The DOI matches its Crossref record; 84 of the 84 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A neurobiological basis of social attachment.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Although an inability to form normal social attachments characterizes many forms of psychopathology, there has been little study of the neural basis of social bond formation. The primary purpose of this article is to describe a novel approach to the neurobiology of attachment. METHOD: The author reviews animal research on two closely related neuropeptides, oxytocin and vasopressin, implicated in the central mediation of attachment behaviors. These neuropeptides appear to be important for the initiation of pair bonds and parental behaviors as well as the infant's response to social separation. RESULTS: Both cellular and molecular studies have begun to reveal the mechanisms by which oxytocin and vasopressin neural pathways are regulated, leading to a preliminary understanding of how these hormones act within the brain to influence complex social behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Although their function in the human brain has yet to be demonstrated, the available evidence suggests that oxytocin and vasopressin may prove to be important in the pathophysiology of clinical disorders, such as autism, characterized by an inability to form normal social attachments.
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In the citing paper
“In contrast, relationship discord has been found to be the most frequent cause of emotional distress [19]”
From Could intranasal oxytocin be used to enhance relationships? Research imperatives, clinical policy, and ethical considerations (2013) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Research has repeatedly implicated the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) as one of the key hormones involved in parent-infant bonding in mammals, as well as in a range of social and affiliative behaviors (3–7).”
From Oxytocin and the development of parenting in humans (2010) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“For instance, hypothalamic lesions block the initiation, but not the maintenance, of maternal behaviors in rats (18), suggesting that OXT may specifically facilitate the transition from avoidance of pups to caring for them (19,20).”
From Dissecting the Role of Oxytocin in the Formation and Loss of Social Relationships (2016) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Similarly, pre-existing ‘primers’ are necessary to induce oxytocin-facilitated social bonding in monogamous Prairie voles, and, depending on the study designs, these primers can be gonadal hormones (e.g. estrogen), mating behaviors, or prolonged pre-exposure to a former stranger (for an early review, (Insel, 1997)).”
From Approaching the biology of human parental attachment: Brain imaging, oxytocin and coordinated assessments of mothers and fathers (2014) · cites this paper as Insel, 1997
Citations
Cites
Attachment and Loss. Vol. 1. Attachment
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A role for central vasopressin in pair bonding in monogamous prairie voles
Winslow, J. T., Hastings, N., Carter, C. S., Harbaugh, C. R., & Insel, T. R. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/365545a0 · Cited by 948
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Oxytocin receptor distribution reflects social organization in monogamous and polygamous voles
Insel, T. R., & Shapiro, L. E. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.13.5981 · Cited by 833
Oxytocin is required for nursing but is not essential for parturition or reproductive behavior.
Nishimori, K., Young, L. J., Guo, Q., Wang, Z., Insel, T. R., & Matzuk, M. M. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.21.11699 · Cited by 734
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight.
Taylor, S. E., Klein, L. C., Lewis, B. P., Gruenewald, T. L., Gurung, R. A. R., & Updegraff, J. A. (2000) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.107.3.411 · Cited by 3,308
Adolescence: A foundation for future health
Sawyer, S. M., Afifi, R. A., Bearinger, L. H., Blakemore, S.-J., Dick, B., Ezeh, A. C., & Patton, G. C. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60072-5 · Cited by 2,635
Heinrichs, M., Baumgartner, T., Kirschbaum, C., & Ehlert, U. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00465-7 · Cited by 2,091
Neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love
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Psychobiology and molecular genetics of resilience
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Metadata
- Authors
- Insel, T. R.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Thomas R. Insel
- ORCID
- Thomas R. Insel
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 1997-06-01
- Volume
- 154
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 726-735
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W1717145785
- Cited by
- 553
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 4.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Keywords
- social attachment, neurobiology of attachment, oxytocin, vasopressin, pair bonding, parental behavior, social separation, autism spectrum disorder, neuropeptides
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arginine Vasopressin, Behavior, Animal, Arvicolinae, Female, Humans, Male, Maternal Behavior, Oxytocin, Pair Bond, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Social Behavior, Vasopressins, Receptors, Vasopressin, Receptors, Oxytocin
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