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The Mind and Brain of Short-Term Memory
Open accessAbstract
The past 10 years have brought near-revolutionary changes in psychological theories about short-term memory, with similarly great advances in the neurosciences. Here, we critically examine the major psychological theories (the “mind”) of short-term memory and how they relate to evidence about underlying brain mechanisms. We focus on three features that must be addressed by any satisfactory theory of short-term memory. First, we examine the evidence for the architecture of short-term memory, with special attention to questions of capacity and how—or whether—short-term memory can be separated from long-term memory. Second, we ask how the components of that architecture enact processes of encoding, maintenance, and retrieval. Third, we describe the debate over the reason about forgetting from short-term memory, whether interference or decay is the cause. We close with a conceptual model tracing the representation of a single item through a short-term memory task, describing the biological mechanisms that might support psychological processes on a moment-by-moment basis as an item is encoded, maintained over a delay with some forgetting, and ultimately retrieved.
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A neural circuit that subserves working memory should be resistant to intervening external distractors during the delay.
“a neural circuit that subserves WM should be resistant to intervening external distractors during the delay (Jonides et al. 2008).”
From Linking microcircuit dysfunction to cognitive impairment: Effects of disinhibition associated with schizophrenia in a cortical working memory model (2014) · cites this paper as Jonides et al. 2008
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Processes of Working Memory in Mind and Brain
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Self-citationForgetting to Remember: The Functional Relationship of Decay and Interference
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Self-citationMore than working memory rides on long-term memory
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The cognitive benefits of interacting with nature.
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Self-citationThe role of default network deactivation in cognition and disease
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The Distributed Nature of Working Memory
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Topographic mapping of a hierarchy of temporal receptive windows using a narrated story
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Self-citationThe impact of anxiety upon cognition: perspectives from human threat of shock studies
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Self-citationA review of visual memory capacity: Beyond individual items and toward structured representations
Brady, T. F., Konkle, T., & Alvarez, G. A. (2011) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/11.5.4 · Cited by 556
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Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Shah, P., & Jonides, J. (2014) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-013-0364-z · Cited by 432
Self-citationEvent boundaries in perception affect memory encoding and updating
Swallow, K. M., Zacks, J. M., & Abrams, R. A. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/a0015631 · Cited by 382
Ranganath, C. (2010) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20852 · Cited by 375
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Stahl, C., Voss, A., Schmitz, F., Nuszbaum, M., Tüscher, O., Lieb, K., & Klauer, K. C. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/a0033981 · Cited by 319
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Neuronal effects following working memory training.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Jonides, J., Lewis, R. L., Nee, D. E., Lustig, C. A., Berman, M. G., & Moore, K. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2008-01-01
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 193-224
- ISSN
- 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2085
- PMC
- PMC3971378
- OpenAlex
- W2133804059
- Cited by
- 957
- References
- 185
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 90 · 2013: 84 · 2012: 61
- FWCI
- 2.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH060655)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- short-term memory, memory architecture, memory capacity, long-term memory, encoding, maintenance, retrieval, forgetting, interference, decay, neural mechanisms of memory
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Brain, Cognition, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Neural Pathways, Psychological Theory, Psychophysiology, Retention, Psychology, Time Factors
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