The DOI matches its Crossref record; 67 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Reliability Generalization of Scores on the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
Abstract
A reliability generalization study for Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was conducted. A total of 816 research articles utilizing the STAI between 1990 and 2000 were reviewed and classified as having (a) ignored reliability (73%), (b) mentioned reliability or reported reliability coefficients from another source (21%), or (c) computed reliability for the data at hand (6%). Articles in medically oriented journals were shorter and somewhat less likely to mention or compute reliability than nonmedically oriented articles, perhaps due to paradigm differences. Average reliability coefficients were acceptable for both internal consistency and test-retest, but variation was present among the estimates. State test-retest coefficients were lower than internal consistency coefficients. Score variability was predictive of internal consistency reliability for scores on both scales. Other predictors were the age of research participants, the form of the STAI, and the type of research design.
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“Problems with this style of assessment were shown in Barnes etal. (2002) reliability investigation of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Gaudry etal., 1975), which found a test-retest correlation ranging from 0.82 to 0.94 for trait anxiety, and 0.34 to 0.96 for state anxiety.”
From Investigating state and trait aspects of resilience using Generalizability theory (2024) · cites this paper as Barnes et al., 2002
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Low, A. D., Yu, Y., Sim, L. W., Bureau, J. F., Tan, N. C., Chen, H., Yang, Y., Cheon, B. K., Lee, K., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26592572
Low, A. D., Yu, Y., Sim, L. W., Bureau, J. F., Tan, N. C., Chen, H., Yang, Y., Cheon, B. K., Lee, K., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26592584
Low, A. D., Yu, Y., Sim, L. W., Bureau, J. F., Tan, N. C., Chen, H., Yang, Y., Cheon, B. K., Lee, K., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26592587
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“The STAI yielded excellent internal consistency ( α = 0.90) as assessed by Cronbach's alpha and moderate to excellent test–retest reliability coefficients (Barnes et al. 2002).”
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“The STAI tool has good test– retest reliability ( r = 0.70–0.88) and excellent internal consistency ( α = 0.89–0.91) ( Barnes et al., 2002).”
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“The STAI-T has established good internal consistency ( α = 0.90), and test – retest coefficients from 0.73 to 0.86 (Barnes et al., 2002).”
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“Both have shown satisfactory reliability and validity, including in South African samples (Barnes et al., 2002; Padmanabhanunni et al., 2022; T. Pretorius & Padmanabhanunni, 2021; T. B. Pretorius, 1991).”
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“Previ - ous research has reported that the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the S-AI subscale ranges from 0.86 to 0.95 (Spielberger et al., 1970 ), and its scores exhibit sufficient test-retest reliability across multiple time intervals (Barnes et al., 2002).”
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“The median alpha coefficient of internal consistency has been reported as 0.90 and test-retest coefficients from 0.73 to 0.86 (Barnes et al., 2002).”
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“49 To our knowledge, this is the only study in persons with SCD that investigated the effects of an exercise intervention (as defined by the ACSM) on anxiety symptoms.”
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“Both subscales (state, trait) have been shown to have excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability (Barnes et al., 2002; Ortu ˜ no-Sierra et al., 2016).”
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“The scale shows good internal consistency and test–retest reliability in different samples (Barnes et al. 2002).”
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“Internal consistency reliability estimates for State and Trait scores obtained over various studies and populations investigated are generally satisfactory (Barnes et al., 2002).”
BackgroundDavey, C. J. (2011) · Bradford Scholars (University of Bradford)
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ا..., ش. ن., سعادت, س., & مژده, ش. (2011)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Barnes, L. L. B., Harp, D., & Jung, W. S.
- Affiliations
- Oklahoma State University (US)
- Tulsa Community College (US)
- Bluffton University (US)
- Venue
- Educational and Psychological Measurement
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2002-08
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 603-618
- ISSN
- 0013-1644 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3888
- OpenAlex
- W2171256147
- Cited by
- 947
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 3.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Educational and Psychological Measurement (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Keywords
- State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, reliability generalization, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, anxiety assessment, score variability, research reporting practices
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