Induction of maternal behavior in virgin rats after intracerebroventricular administration of oxytocin

Pedersen, Cort A.; Prange, Arthur J.

doi:10.1073/pnas.76.12.6661

Cited by 841Neuroendocrine regulation and behaviorNeuropeptides and Animal PhysiologyHypothalamic control of reproductive hormones

Induction of maternal behavior in virgin rats after intracerebroventricular administration of oxytocin

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Pedersen, Cort A., Prange, Arthur J.·1979·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.76.12.6661PMC PMC411928

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Abstract

Oxytocin produces uterine contractions and milk ejection, functions related to parturition and nuturing. Studies were conducted to determine if this peptide, native to the brain and the posterior pituitary gland, plays a role in the induction of maternal behavior. Intact virgin female rats were given 0.4 μg of oxytocin, 0.4 μg of [Arg 8 ]vasopressin, or saline through lateral ventricular cannulae. Forty-two percent of intact rats receiving oxytocin displayed full maternal behavior towards foster pups. None of the saline- or vasopressin-treated animals displayed full maternal behavior. Criteria in five behavioral categories had to be fulfilled by an animal within 2 hr of injection for its behavior to be considered fully maternal. When partial maternal responses were considered, oxytocin was significantly more effective than saline and marginally more effective than vasopressin. Five animals responding fully maternally after oxytocin injection were allowed to stay with pups for 10 days. All five continued to display full maternal behavior during this time. Nearly all animals that responded fully maternally to oxytocin injection were in the last day of diestrus or in proestrus or estrus. This suggested that elevated or recently elevated levels of estrogen may be necessary for the induction of full maternal behavior by oxytocin. Twenty-seven virgin female rats were ovariectomized and given either 100 μg of estradiol benzoate per kg in oil subcutaneously or oil alone immediately after operation. Forty-eight hours later, all animals received 0.4 μg of oxytocin intracerebroventricularly. Eleven of 13 estrogen-primed animals became fully maternal; none of 14 nonprimed animals became fully maternal.

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Authors: Pedersen, C. A., & Prange, A. J.
Affiliations: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
ORCID: Pedersen, Cort A.
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 1979-12
Volume: 76
Issue: 12
Pages: 6661-6665
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.76.12.6661
PMC: PMC411928
OpenAlex: W2029315800
Cited by: 841
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 10.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Keywords: oxytocin, maternal behavior, virgin female rats, intracerebroventricular administration, vasopressin, estrogen, estradiol benzoate, ovariectomy, estrous cycle, childbirth, milk ejection
MeSH terms: Animals, Arginine Vasopressin, Drug Synergism, Estrogens, Estrus, Female, Injections, Intraventricular, Maternal Behavior, Oxytocin, Pregnancy, Rats

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Induction of maternal behavior in virgin rats after intracerebroventricular administration of oxytocin

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