Blocking microglial activation of reactive astrocytes is neuroprotective in models of Alzheimer’s disease
Open accessAbstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of age-related dementia. Increasing evidence suggests that neuroinflammation mediated by microglia and astrocytes contributes to disease progression and severity in AD and other neurodegenerative disorders. During AD progression, resident microglia undergo proinflammatory activation, resulting in an increased capacity to convert resting astrocytes to reactive astrocytes. Therefore, microglia are a major therapeutic target for AD and blocking microglia-astrocyte activation could limit neurodegeneration in AD. Here we report that NLY01, an engineered exedin-4, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, selectively blocks β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced activation of microglia through GLP-1R activation and inhibits the formation of reactive astrocytes as well as preserves neurons in AD models. In two transgenic AD mouse models (5xFAD and 3xTg-AD), repeated subcutaneous administration of NLY01 blocked microglia-mediated reactive astrocyte conversion and preserved neuronal viability, resulting in improved spatial learning and memory. Our study indicates that the GLP-1 pathway plays a critical role in microglia-reactive astrocyte associated neuroinflammation in AD and the effects of NLY01 are primarily mediated through a direct action on Aβ-induced GLP-1R+ microglia, contributing to the inhibition of astrocyte reactivity. These results show that targeting upregulated GLP-1R in microglia is a viable therapy for AD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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NLY01 inhibits Aβ-induced microglial activation via microglial GLP-1R, resulting in reduced reactive astrocyte conversion in both 5xFAD and 3xTg-AD mice.
“GLP-1R agonist, NLY01, inhibits Aβ-induced microglial activation via microglial GLP-1R, resulting in reduced reactive astrocyte conversion in both 5xFAD and 3xTg-AD mice.”
From Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [607]
GLP-1 receptor agonists are involved in multiple biological pathways that could be beneficial in Alzheimer's disease including improvement of blood-brain barrier integrity and vascular health, promotion of homeostasis in microglia and astrocytes, positive effects on adaptive immune cells, improvement of synaptic viability, and neuroprotection.
“They are involved in multiple biological pathways that could be beneficial in AD including improvement of BBB integrity and vascular health, promotion of homeostasis in microglia and astrocytes, positive effects on adaptative immune cells (including natural killer cells and activated regulatory T cells), improvement of synaptic viability, and neuroprotection [17–26].”
Preclinical results in murine models treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists suggest that the potential effects of semaglutide in Alzheimer's disease may be exerted via impact on several Alzheimer's disease-related pathophysiologic processes including neuroinflammatory pathways, vascular and blood-brain barrier integrity, reduced synaptic loss, and neuroprotection.
“Preclinical results in murine models treated with GLP-1RAs suggest that the potential effects of semaglutide in AD may be exerted via impact on several AD-related pathophysiologic processes including neuroinflammatory pathways, vascular and BBB integrity, reduced synaptic loss, and neuroprotection [19, 21, 23–26, 46–48];”
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Semaglutide Ameliorates Diabetic Neuropathic Pain by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation in the Spinal Cord
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Role of astrocytes in sleep deprivation: accomplices, resisters, or bystanders?
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Glial polarization in neurological diseases: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities
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GLP-1 Analogs, SGLT-2, and DPP-4 Inhibitors: A Triad of Hope for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy
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Mast cell deficiency improves cognition and enhances disease-associated microglia in 5XFAD mice
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The promise of GLP-1 receptor agonists for neurodegenerative diseases
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Alzheimer’s-Like Pathology at the Crossroads of HIV-Associated Neurological Disorders
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Pathologic and clinical correlates of region-specific brain GFAP in Alzheimer’s disease
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Myeloid cells in retinal and brain degeneration
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The rise of astrocytes: are they guardians or troublemakers of the brain disorder?
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Self-citationRecent advances in preventing neurodegenerative diseases
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Self-citationWhy to Study Peptides from Venomous and Poisonous Animals?
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The Role of Astrocytes and Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption in Alzheimer’s Disease
Cruz, J. V. R., Batista, C., Diniz, L., & Mendes, F. (2023) · Neuroglia · doi:10.3390/neuroglia4030015 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
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GLP-1/Sigma/RAGE receptors: An evolving picture of Alzheimer's disease pathology and treatment
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The Role of Astrocytes and Alpha-Synuclein in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review
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Molecular mechanisms implicated in protein changes in the Alzheimer’s disease human hippocampus
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Brain Imaging of the GLP-1 Receptor in Obesity Using 68Ga-NODAGA-Exendin-4 PET
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Prospects of antidiabetic drugs in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease
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Astrocytes and Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: Friends, Foes, or Both?
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The Influence of the Gut Microbiota on Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review
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Glial cell crosstalk in Parkinson's disease: Mechanisms, implications, and therapeutic strategies
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Refining the interactions between microglia and astrocytes in Alzheimer’s disease pathology
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Altered circadian behavior and light sensing in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease
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A genetic tool for the longitudinal study of a subset of post-inflammatory reactive astrocytes
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- Authors
- Park, J.-S., Kam, T.-I., Lee, S., Park, H., Oh, Y., Kwon, S.-H., Song, J.-J., Kim, D., Kim, H., Jhaldiyal, A., Na, D. H., Lee, K. C., Park, E. J., Pomper, M. G., Pletnikova, O., Troncoso, J. C., Ko, H. S., Dawson, V. L., Dawson, T. M., & Lee, S.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Chung-Ang University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Saebom
- Lee, Seulki
- ORCID
- Venue
- Acta Neuropathologica Communications
- Published
- 2021-04-26
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 78-78
- ISSN
- 2051-5960 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8074239
- OpenAlex
- W3157204291
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 11
- FWCI
- 11.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Acta Neuropathologica Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Edward N. and Della L. Thome Memorial Foundation
- Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund (2018-MSCRFD-4338)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS38377, NS107404)
- JPB Foundation
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, microglial activation, reactive astrocytes, neuroinflammation, GLP-1 receptor agonists, exenatide, amyloid-beta, astrocyte-microglia interaction, neuroprotection, 5xFAD mice, 3xTg-AD mice, spatial learning and memory, neurodegeneration
- MeSH terms
- Neuroprotection, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor, Exenatide, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Astrocytes, Cells, Cultured, Humans, Male, Mice, Transgenic, Peptide Fragments, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Microglia, Neuroprotective Agents, Maze Learning, Mice
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