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A review of visual memory capacity: Beyond individual items and toward structured representations
Open accessAbstract
Traditional memory research has focused on identifying separate memory systems and exploring different stages of memory processing. This approach has been valuable for establishing a taxonomy of memory systems and characterizing their function but has been less informative about the nature of stored memory representations. Recent research on visual memory has shifted toward a representation-based emphasis, focusing on the contents of memory and attempting to determine the format and structure of remembered information. The main thesis of this review will be that one cannot fully understand memory systems or memory processes without also determining the nature of memory representations. Nowhere is this connection more obvious than in research that attempts to measure the capacity of visual memory. We will review research on the capacity of visual working memory and visual long-term memory, highlighting recent work that emphasizes the contents of memory. This focus impacts not only how we estimate the capacity of the system--going beyond quantifying how many items can be remembered and moving toward structured representations--but how we model memory systems and memory processes.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Brady, T. F., Konkle, T., & Alvarez, G. A.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Vision
- Published
- 2011-05-26
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 4-4
- ISSN
- 1534-7362 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3405498
- OpenAlex
- W2065808876
- Cited by
- 556
- References
- 226
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 15.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Vision (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R03MH086743)
- National Eye Institute (T32EY013935)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- visual working memory, visual long-term memory, memory capacity, memory representation, structured representations, memory systems, memory processes, memory content
- MeSH terms
- Cognition, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Visual Perception, Memory, Long-Term
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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