M., Thiessen, S., van Gassel, R. J. J., Beishuizen, A., De Bie Dekker, A., Fraipont, V., Lamote, S., Ledoux, D., Scheeren, C., De Waele, E., et al. (2024) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01304-7 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citation
A guide to enteral nutrition in intensive care units: 10 expert tips for the daily practice
Preiser, J.-C., Arabi, Y. M., Berger, M. M., Casaer, M., McClave, S., Montejo-González, J. C., Peake, S., Reintam Blaser, A., Van den Berghe, G., van Zanten, A., et al. (2021) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-021-03847-4 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effect of early supplemental parenteral nutrition in the paediatric ICU: a preplanned observational study of post-randomisation treatments in the PEPaNIC trial
Vanhorebeek, I., Verbruggen, S. C. A. T., Casaer, M. P., Gunst, J., Wouters, P. J., Hanot, J., Guerra, G. G., Vlasselaers, D., Joosten, K., & den Berghe, G. V. (2017) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(17)30186-8 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citation
Feeding the Critically Ill Patient
McClave, S. A., Martindale, R. G., Rice, T. W., & Heyland, D. K. (2014) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000000654 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Adequate Nutrition May Get You Home
Yeh, D. D., Fuentes, E., Quraishi, S. A., Cropano, C. M., Kaafarani, H. M. A., Lee, J., King, D. R., DeMoya, M. A., Fagenholz, P. J., Butler, K. L., et al. (2015) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607115585142 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Clinical Nutrition in Critical Care Medicine – Guideline of the German Society for Nutritional Medicine (DGEM)
Elke, G., Hartl, W. H., Kreymann, K. G., Adolph, M., Felbinger, T. W., Graf, T., de Heer, G., Heller, A. R., Kampa, U., Mayer, K., et al. (2019) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.05.002 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Nutrition therapy in critical illness: a review of the literature for clinicians
Lambell, K., Tatucu-Babet, O. A., Chapple, L. S., Gantner, D. C., & Ridley, E. J. (2020) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-020-2739-4 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Nutrition in Sepsis: A Bench-to-Bedside Review.
De Waele, E., Malbrain, M. L. N. G., & Spapen, H. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12020395 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
The effect of higher versus lower protein delivery in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Lee, Z., Yap, C. S. L., Hasan, M. S., Engkasan, J. P., Yusof, B. N. M., Day, A. G., Patel, J. J., & Heyland, D. K. (2021) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-021-03693-4 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Hypocaloric compared with eucaloric nutritional support and its effect on infection rates in a surgical intensive care unit: a randomized controlled trial
Charles, E. J., Petroze, R. T., Metzger, R., Hranjec, T., Rosenberger, L. H., Riccio, L. M., McLeod, M. D., Guidry, C. A., Stukenborg, G. J., Swenson, B. R., et al. (2014) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.088609 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Nutrition support in hospitalised adults at nutritional risk
Feinberg, J. B., Nielsen, E. E., Korang, S. K., Engell, K. H., Nielsen, M. S., Zhang, K., Didriksen, M., Lund, L., Lindahl, N., Hallum, S., et al. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011598.pub2 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Adipose tissue protects against sepsis-induced muscle weakness in mice: from lipolysis to ketones
Goossens, C., Weckx, R., Derde, S., Dufour, T., Perre, S. V., Pauwels, L., Thiessen, S., Veldhoven, P. P. V., den Berghe, G. V., & Langouche, L. (2019) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-019-2506-6 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Association between early nutrition support and 28-day mortality in critically ill patients: the FRANS prospective nutrition cohort study
Pardo, E., Lescot, T., Preiser, J.-C., Massanet, P., Pons, A., Jaber, S., Fraipont, V., Levesque, E., Ichai, C., Petit, L., et al. (2023) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-022-04298-1 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Combining nutrition and exercise to optimize survival and recovery from critical illness: Conceptual and methodological issues
Heyland, D. K., Stapleton, R. D., Mourtzakis, M., Hough, C. L., Morris, P. E., Deutz, N. E. P., Colantuoni, E., Day, A. G., Prado, C. M. M., & Needham, D. M. (2015) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2015.07.003 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Nutritional Management of the Critically Ill Neonate
Moltu, S. J., Bronský, J., Embleton, N. D., Gerasimidis, K., Indrio, F., Köglmeier, J., de Koning, B., Lapillonne, A., Norsa, L., Verduci, E., et al. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000003076 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
On the Neuroendocrinopathy of Critical Illness. Perspectives for Feeding and Novel Treatments
den Berghe, G. V. (2016) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201607-1516ci · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Early versus late parenteral nutrition in critically ill, term neonates: a preplanned secondary subgroup analysis of the PEPaNIC multicentre, randomised controlled trial
van Puffelen, E., Vanhorebeek, I., Joosten, K. F. M., Wouters, P. J., den Berghe, G. V., & Verbruggen, S. C. A. T. (2018) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(18)30131-7 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citation
Proteins and amino acids are fundamental to optimal nutrition support in critically ill patients
Weijs, P. J. M., Cynober, L., DeLegge, M. H., Kreymann, G., Wernerman, J., & Wolfe, R. R. (2014) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-014-0591-0 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Post‐intensive care syndrome: Recent advances and future directions
Inoue, S., Nakanishi, N., Amaya, F., Fujinami, Y., Hatakeyama, J., Hifumi, T., Iida, Y., Kawakami, D., Kawai, Y., Kondo, Y., et al. (2024) · Acute Medicine & Surgery · doi:10.1002/ams2.929 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
A multicentre, randomised controlled trial comparing the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of early nutritional support via the parenteral versus the enteral route in critically ill patients (CALORIES)
Harvey, S. E., Parrott, F., Harrison, D. A., Sadique, Z., Grieve, R., Canter, R. R., McLennan, B. K., Tan, J. C., Bear, D. E., Segaran, E., et al. (2016) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta20280 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Nutrition in the intensive care unit: from the acute phase to beyond
de Man, A., Gunst, J., & Blaser, A. R. (2024) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-024-07458-9 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Metabolic support in the critically ill: a consensus of 19
Wernerman, J., Christopher, K. B., Annane, D., Casaer, M. P., Coopersmith, C. M., Deane, A. M., Waele, E. D., Elke, G., Ichaï, C., Karvellas, C. J., et al. (2019) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-019-2597-0 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citation
High-protein intake and early exercise in adult intensive care patients: a prospective, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact on functional outcomes
de Azevedo, J. R. A., Lima, H. C. M., Frota, P. H. D. B., Nogueira, I. R. O. M., Souza, S. C. D. C., Fernandes, E. A. A., & Cruz, A. M. D. S. (2021) · BMC Anesthesiology · doi:10.1186/s12871-021-01492-6 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Impact of withholding early parenteral nutrition completing enteral nutrition in pediatric critically ill patients (PEPaNIC trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Fivez, T., Kerklaan, D., Verbruggen, S. C. A. T., Vanhorebeek, I., Verstraete, S., Tibboel, D., Guerra, G. G., Wouters, P. J., Joffe, A. R., Joosten, K., et al. (2015) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0728-8 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citation
Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill Versus the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002: Are They Comparable for Assessing Risk of Malnutrition in Critically Ill Patients?
Canales, C., Elsayes, A., Yeh, D. D., Belcher, D. M., Nakayama, A., McCarthy, C. M., Chokengarmwong, N., & Quraishi, S. A. (2018) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpen.1181 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Toward nutrition improving outcome of critically ill patients: How to interpret recent feeding RCTs?
Gunst, J., Casaer, M. P., Preiser, J., Reignier, J., & den Berghe, G. V. (2023) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-023-04317-9 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citation
DGEM-Leitlinie: „Klinische Ernährung in der Intensivmedizin“
Elke, G., Hartl, W. H., Kreymann, K. G., Adolph, M., Felbinger, T. W., Graf, T., de Heer, G., Heller, A. R., Kampa, U., Mayer, K., et al. (2018) · Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin · doi:10.1055/a-0713-8179 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in burns, obesity, pregnancy, and general medicine
Malbrain, M. L. N. G., Keulenaer, B. L. D., Oda, J., laet, I. D., Waele, J. J. D., Roberts, D. J., Kirkpatrick, A. W., Kimball, E. J., & Ivatury, R. R. (2015) · Anestezjologia, Intensywna Terapia · doi:10.5603/ait.a2015.0021 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Impact of early nutrition and feeding route on outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients with shock: a post hoc marginal structural model study
Reignier, J., Darmon, M., Sonneville, R., Borel, A., Garrouste-Orgeas, M., Ruckly, S., Souweine, B., Dumenil, A.-S., Haouache, H., Adrie, C., et al. (2015) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-015-3730-4 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Early Administration of Protein in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Bendavid, I., Zusman, O., Kagan, I., Theilla, M., Cohen, J., & Singer, P. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11010106 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Glucose homeostasis, nutrition and infections during critical illness
Ingels, C., Vanhorebeek, I., & den Berghe, G. V. (2017) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2016.12.033 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Nutrition and Exercise in Critical Illness Trial (NEXIS Trial): a protocol of a multicentred, randomised controlled trial of combined cycle ergometry and amino acid supplementation commenced early during critical illness
Heyland, D. K., Day, A. G., Clarke, G., Hough, C. L., Files, D. C., Mourtzakis, M., Deutz, N. E. P., Needham, D. M., & Stapleton, R. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027893 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Supplemental parenteral nutrition versus usual care in critically ill adults: a pilot randomized controlled study
Ridley, E. J., Davies, A. R., Parke, R. L., Bailey, M., McArthur, C. J., Gillanders, L. K., Cooper, D. J., & McGuinness, S. (2018) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-018-1939-7 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Autophagy and Its Implications Against Early Full Nutrition Support in Critical Illness
Van Dyck, L., Casaer, M. P., & Gunst, J. (2018) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/ncp.10084 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citation
Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Rehabilitation in Critically Ill Patients 2023 (J-ReCIP 2023)
Unoki, T., Hayashida, K., Kawai, Y., Taito, S., Ando, M., Iida, Y., Kasai, F., Kawasaki, T., Kozu, R., Kondo, Y., et al. (2023) · Journal of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s40560-023-00697-w · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Effect of initial calorie intake via enteral nutrition in critical illness: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Tian, F., Wang, X., Gao, X., Wan, X., Wu, C., Zhang, L., Li, N., & Li, J. (2015) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-015-0902-0 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Feeding critically ill patients the right ‘whey’: thinking outside of the box. A personal view
Marik, P. E. (2015) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s13613-015-0051-2 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Energy, Protein, Carbohydrate, and Lipid Intakes and Their Effects on Morbidity and Mortality in Critically Ill Adult Patients: A Systematic Review
Patkova, A. R., Joskova, V., Havel, E., Kovařík, M., Kuchařová, M., Zadák, Z., & Hronek, M. (2017) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.117.015172 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Outcomes of Delaying Parenteral Nutrition for 1 Week vs Initiation Within 24 Hours Among Undernourished Children in Pediatric Intensive Care
van Puffelen, E., Hulst, J. M., Vanhorebeek, I., Dulfer, K., den Berghe, G. V., Verbruggen, S. C. A. T., & Joosten, K. (2018) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2668 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The Effect of Higher Protein Dosing in Critically Ill Patients: A Multicenter Registry‐Based Randomized Trial: The EFFORT Trial
Heyland, D. K., Patel, J. J., Bear, D. E., Sacks, G. S., Nixdorf, H., Dolan, J., Aloupis, M., Licastro, K., Jovanović, V., Rice, T. W., et al. (2018) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpen.1449 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Protein intake and outcome of critically ill patients: analysis of a large international database using piece-wise exponential additive mixed models
Hartl, W. H., Kopper, P., Bender, A., Scheipl, F., Day, A. G., Elke, G., & Küchenhoff, H. (2022) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-021-03870-5 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in pancreatitis, paediatrics, and trauma
Waele, J. J. D., Ejike, J. C., Leppäniemi, A. K., Keulenaer, B. L. D., laet, I. D., Kirkpatrick, A. W., Roberts, D. J., Kimball, E. J., Ivatury, R. R., & Malbrain, M. L. N. G. (2015) · Anestezjologia, Intensywna Terapia · doi:10.5603/ait.a2015.0027 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Early high protein intake and mortality in critically ill ICU patients with low skeletal muscle area and -density
Looijaard, W. G. P. M., Dekker, I. M., Beishuizen, A., Girbes, A. R. J., Straaten, H. M. O., & Weijs, P. J. M. (2019) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.09.007 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Ultrasound assessment of rectus femoris and anterior tibialis muscles in young trauma patients
Annetta, M. G., Pittiruti, M., Silvestri, D., Grieco, D. L., Maccaglia, A., la Torre, M. F., Magarelli, N., Mercurio, G., Caricato, A., & Antonelli, M. M. (2017) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s13613-017-0326-x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Enteral Nutrition in the Critically Ill: Myths and Misconceptions
Marik, P. (2014) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000000051 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Role of timing and dose of energy received in patients with acute lung injury on mortality in the Intensive Nutrition in Acute Lung Injury Trial (INTACT): a post hoc analysis ,
Braunschweig, C. L., Freels, S. A., Sheean, P., Peterson, S. J., Gomez‐Perez, S. L., McKeever, L., Lateef, O., Gurka, D. P., & Fantuzzi, G. (2016) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.140764 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Catabolism in Critical Illness: A Reanalysis of the REducing Deaths due to OXidative Stress (REDOXS) Trial*
Haines, R. W., Fowler, A. J., Wan, Y. I., Flower, L., Heyland, D. K., Day, A., Pearse, R. M., Prowle, J. R., & Puthucheary, Z. (2022) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000005499 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Nutrition support for critically ill patients
Al‐Dorzi, H. M., & Arabi, Y. M. (2021) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpen.2228 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Determining energy requirements in the ICU
Guttormsen, A. B., & Pichard, C. (2014) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000028 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Nutrition in the ICU
Desai, S. V., McClave, S. A., & Rice, T. W. (2014) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.13-1158 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Towards a fasting-mimicking diet for critically ill patients: the pilot randomized crossover ICU-FM-1 study
Dyck, L. V., Vanhorebeek, I., Wilmer, A. P., Schrijvers, A., Derese, I., Mebis, L., Wouters, P. J., den Berghe, G. V., Gunst, J., & Casaer, M. P. (2020) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-020-02987-3 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citation
Timing of (supplemental) parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients: a systematic review
Bost, R. B., Tjan, D., & van Zanten, A. V. (2014) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s13613-014-0031-y · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Blood glucose control in the ICU: don’t throw out the baby with the bathwater!
Gunst, J., & den Berghe, G. V. (2016) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-016-4350-3 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Fundamental determinants of protein requirements in the ICU
Weijs, P. J. M. (2014) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000029 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Relationship of energy and protein adequacy with 60-day mortality in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: A prospective observational study
Lee, Z., Airini, I. N., & Yusof, B. N. M. (2017) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2017.05.013 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Nutritional Support in the ICU
Reignier, J., Rice, T. W., Arabi, Y. M., & Casaer, M. P. (2025) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-077979 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citation
Nutrition in the critically ill patient
Koekkoek, K. W. A. C., & van Zanten, A. R. H. (2017) · Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aco.0000000000000441 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Amino acid supplements in critically ill patients
Gunst, J., Vanhorebeek, I., Thiessen, S., & den Berghe, G. V. (2017) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.007 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Management of Parenteral Nutrition in Hospitalized Adult Patients
Mundi, M. S., Nystrom, E. M., Hurley, D. L., & McMahon, M. M. (2016) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607116667060 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Controversies Surrounding Critical Care Nutrition: An Appraisal of Permissive Underfeeding, Protein, and Outcomes
Patel, J. J., Martindale, R. G., & McClave, S. A. (2017) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607117721908 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Should We Prescribe More Protein to Critically Ill Patients?
Heyland, D. K., Stapleton, R., & Compher, C. W. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10040462 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Association of protein intake with the outcomes of critically ill patients: a post hoc analysis of the PermiT trial
Arabi, Y. M., Al‐Dorzi, H. M., Mehta, S., Tamim, H., Haddad, S. H., Jones, G., McIntyre, L., Solaiman, O., Sakkijha, M. H., Sadat, M., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy189 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Critical Care Management of Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia
Vanhorebeek, I., Gunst, J., & den Berghe, G. V. (2018) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-018-0988-2 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
How to avoid harm with feeding critically ill patients: a synthesis of viewpoints of a basic scientist, dietitian and intensivist
Blaser, A. R., Rooyackers, O., & Bear, D. E. (2023) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-023-04543-1 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Nutrition in the ICU: new trends versus old-fashioned standard enteral feeding?
Koekkoek, K. W. A. C., & van Zanten, A. R. H. (2018) · Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aco.0000000000000571 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Endogenous Glucose Production in Critical Illness
Al‐Yousif, N., Rawal, S., Jurczak, M. J., Mahmud, H., & Shah, F. A. (2021) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/ncp.10646 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Nutrition in the Acute Phase of Critical Illness
Moss, J., & Patel, P. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc1404896 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Preservation of autophagy should not direct nutritional therapy
McClave, S. A., & Weijs, P. J. M. (2015) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000144 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Critical Care Nutrition: Where's the Evidence?
Patel, J. J., Hurt, R., McClave, S., & Martindale, R. (2017) · Critical care clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2016.12.006 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Nutritional support in critical illness and recovery
Casaer, M. P., & Ziegler, T. R. (2015) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00222-3 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citation
Muscle weakness and nutrition therapy in ICU
Casaer, M. P. (2015) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000150 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citation
Daily Protein Intake and Patient Outcomes in Severe Acute Kidney Injury: Findings of the Randomized Evaluation of Normal versus Augmented Level of Replacement Therapy (RENAL) Trial
Bellomo, R., Cass, A., Cole, L., Finfer, S. R., Gallagher, M., Lee, J., Lo, S., McArthur, C. J., McGuinness, S., Norton, R., et al. (2014) · Blood Purification · doi:10.1159/000363175 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Our Scientific Journey through the Ups and Downs of Blood Glucose Control in the ICU
den Berghe, G. V., Vanhorebeek, I., Langouche, L., & Gunst, J. (2023) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202309-1696so · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Intermittent or continuous feeding: any difference during the first week?
Dyck, L. V., & Casaer, M. P. (2019) · Current Opinion in Critical Care · doi:10.1097/mcc.0000000000000617 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of a preoperative immune-modulating diet in patients with esophageal cancer: a prospective parallel group randomized study
Kitagawa, H., Namikawa, T., Yatabe, T., Munekage, M., Yamasaki, F., Kobayashi, M., & Hanazaki, K. (2017) · Langenbeck s Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00423-016-1538-5 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Nutritional support in the recovery phase of critically ill children
Joosten, K., Eveleens, R. D., & Verbruggen, S. C. A. T. (2018) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000549 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Muscle weakness after critical illness: unravelling biological mechanisms and clinical hurdles
Pierre, A., Favory, R., Bourel, C., Howsam, M., Romien, R., Lancel, S., & Préau, S. (2025) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-025-05462-z · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The role of dietitians in critical care
Terblanche, E. (2018) · Journal of the Intensive Care Society · doi:10.1177/1751143718774715 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Point-of-care ultrasound to evaluate thickness of rectus femoris, vastus intermedius muscle, and fat as an indicator of muscle and fat wasting in critically ill patients in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit
Katari, Y., Muneer, S., & Arvind, P. (2018) · Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.4103/ijccm.ijccm_394_18 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Review of evolution and current status of protein requirements and provision in acute illness and critical care.
de Waele, E., Jakubowski, J. R., Stocker, R., & Wischmeyer, P. (2020) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.032 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Enhanced Protein‐Energy Provision via the Enteral Route in Critically Ill Patients (PEP uP Protocol)
Lee, Z., Yusof, B. N. M., Airini, I. N., & Heyland, D. K. (2015) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1177/0884533615601638 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Evaluation of the effect of high protein supply on diaphragm atrophy in critically ill patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation
Zhang, Q., Zhou, J., Zhu, D., & Zhou, S. (2021) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/ncp.10672 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Protein metabolism and requirements in the ICU
Singer, P. (2020) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.03.026 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Effect of early supplemental parenteral nutrition in the paediatric ICU: a preplanned observational study of post-randomisation treatments in the PEPaNIC trial
Vanhorebeek, I., Verbruggen, S. C. A. T., Casaer, M. P., Gunst, J., Wouters, P. J., Hanot, J., Guerra, G. G., Vlasselaers, D., Joosten, K., & den Berghe, G. V. (2017) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(17)30186-8 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citation
Impact of early parenteral nutrition completing enteral nutrition in adult critically ill patients (EPaNIC trial): a study protocol and statistical analysis plan for a randomized controlled trial
Casaer, M. P., Hermans, G., Wilmer, A. P., & den Berghe, G. V. (2011) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-12-21 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citation
The role of parenteral nutrition in paediatric critical care, and its consequences on recovery
Eveleens, R., Verbruggen, S., & Joosten, K. (2020) · Pediatric Medicine · doi:10.21037/pm-20-88 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Impact of early parenteral nutrition to completing enteral nutrition in adult critically ill patients (EPaNIC trial)
Casaer, M. P., Mesotten, D., Hermans, G., Wouters, P. J., Schetz, M., Meyfroidt, G., Cromphaut, S. J. V., Ingels, C., Meersseman, P., Müller, J., et al. (2012) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Early Versus Late Parenteral Nutrition in the Critically Ill: The EPANIC Trial
Chacko, J., Chalfin, D. B., Seppelt, I., Pawar, S., & Brar, G. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-0673-6_56

Authors: Casaer, M. P., Wilmer, A., Hermans, G., Wouters, P. J., Mesotten, D., & Van den Berghe, G.
Affiliations: Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven (BE)
KU Leuven (BE)
Laboratory and Department of Intensive Care Medicine and
Corresponding author: Casaer, Michael P.
ORCID: Casaer, Michael P.
Wilmer, Alexander
Hermans, Greet
Mesotten, Dieter
Venue: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2013-02-01
Volume: 187
Issue: 3
Pages: 247-255
ISSN: 1073-449X (ISSN-L)
1535-4970
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201206-0999oc
OpenAlex: W1840057839
Semantic Scholar: 37a3fd62d1564a467a4fe20b913801329a33e0e8
Cited by: 307
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 9
FWCI: 17.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
lirias.kuleuven.be
Licence: other-oa
academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights (vor)
Locations: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: European Commission
Vlaamse regering
FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (321670)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Enhanced Recovery After Surgery
Keywords: early parenteral nutrition, critical illness, glucose supplementation, enteral nutrition, intensive care unit discharge, infection acquisition, disease severity
MeSH terms: Aged, Belgium, Energy Intake, Critical Care, Cross Infection, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Proteins, Enteral Nutrition, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Length of Stay, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Parenteral Nutrition, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors, Cohort Studies, Causality, Odds Ratio, Critical Illness, Dietary Supplements, Kaplan-Meier Estimate

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Role of Disease and Macronutrient Dose in the Randomized Controlled EPaNIC Trial

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks