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Energy expenditure, sex, and endogenous fuel availability in humans
Open accessAbstract
Adipose tissue lipolysis supplies circulating FFAs, which largely meet lipid fuel needs; however, excess FFAs, can contribute to the adverse health consequences of obesity. Because "normal" FFA release has not been well defined, average (mean of 4 days) basal FFA release and its potential regulation factors were measured in 50 lean and obese adults (25 women). Resting energy expenditure (REE), but not body composition, predicted most of the interindividual variation in FFA release. There was a significant, positive linear relationship between palmitate release and REE; however, women released approximately 40% more FFA than men relative to REE. Neither plasma palmitate concentrations nor respiratory quotient by indirect calorimetry differed between men and women. Glucose release rates were not different in men and women whether related to REE or fat free mass. These findings indicate that nonoxidative FFA clearance is greater in women than in men. This could be an advantage at times of increased fuel needs. We conclude that "normal" adipose tissue lipolysis is different in men and women and that the fuel export role of adipose tissue in obesity will need to be reassessed.
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“Physical activity increases energy expenditure and alters substrate utilization based on the intensity and duration (32, 160).”
From Sex differences in the metabolism of glucose and fatty acids by adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in humans (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
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“Systemic FFA release rates relative to REE are ~40% greater in women than men (32, 71)”
From Sex differences in the metabolism of glucose and fatty acids by adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in humans (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
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“however plasma FFA concentrations are only ~10% greater in women”
From Sex differences in the metabolism of glucose and fatty acids by adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in humans (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
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“Endogenous glucose production rates are linearly related to FFM, and the relationship is not different between men and women (32, 71).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Nielsen, S., Guo, Z., Albu, J. B., Klein, S., O’Brien, P. C., & Jensen, M. D.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jensen, Michael D.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 2003-04-01
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 981-988
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC152581
- OpenAlex
- W2058262736
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
- Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsråd
- U.S. Public Health Service (DK-40484, DK-50456)
- Medical Research Council
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 40484, P30DK050456, DK50456, DK37948, R37DK040484, R01DK037948, R01DK040484)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 0585, M01RR000585)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- resting energy expenditure, adipose tissue lipolysis, free fatty acid release, sex differences, obesity, palmitate, glucose release, respiratory quotient, fat-free mass
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Basal Metabolism, Body Composition, Calorimetry, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Female, Glucose, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Sex Factors, Time Factors, Multivariate Analysis, Palmitic Acid
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