Cited by 768Health Policy Implementation SciencePsychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsPsychiatric care and mental health services

Effectiveness, Transportability, and Dissemination of Interventions: What Matters When?

Schoenwald, Sonja K., Hoagwood, Kimberly·2001·Psychiatric Services

Abstract

The authors identify and define key aspects of the progression from research on the efficacy of a new intervention to its dissemination. They highlight the role of transportability questions that arise in that progression and illustrate key conceptual and design features that differentiate efficacy, effectiveness, and dissemination research. An ongoing study of the transportability of multisystemic therapy is used to illustrate independent and interdependent aspects of effectiveness, transportability, and dissemination studies. Variables relevant to the progression from treatment efficacy to dissemination include features of the intervention itself as well as variables pertaining to the practitioner, client, model of service delivery, organization, and service system. The authors provide examples of how some of these variables are relevant to the transportability of different types of interventions. They also discuss sample research questions, study designs, and challenges to be anticipated in the arena of transportability research.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1176/appi.ps.52.9.1190

Cites

24 of 24 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Contextual factors are key in implementation research.

    “Typically viewed as ‘nuisance’ variance to be controlled in efficacy and effectiveness research, contextual factors are key in implementation research [65-67].”
  • Interventions are rarely implemented without being modified.

    “Investigators should also make plans to document any modifications to the intervention and, if possible, incorporate adaptation models to the implementation process, because interventions are rarely implemented without being modified [67,106].”

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Schoenwald, S. K., & Hoagwood, K.
Affiliations
Medical University of South Carolina (US)
Venue
Psychiatric Services
Published
2001-09
Volume
52
Issue
9
Pages
1190-1197
ISSN
  • 0022-1597 (ISSN-L)
  • 1075-2730
  • 1557-9700
OpenAlex
W2152150569
Cited by
763
References
24
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 54 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 46
FWCI
60.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Psychiatric Services (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Annie E. Casey Foundation
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Mental Health (MH 59138, R01MH059138)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
Keywords
transportability, intervention dissemination, effectiveness research, efficacy research, multisystemic therapy, treatment dissemination, research design, service delivery models, organizational factors, client factors, service systems
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Child, Child Health Services, Diffusion of Innovation, Humans, Mental Health Services, United States, Adolescent Health Services, Evidence-Based Medicine

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review